山东自考英语二

山东自考英语二 Unit12 Text A Importance重 要 性 Many important things that contribute to our overall objectives and give meaning to life don't tend to act upon us or press us( 很多重要事情有助于实现我们的总目标，使生活有意义，但是它们不作用于我们. They're not ''urgent"，but they are the things that we must act upon( 它们并不紧迫，但它们却是我们必须做的事情。 In order to focus on the issues of urgency and importance more effectively， let's look at the Time Management Table below( 为了更有效地把精力集中在紧急和重要的事情上，我们来看下面的时间管理分类表。 As you can see it divides our activities into four parts( We spend time in one of these four ways: 该表将人的活动分为四部分，我们以其中任何一种方式度日。 Urgent紧迫 Not Urgent不紧迫 I II Crises危机 Preparation准备工作 Important重要 Pressing Problems紧急问题Prevention预防工作 Values clarification价值分类 Planning计划 Dealine-driven projects, meetings, preparations有最后Relationship building确立人际关 期限的项目、会议和准备工作系 True-creation真正的再创造 III IV Interruptions, some phone callsTrivia ,busywork 小插曲，某些电话 Some phone calls某些电 Some mail, some reports某些信话 Not Important不重件、报告 Time wasters消耗时间要 Some meetings某些会议 的事情 "Escape" activities“逃避Many proximate, pressing matters许多迫在眉睫的事情 现实”的活动 Many popular activities许多大 Irrelevant mail不相关的 众活动 信件 Excessive TV过度看电 视 Part I represents things that are both "urgent'' and "important" ( 第1部分表示既"紧迫"又"重要"的事情。 Here's where we handle an angry client，meet a deadline，repair a broken-down machine，undergo a heart surgery，or help a crying child who has been hurt( 接待一位怒气冲冲的顾客、在截止期限内完成任务、抢修一台坏了的机器、接受心脏手术、帮助一位因受伤而号啕大哭的孩子，这些都归于此类。 We need to spend time in Part I(我们应该在这类事情上花一些时间。 If we ignore it， we become buried alive( 如果忽视这些事情，我们的生活就会乱做一团，终日忙碌地喘不过气来。 But we also need to realize that many important activities become urgent through delay，or because we don't do enough prevention and planning( 同时，应该意识到很多重要事情由于耽误、计划不周或者事前预防不力而变得紧迫。(注:今年4月汉译英刚刚考过这一句) Part 1I includes activities that are "important，but not urgent"(This is the Part of Quality( 第1I部分包括"重要但不紧迫"的事情，又被称为质量部分。 Here's where we do our long-range planning，anticipate and prevent problems，broaden our minds，and increase our skills through reading and continuous professional development， 我们进行长期计划、预见和防治问题、开阔视野、通过阅读和专业方面的不断发展提高工作技巧。 imagine how we're going to help a struggling Son or daughter， 想像我们去帮助奋斗中的儿女， prepare for important meetings and presentations， 准备很重要的， or invest in relationships through deep，honest listening( 或者通过深入、真诚地倾听别人讲话增进人际关系。 Increasing time spent in this part increases our ability to do( 增加花费在该部分的时间会提高我们做事的能力。 Ignoring this part feeds and enlarges Part I，creating stress and deeper crises for us( 忽视该部分就会扩大第1部分的范围，增加压力和深层危机。 On the other hand， investing in this part shrinks Part I(另外，加在该部分投入的时间会缩小第1部分。 Planning，preparation，and prevention keep many things from becoming urgent( 增计划、准备和预防能够避免许多事情变得紧迫。 Part II does not act on us;we must act on it( 属于第1I部分的事情不会催促着我们去行动，我们应该对这些事情采取行动。 This is the Part of personal leadership( 这一部分又被称为个人领导部分。 Part ? is easily confused with (被动语态)Part I( 第1II部分极易与第1部分混淆。 It includes things that are "urgent，but not important(" 它包括那些"紧迫但是不重要"的事情。 This is the Part of Deception( 该部分被称作欺骗部分。 The noise of urgency creates the illusion of importance( 紧迫给人制造重要的假象。 But the actual activities(if they're important at all， are only important to someone else( 如果说这些行动重要，它们只对其他人重要。 Many phone calls，meetings，and drop-in visitors fall into(落入，此处指属于) this type( 很多电话、会议和偶然来访者都属于这一类。 We spend a lot of time in part?meeting other people's needs，thinking we're really in Part I( 我们在第1?部分花费大量时间满足别人的需要，却认为自己做的事情属于第1部分。 Part IV is reserved for those activities that are "not urgent and not important(" 第?