2011高考英语必考五大考点

2011高考英语必考五大考点 2011年，英语的必考点仍有以下几个方面(本次为不完全刊出)，请同学们复习备考时注意。 一、定语从句 限制性定语从句，前边没有逗号，可以用that引导，从句中缺宾语时引导词可以省略。 非限制性定语从句，前有逗号，不能用that引导，引导词不能省略。 二、关系代词 人 who/that who/whom/that whose物which/that which/that whose 注意:1)先行词在从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略(非限制性定语从句不可以); 2) 介词后不能跟 that，who; 2010年高考英语分类汇编——动词时态和语态 (10上海) 28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had :B 考点:本题考查时态。 解析:根据时间状语every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时，因此答案选B。 31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 答案:D 考点:本题考查被动语态。 解析:Restore意思为修复，而最后一句表明还未完成，因此为正在修复中，答案选D. (10福建) 28. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised28. 答案:D 考点:现在完成时的被动语态 31. –Guess what, we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. --How nice! You a different culture then. A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced31. 答案: A 考点:考查将来进行时 解析:--猜猜看，我们已经得到了今年夏天去香港的短期签证 --太棒了，你到时候将会感受到不同的文化 (10安徽) 28. ----Were you surprised by the ending of the film? ----No, I _______the book, so I already knew the story? A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read 答案:B. 考点:本题考查时态用法。 解析:句意为“我看过了，已知道这个故事”。在“knew”前已看过，故用过去完成时。 34. ----We’ve spent too much money recently. ----well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives _______around all the time A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming 答案:D. 考点:本题考查时态用法。 解析:句意为“近来我们花了太多钱了。----并不惊奇，近来朋友和亲戚总是来访。”用have been coming表示从过去到现在一直所发生的动作。 (10湖南) 24. This coastal area a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names 24. 答案:A 考点:考查动词时态和语态。 解析:根据主语“This coastal area”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句中的 last year判断用一般过去时，故选A项。 27. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you? A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do 27. 答案:B 考点:考查动词时态。 解析:该空动作发生在was just going to cut之前，即表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时 态。句意为:“我正要剪切我的蔷薇丛但(发现)有人已经将它剪切了。是你干的吗,” 31. I walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold 31. 答案:B 考点:考查动词时态。 解析:根据“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断 此处表示“人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”，即表示过去某时正在发生的动作，故选B 项。 34. I'm tired out. . I all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything. A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping 34. 答案D 考点:考查动词时态。 解析:句意为:“我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物，我好像什么事都没做成似的。”由语 境可判断选D项。 (10江西) 30 Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ______ since her marriage to Father. A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering 答案:, 考点:考察时态。 解析:在本句since 表示自从过去到现在, 所以用现在完成时, 现在完成进行时为现在完成 时的一种。 (10山东) 29. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 答案: A 考点:本题考查with复合结构的用法/被动语态。 解析: with复合结构的构成是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，由于table与lay(搁放)之间是 逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空格处用过去分词表示被动。 30. Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved 答案:D 考点:本题考查动词时态的用法。 解析:句意应为“截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。” up to now是现在完成时态的标志，所以空格处使用现在完成时态。 (10天津) 4. We on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest. A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked 答案:B. 考点:考查动词时态。 句意:我们在这项工程上一直工作了四个小时了。咱们休息一会。 解析:从句子的时间状语for four hours和后面的句子Let’s have a rest可知，动作从 过去发生，到说话的时候一直在进行着，所以此处要用现在完成进行时态。 10. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited 答案:C. 考点:考查被动语态。 句意:想剪纸一样的天津民间传统艺术品正在2010上海世博会的文化展览中展出。 解析:因为2010年上海世博会现在还在进行着，所以像剪纸一样的天津传统民间艺术品也是“正在被展览”，所以用现在进行时态的的被动语态形式。 (10四川) 11(In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant ( A(to deal with B(dealing with C(to be dealt with D(dealt with 答案:Aw_w w. k#s5_u. c o*m考点:考查不定式主动表被动。 解析:在某些形容词后经常用不定式的主动形式表被动，此时，不定式动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。又如:The apartment is comfortable to live in. w_w*w. k_s*5_u. c_o m 16(一When shall we restart our business? w_w w. k#s5_u. c o*m 一Not until we our plan( A(will finish B(are finishing C(are to finish D(have finished 答案:D w_w*w. k_s*5_u. c_o m 考点:考查动词时态。 解析:在状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时。此处为until引导的时间状语从句，故用现在完成时，选D。意为“直到我们完成我们的，我们才重新开始我们的生意。”