英语四级作文实训

英语四级作文实训 一、CET-4写作中常用的连接词 1. 表示强调的连接词 still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially. Obviously, clearly 2. 表示比较的连接词 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally 3. 表示对比的连接词 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast 4. 表示列举的连接词 for example, for instance, such as, take …for example. Except (for), to illustrate 5. 表示时间的连接词 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while 6. 表示顺序的连接词 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important 7. 表示可能的连接词 presumably, probably, perhaps 8. 用于解释的连接词 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms 9. 表示递进的连接词 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again 10. 表示让步的连接词 although, after all, in spite of…, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen 11. 表示转折的连接词 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas 12. 表示原因的连接词 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to 13. 表示结果的连接词 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence 14. 用于总结的连接词 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short 15. 其他类型连接词 Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case 二、对立观点类、社会问现象类、图表类提纲式作文套路 I. 对立观点类提纲式作文套路 1. 有些人持观点A或赞成点A。 2. 有些人持观点B或反对点A。 3. 我的观点。 1. Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点A. 或者Some people are in favor of the idea of doing A. They point out the fact that 支持A 的 第一个理由。They also argue that 支持A 的另一个理由。 2. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点B. 或者However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do A. They firmly point out that 反对A 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 3. As for me, I am in favor of the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. 或者There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of A outweigh the advantages of B. In addition to the above-mentioned positive effects it might bring about, A also may 还有一个好处。 [真题实例] 1999年6月四级真题作文 Reading Selectively or Extensively? 1. 有人认为读要有选择; 2. 有人认为应当博览群书; 3. 我的看法… Some people are in favor of the idea of reading selectively. That is to say, we should select some books we are interested in and ignore the others. Reading selectively can help us concentrate our limited time and attention on those selected books. However, other people stand on a different ground. They think we should read extensively. No matter what kind of book it is, we should look it over(粗略地看). We should read various kinds of books, whether we are interested in them or not. They maintain(主张) that reading extensively can help to enlarge our view(拓展视野/知识面) and grasp the general knowledge in different fields. There is some truth in both arguments. The two reading ways have their roles respectively in our reading. But I think the disadvantages of each method are easy to see. If we only read the books we select or prefer, the framework(框架) of our knowledge may not be complete. Our knowledge would be rather limited. And if we read without selection, we may not have so much time and energy to be specialized(使…专门化) in one particular field. Therefore, the combination of the two methods is more reasonable. [真题实例] 2006年12月23日新四级真题作文 Spring Festival Gala on CCTV 1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会; 2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会; 3. 我的看法… The approach of the Chinese Lunar New Year poses a national issue concerning the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Its established status is being challenged by a growing number of people, especially by younger generations. It is increasingly difficult to cater for all tastes. Some individuals deem that it should be canceled or replaced by other programs. These young people focus their attention on other forms of celebration instead of immersing themselves in TV. Despite that, the majority of mid-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance of the traditional performance. The most striking feature of this gala is its traditionally close link with ordinary people’s lives. Most of people view this gala as an annual staple on the traditional Chinese Spring Festival Eve. They all have a restless night and glue their eyes on the television. I am not supportive of the view that the grand gala should be abandoned. Undoubtedly, it plays a vital role in the celebration of Chinese New Year. To increase its appeal and meet young adults’ need, the upcoming performance should invite some big names including super stars from Hong Kong and Taiwan. We are all eagerly anticipating this unforgettable evening show. 提醒:辩论类作文有时候也以利弊类作文的形式出现。例如: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Long Holidays. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 长假给大学生带来的好处; 2. 长假可能给大学生带来的问题; 3. 我应当怎样利用好长假。 