部分包括"既不紧迫也不重要"的事情。 This is the Part of Waste(这是一个浪费部分。 Of course，we really shouldn't be there at a11( 显然，我们不应该做属于该部分的事情。 But we get so battle-scarred from being tossed around in Parts I and III that we often "escape" to Part IV for survival( 但我们往往为第1、第1II部分的事情焦头烂额、不堪重负，希望在第?部分得以解脱。 What kinds of things are in Part IV? 那么，哪些事情属于该部分呢? Not necessarily recreational things，because recreation in the true sense of re-creation is a valuable Part?activity( 并非休闲活动，因为真正的休闲活动具有再创造的意义，属于第1I部分有价值的活动。 Part IV is deterioration(该部分使人堕落。 We would find there's nothing there( 我们会发现这些事情本质上毫无价值。 We'd like to suggest that you look at the Time Management Table and think back over the past week of your life( 我们建议你看一下时间管理分类表，回顾一周来的生活。 If you were to place each of your last week's activities in one of these parts，where would you say you spent most of your time? 如果你将一周的活动归类到四个部分，你大部分时间花在哪个部分? Think carefully as you consider Parts I and III(It's easy to think that if something is urgent, it is important( 在涉及到第1、第?I部分的时候要仔细考虑，我们很容易这样认为:某件事若非常紧迫， 它就是重要的。 A quick way to differentiate between these two parts is to ask yourself if the urgent activity will contribute to an important objective( 快速区分两者的途径是问问自己这件紧迫的事情是否有助于实现一个重要的目标。 If not，it probably belongs to Part ?( 如果答案是否定的，那它就属于第1II部分。 Think about the questions:思考一下这两个问题: What is the one activity that you know if you did superbly well and consistently would have significant positive results in your personal life? 哪件事情，如果你做得非常出色并且经常去做，会对你的生活大有好处? What is the one activity that you know if you did superbly well and consistently would have significant positive results in your professional life? 哪件事情，如果你做得非常出色并且经常去做，会对你的工作极其有益? Think about your answers to these questions( 思考一下你对这两个问题会如何做答。 Among the answers we get，a great majority(大多数)of them fall under six key activities: 我们所得到的答案，可以分为六种主要类型: 1( Improving communication with people增强与人交流 2(Better preparation做好准备工作 3(Better planning and organizing很好地计划和组织 4(Taking better care of self照顾好自己 5(Seizing new opportunities抓住新机会 6(Personal development个人发展 All of these are in Part?(They're important(这些都属于第1I部分，非常重要。 So why aren't people doing them? 大家为什么都不做呢? Why aren't you doing the things you have identified from the questions above? 你又为什么不根据从上面问题中得出的答案做事呢? Probably because they're not urgent( They aren't pressing( 这很可能是因为它们不紧迫，没有给你压迫感。 They don't act on you(You have to act on them( 它们不会让你有紧迫感，但是你必须对这些事情采取主动行动。 CLOZE IV(Cloze(Please pay attention that there are more s than are necessary? urgent in motion casual embarrassed confused excuse overworked relaxed satisfaction habitual exciting expect used gratitude instead The Urgency Addiction (瘾、沉溺) 紧张的癖好 Some of us get so used to the rush of handling crises that we become dependent on it for a sense of excitement and energy( 我们当中有些人习惯于忙忙碌碌地处理紧急情况，以至于我们依赖这种忙碌让自己兴奋和精神饱满。 How does urgency feel ? Stressful ?Tense ?Exhausting ?Sure( 紧迫感是一种什么感觉呢?感觉有压力?紧张?当然是这样。 But let's be honest( It's also sometimes exciting We feel useful(We feel successful( 坦白地说，有时候紧迫使人兴奋、激动，让人感觉自己是能干的、成功的。 And we get good at it(It brings instant results and instant satisfaction( 我们变得擅长于此。紧迫能够带来即时的成就和满足感。 We get a temporary(临时的，暂时的)excitement from solving urgent and important crises( 解决紧迫并且重要的危急事件可以得到暂时的兴奋与激动。 Then when the importance isn't there，we would feel uneasy and we are drawn to anything urgent，just to stay in motion( 当事情的重要性不复存在，我们就会变得不自在，对紧迫的事情非常感兴趣，时刻处于行动状态中。 People expect us to be busy and overworked( 其他人都希望我们一直忙碌，并且超负荷工作。 It's become a status symbol in our society-if we're busy，we're important;if we're not busy，we're almost embarrassed to admit it( 这已经成为一个人社会身份的标志了:如果我们非常忙碌，就说明我们非常重要;如果不忙碌，我们几乎羞于承认这一点? Being busy is where we get our security(It's validating，popular，and pleasing( 忙碌给人安全感，也是一种证明，说明你受欢迎、与人友善。 It's also a good excuse for not dealing with the first things in our lives( 同时它也是一个很好的借口，我们以此来为自己辩白为什么不去做生活中那些首要事情。 Urgency addiction is a self-destructive behavior that temporarily(临时地、暂时地)fills the void created by unmet needs( 尽管紧迫的癖好能够暂时满足一些需求，但它是一种自我毁灭的行为。 And instead of meeting these needs，the tools and approaches of time management often feed the addiction( 时间管理的各种工具和方法往往助长人的这种癖好，而不是解决存在的问题， They keep us focused on daily ordering of the urgent( 它们使人的注意力集中于每天将这些紧迫的事情排序 。 第十二课 1、很多重要事情有助于实现我们的总目标，使生活更丰富更有意义。 Many important things contribute to our overall objectives and give meaning to life. 2、如果忽视这些事情，我们就会整日忙碌地喘不过气来，生活乱作一团。 If we ignore(不理睬) these things, we become buried(埋葬) alive. 3、紧迫给人制造重要的假象。 Urgency(紧急的事) creates the illusion(幻想) of importance. 4、很多重要事情由于耽误、计划不周或者事前预防不力而变得紧迫。 Many important activities become urgent(紧急的) through delay(耽误), or because we don’t do enough prevention(预防) and planning. (2006-4考过了) 5、真正意义上的休闲属于第二部分有价值的活动。 Recreation(娱乐) in its true sense is a valuable Part 11 activity. 6、快速区分两部分活动的途径是问问自己这件紧迫的事情是否有助于实现一个重要的目 标。 A quick way to differentiate(区分) between activities of the two part is to ask yourself if the urgent(紧迫的) activity contributes to an important objective. 7、你为什麽不根据从上面问题中得出的答案做事呢, Why don’t you do the things you have identified(鉴别) from the questions above? 8、你的大部分时间花在哪个部分, Where do you spend most of your time? 对比: 我们哪有时间消磨在网络上, Where are we going to get the time to live with the Web? 第160页 9、计划、准备和预防能够避免许多事情变得紧迫。 Planning, preparation(准备), and prevention(预防) keep many things from becoming urgent. 10、忽视该部分就会扩大第一部分的范围，增加压力和深层危机。 Ignoring this part feeds and enlarges(扩大) part I, creating stress(压力) and deeper crises(危险). Text B The Three Generations of Time Management三代时间管理理念 In our effort to close the gap between the clock and the compass in our lives， many of us turn to the field of "time management(" 在努力缩小现实与目标之间差距的时候，许多人都将目光投向时间管理领域: While just three decades ago there were fewer than a dozen significant(重大的;效果显著的; 具有特殊意义的;意味深长的)books on the subject， our most recent survey led us through well over a hundred books and hundreds of articles( 三十年前，这方面的著作寥寥数册，最近调查结果表明已经有一百多本专著，相关文章数 以百计。 It reflects something of a "popcorn phenomenon"，这便是"爆米花现象": with the increasing heat and pressure of the culture creating a rapidly exploding body of literature and tools( 随着文化的升温和文化压力的增大，相关文献和工具数量急剧增加。 In making this survey， we read，digested(整理)，and boiled down the information to(等于;归结为)three "generations" of time management( 这次调查过程中，我们阅读了大量材料，将其整理、分类，得出"三代"时间管理理念。 Each generation builds on the one before it and moves toward greater efficiency and contro1( 每一代理念都是建立在前一代基础之上的，并且朝着更加有效、更易控制的方向发展。 First Generation(第一代。 The first generation is based on "reminders"( 第一代是建立在"提醒"的基础之上的。 People try to keep track of things they want to do with their time— write the report，attend the meeting，fix the car，clean out the garage( 使用这种方法的人尽量自己想要做的事情——写报告、参加会议、修车、打扫车库。 This generation is characterized by simple notes and checklists( 该理念的特点是做一些简单的记录。 If you're in this generation， you carry these lists with you and refer to them，so you don't forget to do things( 如果你属于该类型，你会随身带着这些记录，不时拿出来看看，以确保没有忘记什么。 Hopefully(抱着希望地;如果顺利的话;如果运气好的话)，at the end of the day，you've accomplished many of the things that you set out to do and you can cheek them off your list( 运气好的话, 一天下来，你会完成很多要做的事情，这样就可以把它们从记录清单中删除。 If those tasks are not accomplished，you put them on your list for tomorrow( 如果这些事情还未完成，那把它们放入第二天的记录中。 Second Generation(第二代。 The second generation is one of "planning and preparation"( 第二代是"计划、准备"型， It's characterized (被动语态)by setting goals and planning ahead( People schedule future activities and events( 其特点是确定目标、事先计划安排好将来的活动。 If you're in this generation( you make appointments，write down commitments，identify deadlines( and note where meetings will be held( 如果你属于该类型，你会定好约会、记下承诺、标明最后期限,注明会议在何处举行。 You may even keep this in the computer or the network( 你还可能将所有这些存入计算机或者网络。 Third Generation(第三代。 The third generation approach is "planning，ordering，and controlling"( 第三代时间管理法是"计划、排序、控制"法。 If you're in this generation(you've probably spent some time clarifying your values and priorities( 你若属于该类，你一定已经花了一些时间来理清你的价值观，并将它们排序。 You've asked yourself，"What do I want ?" 你也一定问过自己"我想得到什么?" You've set long-(Medium-(and short-range goals to obtain these values( 并且确立了长期、中期和短期目标，来实现这些价值。 You order your activities on a daily basis( 你在日常生活的基础上将这些活动排序。 This generation is characterized by a wide variety of planning and organizing forms( 该管理法的特点是计划、组织的多样性。 In some ways， these three generations of time management have brought us a long way toward increased effectiveness in our lives( 某种程度上，这三代时间管理理念已经使我们的生活效率大有提高。 Such things as efficiency，planning，ordering，values clarification，and goal setting have made a significant difference( 诸如效率、计划、排序、价值分类、确立目标等已经使生活大有改观。 But for most people the gap remains between what's deeply important to them and the way they spend their time( 但是对大多数人来说，重要的事情和度日方式之间仍然存在差距。 In many cases，things are getting worse( 很多情况下，事情变得更糟糕。 “We're getting more done in less time，”people are saying，“how could we justify that we're doing what matters most and doing it well?” 人们说:“我们在越来越短的时间内做越来越多的事情，怎样才能证明所做的事情是重要的，我们做得很出色呢?” One thing is for sure: if we keep doing what we're doing, we're going to keep getting what we're getting( 有一件事情是明确的:如果继续做现在所做的事情，我们得到的也将是目前所得到的。 One definition of insanity is "to keep doing the same things and expect different results(" ''不可理喻"的一种解释方法是:"做同样的事情却希望得到不同的结果"。 If time management were the answer，surely the sheer abundance of good ideas would have made a big difference by now( 如果时间管理法能够解决问题，那至今这些层出不穷的好主意应该已经奏效。 But we find that concerns about quality of life are just as likely to come from someone with a high level of time management training as from someone without it( 但是，我们发现受过高等时间管理训练的人对生活质量的关注与未受过训练的人相差无几。 Time management—especially the third generation—sounds good( 时间管理--尤其是第三代理念，听起来非常不错。 It gives the promise of achievement，a sense of hope( 它使我们满怀希望，期待有所成就。 But it doesn't work(但它不见得奏效。 For many people，the third generation approach feels strict and impractical( 对很多人来说，第三代管理法太刻板、不现实。 The first thing many do when they get ready to go on vacation is to leave their planners—the symbols of the third generation—at home! 很多人准备度假的时候，要做的头一件事就是把自己的工作计划留在家里。而这些计划恰 恰是第三代管理法的标志。 There's clearly a need for a fourth generation—one that embraces all the strengths of generations l，2，and 3，but wipes out the weaknesses and moves beyond( 显然我们需要第四代时间管理理念，一代包含了前三代理念的所有优点，去除其弱点，并且超越前三代的时间管理理念。 This requires a fundamental break with less effective ways of thinking and doing( 这需要我们与低效率的思维、行为方式彻底决裂。 More than an evolution，we need a revolution( 这不仅仅是渐进，我们要进行变革， We need to move beyond time management to life leadership—to a fourth generation based on paradigms that will create quality-of-life results( 我们要超越时间管理，领导生活， 得出第四代时间管理理念，利用一些图表创造高质量的生活。