w_w*w. k_s*5_u. c_o m 18(You’ve failed to do what you to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you( A(will expect B(will be expected C(expected D(were expected 答案:D w_w*w. k_s*5_u. c_o m 考点:考查动词时态。 解析:句中you与expect存在被动关系，首先排除C。又有have failed提示应是过去你被期盼做的事，故应为过去时，正确答案为D。w_w w. k#s5_u. c o*m (10全国?) 21. —Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? —No , I ______ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do 21题 答案A 句意:—你读完了Jane Eyre吗, —没有，我昨天一直做作业。 解答:根据选项此题考察时态，此题可以根据句意解答，也可以使用排除法。A表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作使用进行时。题干中有all day yesterday时间提示为过去，应该选择与过去相关的时态，排除D。B为过去将来时不符合题意，C过去完成时是过去的过去，使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时，题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。 28. When you are home , give a call to let me know you ______ safely. A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive 28题 答案:B 句意:当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。 解答:根据选项此题考察时态。此题可以根据句意也可以使用排除法。 句意为“当你到家 的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”B选项使用现在完成时表示将来完成，译为“已 经„„”。同时也可以使用排除法，arrive既可以使用现在进行时表示将来也可以用will + do 表示将来，因此A和D同时排除，C为过去完成时，使用过去完成时时句中一定要有一般过 去时，过去完成时是过去的过去，因此C也排除，选择B. 32. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______. A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made 32题 答案:C 句意:在澳洲金矿的发现使千百人相信将会发财。 解答:根据选项此题考察时态和语态。make fortune译为“发财”，make在句中需要使用被 动形式，因此排除B和D，题干中led提示时间为过去，因此选择C。be to do译为“将会 将要”，was to be made表示过去将来。 (10江苏) 23. —why, Jack, you look so tired! w_w w. k#s5_u. c o*m —Well, I _____the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting 选D。我给房子上油漆一直进行到现在，而且到明天才会完成。所以用现在完成进行时 30. —Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation? —We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be 选C. 考查时态题. 我们去海边发生在过去. 而我们忙于工作在此之前. 因此用过去完成 时. (??陕西) 21. I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately. A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough A. 【解析】考查动词时态。由时间状语lately可知此处表示现阶段一直在进行的动作或存 在的状态，且强调其持续性，用现在完成进行时，选A。 24. It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built D. 【解析】考查动词时态，语态及主谓一致。由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的 动作正在进行，主语与所填词是被动关系;many a+名词单数做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式， 由此可知本题选D。 (10全国?) 9. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ________evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 答案:B 解析:考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of „. 为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one， 即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A， D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选A 15. Linda make sure the table ________before the guests arrive A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting 答案:C 解析:考查动词set的用法和被动语态。Set a table摆放桌子， tables为主语，故用被动 结构。make sure后一般接宾语从句。 19. Excuse me I________I was blocking your way. A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing 答案:A 考点:时态考查。 解析:结合语境，后文暗示过去时。 (10湖北) 78. Last night’s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people ________ (未证实)yet. (prove) 78. 答案: had not been proved 考点:考查过去完成时的被动语态 (10辽宁) 24. Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’ s your name?” in Russian. A(has been going B(went C(goes D(has gone 答案:A 句意:约瑟夫自从上个月就一直去夜校，可是他仍然不能用俄语说“你叫什么名字,”。 解析:考查时态。句中since last month，表示“自从上个月起”根据but后的句意，说明 动作从过去发生到现在一直在进行着，所以要用现在完成进行时态。 30. I _______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it. A(will do B(do C(am doing D(had done 答案: B 句意:我为一家人做饭，但是最近我太忙不能做了。 解析:考查动词时态。第一句表示现阶段的一种状况，所以用一般现在时态。 (10北京) 22. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words . A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 22. 答案:A 考点:时态和语态 解析:the "r" sounds应该使用被动。 24. --I'm not finished with my dinner yet. --But our friends for us. A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting 24. 答案:D 考点:本题也是在语境中考查学生对时态的灵活运用。 解析:第一个说话人说"我还没吃完饭呢"，而下面的人则说"但是我们的朋友们都在等我们了 "根据第一个人还没进行完吃饭的动作，而第二个人又开始催促，我们得知朋友们此时正在等 他们。所以用进行时are waiting更符合句意。 26. --I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? --Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20. A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make C. don't make D. haven't made 26. 答案:D 考点: 时态 解析:上文说没听清是几号回来。