【参考范文】 Long Holidays Generally speaking, long holidays are good for us college students. On the one hand, we have a lot of time to study by ourselves and thus improve weaknesses and further develop strengths. On the other hand, we can take part-time jobs, which can make us realize responsibility and make ourselves better prepared for social life. But every coin has two sides. Some students fail to make good use of their time and they are addicted to various computer games. I am afraid that they are likely to ruin themselves in this way. As far as I am concerned, I will try to make the best use of my precious time. I will spend most of my holidays studying English for that I am very poor at it. In addition, I will take a part-time job as private teacher. By this means, I can earn some money and put my knowledge into practice as well. II. 社会问题现象类提纲式作文套路 社会问题现象类提纲式作文是近几年四、六级考试中出现最多的作文，命题者有时也喜 欢结合校园生活，值得大家倍加关注和熟练掌握其写作套路。 1. 一个社会问题或者现象X; 2. X产生的原因或对社会生活的影响/危害; 3. 解决办法(如何杜绝或对前景的预测)。 1. Nowadays, there exists an increasingly interesting/ meaningful/ serious social/economic/environmental problem/phenomenon of X. (Nowadays, X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, X)。 2. There are a couple of reasons booming/producing /leading to this problem/phenomenon. (下面参照对立观点类议论文的写法。)The first reason is… The second reason is that… This problem/phenomenon is mainly attributable to(由于;由…引起) two factors… On the one hand,… On the other hand, … (问题/影响)X has caused substantial(很大的;实质的) impact/harm on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated(明确地表达) in the following aspects. (下面参照 对立观点类议论文的写法。) 3. A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. (下 面参照对立观点类议论文的写法。) [真题实例] 2008年12月四级真题作文 Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1. 一次性塑料袋曾被广泛使用; 2. 造成的问题;(影响) 3. 限制使用的意义。 Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and department stores, shopping assistants often provide free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us. However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Customers usually threw them away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose(分解, 腐烂)and recycle, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth and water. Nowadays the Chinese government has issued(发布) relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished(消失的) for a long time come back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to this improvement of environment. [真题实例] 2009年6月四级真题作文 Free Admission to Museums? 1. 越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放，目的是…… 2. 有人认为这样做会带来一些问题; 3. 在我看来… Nowadays, more and more museums are open to the public for free. Free admission to museums will motivate people’s interests in history, arts and science. In this way, museums can provide people with easier access to knowledge, which is of vital importance for the whole nation. However, some people hold that free admissions to museums can bring about many problems. Since anybody can enter a museum without paying, the museum can be overcrowded and it will be a difficult job for museums to maintain their collections. Besides, museums will face financial problems since they can’t make profits from the admission fee. Due to the decrease in profits, museums have less motivation to up-date their collections. An out-of-date museum can’t avoid the fate to close up in the long run. In my opinion, free admissions to museums are good for the public, but on the other hand they may pose problems to the museum management. Governments should provide help to museums and guide them to serve the public better. [真题实例] 2009年12月四级真题作文 Creating a Green Campus 1. 建设绿色校园十分重要; 2. 绿色校园不仅是指绿色的环境……; 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…… In recent years, extravagance and waste have become increasingly serious in some of the university campus. We can see that papers, bottles and cans are thrown away after use; food is wasted just because of its poor taste; clothes are discarded simply owing to their old fashion. As a consequence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on creating a green campus. There are at least two criteria to distinguish what is green campus. On the one hand, natural resources must be conserved and made full use of, for example, we, as college students, should take the wise use of papers and second-hand textbooks into account. On the other hand, education to build up thrift habits must be promoted by relevant departments and professionals at various levels. Accordingly, it is necessary for us to take effective steps. For one thing, university authorities should respond with the demand for more rigid conservation of our natural resources, such as water, electricity, and so on. For another, we should enhance the awareness of college students that creating a green campus is of utmost significance to both our society and ourselves. [真题实例] 2010年6月四级真题作文 Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling? 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写; 2. 出现这种现象的原因…….; 3. 为了改变这种现象，我认为…… These days when learning English, a large number of students fail to pay due attention to spelling. Easily found in their essays are spelling mistakes which to some extent affect communication. Several factors may account for(对…作出解释) such phenomenon. In the first place, the wide use of network language with short-formed words and non-standard spellings should be responsible. It sets up a bad example for students to follow. Additionally, the time and effort devoted to (专心于)different aspects of English learning have a lot to do with it. Oral English and listening skills have gained great attention, while spelling and writing training is inadequate. Last but not least, it is the students themselves that ignore the importance of correct spelling. To reverse the trend, joint efforts(共同努力) are needed. Teachers need to emphasize on spelling in class. On the part of students, it’s high time that they recognized the significance of spelling and tried to avoid spelling mistakes. By doing so, correct spelling will be guaranteed in the near future. [真题实例] 2010年12月四级真题作文 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切; 2. 为了让孩子独立，父母应该…… These days many parents tend to make all decisions for their children for fear that they might do something wrong. The parents’ purpose is quite clear: to protect their kids from possible failures. But this practice turns out to make their children increasingly dependent on them. For their children’s future development, parents should help them to be independent. The earlier they take measures to do so, the more benefit their children will get. Parents should first teach their children how to make plan, an indispensable skill for their future survival. Parents should also give their children more freedom, a must to children’s independence. If the children only follow rules set by their parents, they will never gain the sense of independence. Most importantly, parents should be open to different ideas from their children. If children feel that their ideas are well listened to and are respected, they will become more confident. To sum up, parents should provide their children with plan-making skill, freedom and respect. In this way, children will grow more independent. III. 图表类提纲式作文套路 图表类提纲式作文前些年作为一种新颖的题型在CET-4中出现过，这类作文要求使用 专门的句型套路。 1. 图表类作文常用词块 (1) 各种图形:table(表格), chart(图表), line graph(线状图表), bar chart/graph(长条图), pie chart(圆形分割统计图表) (2) 表示“如图(表)所示”: According to the table … As is shown / indicated / illustrated in the chart, … The line graph shows / indicates / illustrates that … (3) 表示时间跨度: from 1990 to 1999 over the period from 1981 to 2001 during the past three decades between 1998 and 2001 (4) 表示“上升”:increase, rise, go up (5) 表示“下降”:decrease, fall, go down (6) 表示“上升/下降到…”:to (7) 表示“上升/下降了…”:by (8) 表示“从…上升/下降到…”:from … to … (9) 表示“呈上升趋势”:on the rise / increase tend to go up / rise / increase (10) 表示“呈下降趋势”:on the decline/decrease tend to go down /decrease / fall (11) 表示“(在数量、比例方面)占”:account for make up add up to (合计达) (12) 表示“分别”、“各自”:respectively (13) 表示“(某时)发生(某事)”:see, witness 2. 图表类作文常用句型 (1) As is shown in the graph… 如图所示… (2) The graph shows that… 图表显示… (3) As can be seen from the table,… 从表格中可以看出… (4) From the chart, we know that… 从这张表中，我们可知… (5) All these data clearly prove the fact that… 所有这些数据明显证明这一事实，即… (6) The increase of …. in the city has reached to 20%... 在这个城市的增长已达到20%。 (7) In 2009, the number remained the same. 2009年，这个数字保持不变。 (8) There was a gradual decline in 2010. 2010年，出现了逐渐下降的情况。 3. 完整套语 图表 (1) As is shown in the (line, circle, bar) graph, there have been great changes in people’s dial expense. (2) We can conclude from the table given above that from 1940 to 1990 population was rising up sharply, reaching peak at 250 million in 1990. (3) The table represents a great increase in the number of candidates and passers in the CET from 1987 to 1998. (4) According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 percent in 2000. (5) The above figures can be interpreted as follows. 数据 (1) It is estimated that the output of July in this factory increased /decreased by 15%, compared with that of January. (2) Statistics indicate that the total number of drug addicts nationwide is very astonishing. To be more exact, it amounts to 680,000 people in China. (3) According to a recent survey, the number of film goers declined from some 85,000 in 1975 to some 12,000 in 1985. (4) No increase is shown in 1985; then came a sharp increase of 8 million in 1995. 倍数和百分比 (1) Milk consumed in 1993 was three times as much as that consumed in 1983. (2) The grain output of the country is twice what is was 10 years ago. (3) Some computers can work 500,000 times faster than men can do. (4) Both urban and rural residences have doubled their income. (5) The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. (6) China’s population has reached 12 million, constituting 22 percent of the world’s total. (7) In 1986, grain made up 47 percent of people’s diet, while in 1990 it made up only 45 percent. (8) At present 70 percent of China’s population lives in rural area. 4. 图表类作文套路 图表类作文要求根据所给图表进行描述和分析，不能凭空捏造。 1. 指出图表反映的某种情况或现象X; 2. 分析出现这种情况或现象(X)的原因; 3. 提出解决办法或预测未来趋势。 1. It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of X has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少). 2. What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因). 3. From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的 变化趋势). 或者: 1. In our developing country great changes took place in (讨论的主题). As illustrated in the chart, there was a generally increasing trend from to (数据变化)between and (时间区间). 2. Many reasons are responsible for these changes, but in general, they can come down to three major ones. First of all, (原因1). Second, (原因2). Most important of all, (原因3). 3. From the above analysis, (结论). [真题实例] 2002年6月四级真题作文 20 16 6 2 1990 1995 2000 year Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week 1. 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化? 2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明); 3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。 Student Use of Computers According to this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours, and in 2000, the number soared to 20 hours. It is obvious that students tend to use computers more and more nowadays. Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. There are several reasons for this phenomenon. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them. However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on. And how to balance the time between using computers and studying is also a serious problem. Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly. 三、四六级作文加分句型21种 一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) ~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) (…是…曾经…最…) 例句: Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。 Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V (没有比…) 例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。) 例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的是...) 例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse/ from good to better 不可否认的是，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下/上。 五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...) 例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的是...) 例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired/improved. 毫无疑问的是我们的教育制中有令人不满意的地方。 七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...) 例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...) 例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...) (倒装句) So + 副 词 + 谓语 + 主词+ that + 句子 例句:So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，经不起我们浪费它。 So fast did he speak that we could not understand him. 十、Adj. + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...) (倒装句) 例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不} 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V~~~ The + more + Adj. + S +V, ~~~the + more + Adj. + S + V~~~(…愈...愈...) 例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。 The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。 十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...，..能够..) 例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。 十三、Only+介词短语或从句+倒装 (只有…才…) 例句:Only by working at evenings and weekends was Mary able to complete the report by the deadline. 只有靠晚上和周末工作马丽才能在规定的期限之前完成这个报告。 Only after they had finished watching the football game did they begin to prepare for the math examination. 只有当他们看完足球比赛后才开始准备数学考试。 Only through persistent effort can one achieve success. 只有通过不懈的努力才能获得成功。 (B3U6 第209页) 十四、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..) 例句:Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 十五、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...) (倒装句) 例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 十六、It is time + that + S + 过去式(该是...的时候了)(虚拟语气句) 例句:It is time that the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 十七、Those who ~~~ (...的人...) 例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规则的人应该受处罚。 十八、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...) 例句:There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。 十九、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...) 例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。 二十、It is conceivable that + 句子 (…是可想而知的。) It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的) It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的) 例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 知识在我们生活中起着重要作用是可想而知的。 二十一、Some… Some…Some…Still some (有的…有的…有的…还有的…)/ Some… Others… Still others…(一些人…另外一些人…还有一些人…) Some open a fashion shop. Some establish a website. Some open a fast food restaurant. Still some raise pigs or fish. 有的开时装店，有的办网站，有的开快餐店，还有的养猪或鱼。 Some make close observation of stars with extremely high level of rare, radioactive elements. They believe those elements result from extraterrestrial technology that is still beyond human wit to understand. Some try to isolate radio signals from the "noise" of the universe. And some claim that they have caught sight of extraterrestrials and can even describe their appearance in detail. 有的密切观察稀有放射性元素水平特别高的星球，他们认为那些元素产生于人类尚未理解的外星人技术。有的试图从宇宙“噪音”中分离出无线电信号。而有的则宣称已经看到了外星人，并能详细描绘他们的摸样。(全新版第3册第4单元翻译练习，第124页) Some open a fashion shop. Others establish a website. Still others open a fast food restaurant. 一些人开时装店，另外一些人办网站，还有一些人开快餐店。 四、四六级考试热门词汇 1. 素质教育 :Quality Education 2. EQ:分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业: the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出: ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金: clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款: non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包: multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社: credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障: a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障: the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷: export credit 12. 贷款质量: loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法: the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险: take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程: flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易 : illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇: foreign exchange earnings through non,trade channels 18. 非银行金融机构: non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税: transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计: follow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度: the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全: the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦 : excess reclamation 24. : the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策 : pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费: basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系: sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制: the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全: economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设: to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求 : the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长: fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库: grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业: grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行: closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场: grain sales market 37. 劣质工程: shoddy engineering 38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款: arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇: obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 40. 融资渠道: financing channels 41. 商业信贷原则: the principles for commercial credit 42. 社会保险机构: social security institution 43. 失业保险金: unemployment insurance benefits 44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税: tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes 45. 外汇收支: foreign exchange revenue and spending 46. 安居工程: housing project for low-income urban residents 47. 信息化: information-based; informationization 48. 智力密集型: concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive 49. 外资企业: overseas-funded enterprises 50. 下岗职工: laid-off workers 51. 分流: reposition of redundant personnel 52. 素质教育: education for all-round development 53. 豆腐渣工程: jerry-built projects 54. 社会治安情况: law-and-order situation 55. 民族国家: nation state 56. “台独”: "independence of Taiwan" 57. 台湾当局: Taiwan authorities 58. 台湾同胞 : Taiwan compatriots 59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分:Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. 60. 西部大开发 : Development of the West Regions 61. 可持续性发展: sustainable development 62. 风险投资 : risk investment 63. 通货紧缩 : deflation 64. 扩大内需 : to expand domestic demand 65. 计算机辅助教学: computer-assisted instruction ( CAI ) 66. 网络空间: cyberspace 67. 虚拟现实: virtual reality 68. 网民 : netizen ( net citizen ) 69. 电脑犯罪 : computer crime 70. 电子商务: the e-business 71. 网上购物 : shopping online 72. 应试教育: exam-oriented education 73. 学生减负 : to reduce study load 74. “厄尔尼诺”:(EL Nino) 75. “拉尼娜”:(La Nina) 76. “智商”:(IQ) 77. “情商”:(EQ) 78. “第三产业”:(third/tertiary industry, service sector, third sequence of enterprises) 79(“第四产业”:(quaternary/information industry) 80(“军嫂”:(military spouse) 81,“峰会”,香港译“极峰会议”,”,summit(conference) 82,“克隆”,clone 83,“冰毒”,ice 84,“摇头丸”,dancing outreach 85,“传销”,multi level marketing 86,“,计算机,2000年问题”,Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand) 87,“白皮书”,white paper(不是white cover book) 88,“傻瓜相机”,Instamatic(商标名, 焦距、镜头均固定,被称为foolproof相机), 89,“白条”,IOU note,IOU,债款、债务,由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来, 90,“巡回招聘”,milk round,一种招聘毕业生的方式,大公司走访各大学及学院, 向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈,。 91,“减员增效”,increase efficiency by downsizing staff, 92,“抓大放小”,manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones, 93,“市政府要办的X件实事”,x major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal government’s working agenda, 94,“两个基本点”,two focal points,two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC,I.e. upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reform,opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。 95,“投资热点”,a region attractive to investors,a much sought piece of hand, popular investment spot 96,“移动电话”,本系cellular,有时简作cel,或mobile,tele,phone 97,“三角债”,chain debts或debt chains 五、CET-4作文练习八篇 [练习1] Chat on the Internet 1. 网聊时尚; 2. 网聊的利弊; 3. 我的看法。 [练习2] The Sky-Rocketing Price of Apartments in Chinese Cities 1. 近年来中国城市房价不断上涨; 2. 中国城市房价不断上涨的原因; 3. 你的看法。 [练习3] How to Deal with Sub-health? 1. 随着现代化的不断加速发展，全世界的物质生活水平不断攀升，但人们却日益受到 “亚健康”这种不良状态的威胁; 2. 亚健康的具体表现及在我国的蔓延程度(据调查，北京 75%、上海72%、广州70% 的上班族都处于亚健康状态); 3. 在现代社会中应怎样解决亚健康问题。 [练习4] On TV Show 1. 时下电视选秀节目非常流行; 2. 有人认为选秀很好，能给普通人展示自己的机会; 3. 我的观点。 [练习5] Students’ Rating of Their Teachers 1. 学生给老师打分已很普遍; 2. 人们对其持不同态度; 3. 我的看法。 [练习6] Attend Your Classes Regularly 1. 大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象; 2. 保证学生出勤水平对大学教育的重要性; 3. 作为学生应该怎样做。 [练习7] A Letter of Condolence 你在报纸上看到你的朋友王志的家乡被飓风袭击，请你写一封慰问信向他表示你的关心。 [练习8] Reform of College English Education 1. 现在大学英语教学中存在的涉及学校及老师的问题; 2. 现在大学英语教学中存在的涉及学生的问题; 3. 你认为如何改革。 六、叙述介绍类 (含书信类作文)作文套路 1(介绍事由。 2(叙述详情。 2007年6月 欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。 标题:Welcome to our club 1. 表达你的欢迎; 2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。 Welcome to Our Club [样卷/14 points] Dear students: Are you still worrying about how to improve your English? If so, don’t hesitate to join our club PYE. Our club aims at Practicing Your English. We gather to discuss books written in English and offer opportunities to learn from native speakers every week. We not only invite famous language experts to deliver speeches but also hold new theme activities on a regular basis. If you join our club, you’ll get an advantage over your fellow students in the number of chances to have contacts with people from English-speaking countries. It will be easier for you to step closer to the English literature as well. So, email us at pye@pye.com and send your application to us. Club fee is 10 yuan for a semester. It should be collected in advance. We are here waiting for you to come soon! 2004年6月 A brief introduction to a tourist attraction 要点: 1、欢迎词; 2、一天的行程安排; 3、对旅客即将访问的地点进行描述; 4、你应该让这个介绍很吸引人，并且让每个人都清楚了解你的行程安排。 Good morning, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing. To begin with, I would like to introduce myself: I am the tourist guide from China Travel Service and it's great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. Just as the old saying goes, "It is always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar"， I wish all of you to enjoy yourselves during this trip. The following is schedule of the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors. Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states. By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says, "He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man"。 Above is my introduction to the Great Wall. If any of you have questions, please feel free to ask me at any time. 05年1月四级作文题及范文 Directions: A Campaign Speech 1、你认为自己具备是什么条件(能力，性格，爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作, 2、如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么, Today I am very glad to run for the president of the students’ union. I am junior in Chemical Department. Since I came into the university, I have always been the monitor of my class. I have done a very good job for my classmates, and my classmates and my teacher all give me a good praise. I am good at communication and organizing. And I like to help others. Moreover, I have a variety of hobbies, for example, basketball, football, table tennis, etc. I am sure that I am qualified for this position. If I become the president, I will try my best to do well. I wil l organize some suitable activities for you. I will do many things for you to reach your demands as well. I am sincerely hope you will give me a chance, and please believe me that I will be a good president. Thank you. 2006年6月24日 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of Students Selecting Their Lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师; 2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素; 3. 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题。 四级英语参考范文: Students Selecting Their Lecturers Nowadays, some universities give students the right to select who teaches some of their classes. This has led to some debate over whether students should be given this much power. There are several factors that students consider when selecting a lecturer, including the teaching style of the lecturer, the lecturer’s academic background, and the lecturer’s reputation among students. The ideal lecturer is one who has an interesting teaching style, a diverse academic background, and a good reputation among students. There are both positive and negative aspects to allowing students to select their lecturers. Giving students the choice encourages them to take ownership for their classes, and also puts pressure on teachers to improve their teaching quality. However, the factors that students consider might not be the ones that lead to the highest quality of education. Schools might end up with lecturers who teach interesting classes without much content. 2002年1月 A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A letter to the university president about the canteen service on campus, you should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写了一封信，内容涉及食堂的饭菜 质量、价格、环境、服务等等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 January 11th, 2002 Dear Mr. President, As a regular student at our college, I have some complaints to make about the canteen service on campus. Firstly, the canteen environment is very bad. Actually, it is becoming more and more crowded and noisy with an ever larger presence of vocational students every term. Secondly, the canteen workers are bad-mannered. Far from being warm and kind-hearted, they always seem to be cold and rude to us students. Thirdly and most importantly, the dishes at our canteen are too expensive, though they are by no means good quality or delicious. The survey the Student Union carried out last week reveals that on average a student will spend 12 to 20 yuan on meals every day. This is for more than the food expenses of students in the neighborhood colleges. Nutritious and delicious meals well within the students’ means are very important for young students. I really wish measures could be taken to improve our canteen service. Best wishes, Sincerely yours, Li Ming 2003年12月 Directions: In this section you are required to write a letter in reply to a friend’s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1(建议报考的专业及理由; 2(报考该专业的基本条件; 3(应当如何备考。 Dear Li Ming, When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, foreign trade and so on. What's more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market. In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect”. In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since “interest is the best teacher.” As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, you’d better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university. Yours, Wang Ping 请以Wang Fang 的名义按下列要求写封求职信 中国四达国际经济技术合作公司 (CSCIETC)诚聘文秘一名，要求如下: 年龄20—30岁，大学本科以上学历;流利的英语听说读写能力;熟练的计算机操作能力; 良好的沟通和协调能力;有外企工作经验者优先。 应聘者请将简历、联系方式以及待遇要求寄至:上海市淮海中路8560号揽盛大厦人力资源 部收，邮编200033。 Department of Human Resources Lansheng Building No. 8560, Huaihai Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200033 Dear Sir or Madam, I learned from Beijing Youth Daily Jan.2 that your company is offering a position for a secretary, and it’s a great pleasure for me to write to explore the possibility of seeking the job. I graduated two years from Beijing University, and obtained a bachelor’s degree in the field of business management. During my stay in the university my major courses included macro-economics, business communication skills marketing and computer applications. I was especially fond of the communication skills which enabled me to deal with people and thing around well. Upon graduation I engaged with HP China Branch as an assistant to the head of Marketing Department. My responsibilities consisted of carrying out market surveys, writing reports and organizing meetings within the department. This is two-year experience has helped me a lot in many ways. In particular, I become increasingly aware of the importance of co-ordination and co-operation among co-workers. I also believe the experience will qualify me for the current vacancy in your company. I passed CET-6 with high marks. My spoken English is also fluent enough to organize meetings in English , which was actually my routine work in HP. Most of my market reports were presented in English , as my former boss is a native English speaker. I enclose herein my resume and some relevant documents as required. And if you need any further information on me, I also refer you to Mr. Johnson, my ex-colleague, who is available at . I appreciate your sincere consideration of me, and am looking forward to an early interview with you. Sincerely Yours, Wang Fang