而下文则说很抱歉我没说清楚。根据句意我们只能选didn't make或者haven't made. 那落在选项中我们只能选择D。A. hadn't made过去完成时表过去 的过去，不符合题意。B. wouldn't make过去将来时时态不正确。C一般现在时不正确。 28. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing 28. 答案:A 考点:本题考查过去完成时和一般过去时的区别。 解析:整个句子时态用的是一般过去时，我能够表示感谢就已经是过去，而他们对我的帮助 则是过去的过去。因此选A。 (10重庆) 24. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it on the market in 1973. A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes 24. 答案C 考点:考查时态。 解析: since引导的从句作状语时，主句通常用完成时，而从句用一般过去时，所以选C项。 29. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained 29. 答案A 考点:考查时态。 解析: remain在这儿意思是“剩下，余留”，为不及物动词，整句话是对现在事实的陈述， 所以用一般现在时。选 A项。 31. -----Why do you want to work for our company? -----This is the job that I for. A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking 31. 答案D 考点:考查时态。 解析:由句意:这就是我一直寻找的工作可知用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某个时刻发生 的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。 (10浙江) 5(If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you fresh watermelon in the fall. A(eat B(would eat C(have eaten D(will be eating 答案D 考点:本题考查条件句的时态。 解析:根据句意:如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。可以判断这是真实的条件从句，会发生的事情，所以选择will be eating表将来。 15(For many years, people electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. A(had dreamed of B(have dreamed of C(dreamed of D(dream of 答案:B 考点:本题考查时态。 解析:根据句意:许多年来，人们都一直梦想着电动汽车。然而，制造它们比想象要难得多。由此，推断此处的梦想从过去到现在，并由此延伸。目前，市场上已经有了电动汽车，所以应用现在完成时。 中考总复习之定语从句专项详解巧练 1. 定语从句的概念:在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对先行词起修饰限定作用。 e.g. He is the man who I want to see. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 2. 定语从句的引导词: 定语从句的引导词有关系代词that, which, who (whom, whose)和关系副词where, when, why两种，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一定成分。 3. 关系代词引导的定语从句: ? 如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who (whom, whose) 和that。 e.g. This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday. (who / that 在从句中作主语) 这就是昨天给我们作报告的小王。 The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that在从句中作宾语) 上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。 I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. (whose在从句中作定语) 我认识的那个妇女，她的丈夫是个医生。 ? 如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词时，则用which或that。 e.g. Guilin is a city which / that has a history of 2000 years. (which / that 在从句子中作主语) 桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。 The mooncakes which / that mother cooked taste nice. (which / that在从句中作宾语) 妈妈做的月饼很好吃。 4. 关系代词引导定语从句应该注意的几个方面: ? 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。 e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English well. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 3年级的学生明天去爬山。 ? 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。 e.g. Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。 This is the book (which) you are looking for. 这是那本你正在找的书。 There are some films (that) I’d like to see. 有几部电影我想去看。 ? 口语中作为宾语的关系代词whom也可用who，且也可以省略。 e.g. The man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school. 你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。 ? 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在whom, which之前(不可放在that 之前) Page 3 e.g. The man (whom) I borrowed the book from is Li Lei. ? The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. 我借书的那个人是李雷。 The house (which) he lives in is quite large. ? The house in which he lives is quite large. 他住的房子很大。 应注意，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可省略，另外，若定语从句中谓语动词是 固定搭配的词组，则其后的介词或副词不可前移至关系代词之前。 e.g. The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk. 你在寻找的 那本词典在桌子上。 The sick man whom she is taking care of is her farther. 她在照顾 的病人是她父亲。 5. 关系代词只能用that的几种情况:(只作了解) ? 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, none, the one (something除外) 等 不定代词时。 e.g. I had to remember everything that the teacher taught me. 我必须记住老师教 给我的一切知识。 ? 先行词被序数词或the last修饰时。 e.g. He was the first student that got to school today. 他是 今天第一个到学校的学生。 ? 先行词是或被all, no, some, any, little, much, few等修饰时。 e.g. I have done all that he told us to do. 我已 完成了他让我做的一切。 ? 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 e.g. He worked out the most difficult problem that I had seen. 他解答出我所见过最难的题目。 ? 先行词被the very, the only, the same修饰时。 e.g. I need the same dictionary that you have. 我需要同你一样的字典。 ? 先行词是两个或多个分别表示人和物的名词时 e.g. He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard. 他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。 ? 主句是以who, which引导的特殊疑问句时 e.g. Who is the man that you spoke to just now? 你刚才跟他说话的那个人是谁, 6. 定语从句可以简化成短语。 ? 定语从句为被动结构，可用过去分词短语简化。 e.g. I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. ? I bought a book written by Lu Xun. 我买了一本鲁迅写的书。 ? 若为主动结构，且为进行时态或从句表示经常性的动作和状态时，可用现在分词短语简化。 e.g. Tell the children who are playing there not to do that. ? Tell the children playing there not to do that. The house that stands at the corner was built in 1987. ? The house standing at the corner was built in 1987. ? 当从句中的谓语动词表示一个将要发生的动作或具有某种情态意义时，可简化为动词不定式。 e.g. We have nothing that we should fear. ? We have nothing to fear. 我们没有什么事情可以害怕。 ? 当从句的谓语动词后是介词短语时，可简化为介词短语作定语。 e.g. The book that is on the table is expensive. ? The book on the table is expensive. 7.关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如:This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。) 3)who在从 句中作宾语 时为不规范用法。 既缺先行词，又缺引导词的情况，如: 1)Is this factory ____ we visited last year? 2)Is this the factory ____we visited last year? A. that B. which C. the one D.what 解析:此类题目我们应先将其变为陈述句。1)变后为:This factory is ____ we visited last year。再有其汉语意思“这个工厂是我们去年参观的那一个”。可知1)中缺少先行词，答案中只有项the one 这个代词可以充当。故1)答案 C。 2)变为陈述句后为:This is the factory ____ we visited last year。由此可知此句缺少引导词。切先行词在从句中作宾语，因此答案为A或B。 三、介词前置 从句中与先行词搭配的介词可放到引导词前。 The athlete whom you talked to is a famous runner.= The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner。 但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。 The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now。 四、关系副词=介词+关系代词(which) I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.= I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing。 such+先行词+as+定语从句 the same+先行词 +as+定语从句 Eg:I like the same book as you do。 五、定语从句中的主谓一致 当引导词在从句中做主语时，从句中谓语动词的单复数由先行词而定。 one of+the+ [C]复 数+that/who+定语从句(从句中谓语动词用复数) the only one of +the+[C]复数+that/who+ 定语从句(从句中谓语动词用单数) Eg: He is one of the students that are in red。 He is the only one of the students that is in red。 做定语从句题目的基本步骤:1.判断是否为定语从句;2.找出从句中所缺成分(主语、宾 语、定语、表语、状语)从而判断是用关系代词还是关系副词;3.找出先行词(看是人、物或 者是其他状语)注:缺主语:从句中谓语动词前没有主语。 缺宾语:1.从句中谓语动词为及物动词，后无宾语时;2.从句中介词后无宾语;3.从句 中谓语动词为后可跟双宾语的动词，若其后只有一个宾语时，从句中可能缺宾语。(后可跟双 宾语的动词有 show、give、ask、buy、tell等。) 不缺宾语的情况:1.被动语态中;2.主系表结构的句子里;3.谓语动词为不及物动词的 句子里。 缺表语:从句中系动词后无表语时; 缺定语:从句中的主语与先行词表所属关系时; 缺状语:当以上成分都不缺时。 不定式用法 The Infinitive 1 I happened ____ the article when he asked me about it. A. having read B. to have read C. to be read D. reading 2.. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C .to be telling D. to have been told [归纳] 不定式的完成时主要用于以下几个方面: 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, wanted, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were 等后，表示“原„„”; 用在seem, appear, think, consider, believe等后; 3.[2005江苏卷 第25小题]---- Is Bob still performing? ---- I'm afraid not. He is considered________ the stage already as he has become an official to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 4(,2008陕西卷 第11题,The message is very important, so it is supposed as soon as possible. A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending [归纳] 通过以上各题可见，以下结构大家可放心使用不定式，再根据上面的介绍确定动作发生的时 间和不定式跟句子主语的关系: sb be supposed/ reported/ said/ believed/ thought„ + to do/ to have done /to be done 5[ 2006广东卷 第30题] this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 6[2006上海春 第38题]________ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break. A. Improving B. To improve C. Having improved D. Improved 7(09徐州三模)_______ what is happening in his own country, he watches TV and reads newspapers every day. A To inform B Informing of C To be informed of D Having informed of 8.[2007 全国卷I 第25题]—The last one __________________ pays the meal. —Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 9[2007上海卷 第35题]There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade 深入 11. Alice is said _____ her homework in her own room now. she is doing B. to be doing C. doing D. be doing 12. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost