[教学]基于at89s51的数字电子琴

[教学]基于at89s51的数字电子琴 基于AT89S51的数字电子琴,,,,, 1(,,,,,实验任务,,,,, (1(,,,,,由4X4组成16个按钮矩阵，设计成16个音。,,,,, (2(,,,,,可随意弹奏想要达的音乐。,,,,, 2(,,,,,电路原理图,,,,, 图4.22.1,,,,, 3(,,,,,系统板硬件连线,,,,, (1(,,,,,把“单片机系统”区域中的P1.0端口用导线连接到“音频放大模 块”区域中的SPK,,,,,IN端口上;,,,,, (2(,,,,,把“单片机系统“区域中的P3.0,P3.7端口用8芯排线连接到“4X4 行列式键盘”区域中的C1,C4 R1,R4端口上;,,,,, 4(,,,,,相关程序内容,,,,, (1(,,,,,4X4行列式键盘识别;,,,,, (2(,,,,,音乐产生的;,,,,, 一首音乐是许多不同的音阶组成的，而每个音阶对应着不同的频率，这样我们就可以利用不同的频率的组合，即可构成我们所想要的音乐了，当然对于单片机来产生不同的频率非常方便，我们可以利用单片机的定时/计数器T0来产生这样方波频率信号，因此，我们只要把一首歌曲的音阶对应频率关系弄正确即可。现在以单片机12MHZ晶振为例，例出高中低音符与单片机计数T0相关的计数值如下表所示,,,,, 音符 频率简谱码 音符 频率简谱码 (HZ) (T值) (HZ) (T值) 低1 DO 262 63628 #,,,,,4,,,,,FA# 740 64860 #1 DO# 277 63731 中,,,,,5,,,,,SO 784 64898 低2 RE 294 63835 #,,,,,5,,,,,SO# 831 64934 #2,,,,,RE# 311 63928 中,,,,,6,,,,,LA 880 64968 低,,,,,3,,,,,M 330 64021 #,,,,,6 932 64994 低,,,,,4,,,,,FA 349 64103 中,,,,,7,,,,,SI 988 65030 #,,,,,4,,,,,FA# 370 64185 高,,,,,1,,,,,DO 1046 65058 低,,,,,5,,,,,SO 392 64260 #,,,,,1,,,,,DO# 1109 65085 #,,,,,5,,,,,SO# 415 64331 高,,,,,2,,,,,RE 1175 65110 低,,,,,6,,,,,LA 440 64400 #,,,,,2,,,,,RE# 1245 65134 #,,,,,6 466 64463 高,,,,,3,,,,,M 1318 65157 低,,,,,7,,,,,SI 494 64524 高,,,,,4,,,,,FA 1397 65178 中,,,,,1,,,,,DO 523 64580 #,,,,,4,,,,,FA# 1480 65198 #,,,,,1,,,,,DO# 554 64633 高,,,,,5,,,,,SO 1568 65217 中,,,,,2,,,,,RE 587 64684 #,,,,,5,,,,,SO# 1661 65235 #,,,,,2,,,,,RE# 622 64732 高,,,,,6,,,,,LA 1760 65252 中,,,,,3,,,,,M 659 64777 #,,,,,6 1865 65268 中,,,,,4,,,,,FA 698 64820 高,,,,,7,,,,,SI 1967 65283 下面我们要为这个音符建立一个，有助于单片机通过查表的方式来获得相应的数据,,,,, 低音0,19之间，中音在20,39之间，高音在40,59之间,,,,, TABLE:,,,,,DW,,,,,0,63628,63835,64021,64103,64260,64400,64524,0,0,,,,, DW,,,,,0,63731,63928,0,64185,64331,64463,0,0,0,,,,, DW,,,,,0,64580,64684,64777,64820,64898,64968,65030,0,0,,,,, DW,,,,,0,64633,64732,0,64860,64934,64994,0,0,0,,,,, DW,,,,,0,65058,65110,65157,65178,65217,65252,65283,0,0,,,,, DW,,,,,0,65085,65134,0,65198,65235,65268,0,0,0,,,,, DW,,,,,0,,,,, 2、音乐的音拍，一个节拍为单位(C调),,,,, 曲调值 DELAY 曲调值 DELAY 调4/4 125ms 调4/4 62ms 调3/4 187ms 调3/4 94ms 调2/4 250ms 调2/4 125ms 对于不同的曲调我们也可以用单片机的另外一个定时/计数器来完成。,,,,, 下面就用AT89S51单片机产生一首“生日快乐”歌曲来说明单片机如何产生 的。,,,,, 在这个程序中用到了两个定时/计数器来完成的。其中T0用来产生音符频率，T1 用来产生音拍。,,,,, 5(,,,,,程序框图,,,,, 图4.22.2,,,,, 6(,,,,,汇编源程序 KEYBUF,,,,,EQU,,,,,30H STH0,,,,,EQU,,,,,31H STL0,,,,,EQU,,,,,32H TEMP,,,,,EQU,,,,,33H ORG,,,,,00H LJMP,,,,,START ORG,,,,,0BH LJMP,,,,,INT_T0 START:,,,,,MOV,,,,,TMOD,#01H SETB,,,,,ET0 SETB,,,,,EA WAIT: MOV,,,,,P3,#0FFH CLR,,,,,P3.4 MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JZ,,,,,NOKEY1 LCALL,,,,,DELY10MS MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JZ,,,,,NOKEY1 MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH CJNE,,,,,A,#0EH,NK1 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#0 LJMP,,,,,DK1 NK1:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#0DH,NK2 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#1 LJMP,,,,,DK1 NK2:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#0BH,NK3 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#2 LJMP,,,,,DK1 NK3:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#07H,NK4 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#3 LJMP,,,,,DK1 NK4:,,,,,NOP DK1: MOV,,,,,A,KEYBUF MOV,,,,,DPTR,#TABLE MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,P0,A MOV,,,,,A,KEYBUF MOV,,,,,B,#2 MUL,,,,,AB MOV,,,,,TEMP,A MOV,,,,,DPTR,#TABLE1 MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,STH0,A MOV,,,,,TH0,A INC,,,,,TEMP MOV,,,,,A,TEMP MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,STL0,A MOV,,,,,TL0,A SETB,,,,,TR0 DK1A:,,,,,MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JNZ,,,,,DK1A CLR,,,,,TR0 NOKEY1: MOV,,,,,P3,#0FFH CLR,,,,,P3.5 MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JZ,,,,,NOKEY2 LCALL,,,,,DELY10MS MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JZ,,,,,NOKEY2 MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH CJNE,,,,,A,#0EH,NK5 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#4 LJMP,,,,,DK2 NK5:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#0DH,NK6 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#5 LJMP,,,,,DK2 NK6:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#0BH,NK7 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#6 LJMP,,,,,DK2 NK7:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#07H,NK8 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#7 LJMP,,,,,DK2 NK8:,,,,,NOP DK2: MOV,,,,,A,KEYBUF MOV,,,,,DPTR,#TABLE MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,P0,A MOV,,,,,A,KEYBUF MOV,,,,,B,#2 MUL,,,,,AB MOV,,,,,TEMP,A MOV,,,,,DPTR,#TABLE1 MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,STH0,A MOV,,,,,TH0,A INC,,,,,TEMP MOV,,,,,A,TEMP MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,STL0,A MOV,,,,,TL0,A SETB,,,,,TR0 DK2A:,,,,,MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JNZ,,,,,DK2A CLR,,,,,TR0 NOKEY2: MOV,,,,,P3,#0FFH CLR,,,,,P3.6 MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JZ,,,,,NOKEY3 LCALL,,,,,DELY10MS MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JZ,,,,,NOKEY3 MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH CJNE,,,,,A,#0EH,NK9 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#8 LJMP,,,,,DK3 NK9:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#0DH,NK10 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#9 LJMP,,,,,DK3 NK10:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#0BH,NK11 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#10 LJMP,,,,,DK3 NK11:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#07H,NK12 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#11 LJMP,,,,,DK3 NK12:,,,,,NOP DK3: MOV,,,,,A,KEYBUF MOV,,,,,DPTR,#TABLE MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,P0,A MOV,,,,,A,KEYBUF MOV,,,,,B,#2 MUL,,,,,AB MOV,,,,,TEMP,A MOV,,,,,DPTR,#TABLE1 MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,STH0,A MOV,,,,,TH0,A INC,,,,,TEMP MOV,,,,,A,TEMP MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,STL0,A MOV,,,,,TL0,A SETB,,,,,TR0 DK3A:,,,,,MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JNZ,,,,,DK3A CLR,,,,,TR0 NOKEY3: MOV,,,,,P3,#0FFH CLR,,,,,P3.7 MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JZ,,,,,NOKEY4 LCALL,,,,,DELY10MS MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JZ,,,,,NOKEY4 MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH CJNE,,,,,A,#0EH,NK13 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#12 LJMP,,,,,DK4 NK13:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#0DH,NK14 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#13 LJMP,,,,,DK4 NK14:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#0BH,NK15 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#14 LJMP,,,,,DK4 NK15:,,,,,CJNE,,,,,A,#07H,NK16 MOV,,,,,KEYBUF,#15 LJMP,,,,,DK4 NK16:,,,,,NOP DK4: MOV,,,,,A,KEYBUF MOV,,,,,DPTR,#TABLE MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,P0,A MOV,,,,,A,KEYBUF MOV,,,,,B,#2 MUL,,,,,AB MOV,,,,,TEMP,A MOV,,,,,DPTR,#TABLE1 MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,STH0,A MOV,,,,,TH0,A INC,,,,,TEMP MOV,,,,,A,TEMP MOVC,,,,,A,@A+DPTR MOV,,,,,STL0,A MOV,,,,,TL0,A SETB,,,,,TR0 DK4A:,,,,,MOV,,,,,A,P3 ANL,,,,,A,#0FH XRL,,,,,A,#0FH JNZ,,,,,DK4A CLR,,,,,TR0 NOKEY4: LJMP,,,,,WAIT DELY10MS: MOV,,,,,R6,#10 D1:,,,,,MOV,,,,,R7,#248 DJNZ,,,,,R7,$ DJNZ,,,,,R6,D1 RET INT_T0: MOV,,,,,TH0,STH0 MOV,,,,,TL0,STL0 CPL,,,,,P1.0 RETI TABLE:,,,,,DB,,,,,3FH,06H,5BH,4FH,66H,6DH,7DH,07H DB,,,,,7FH,6FH,77H,7CH,39H,5EH,79H,71H TABLE1:,,,,,DW,,,,,64021,64103,64260,64400 DW,,,,,64524,64580,64684,64777 DW,,,,,64820,64898,64968,65030 DW,,,,,65058,65110,65157,65178 END 7(,,,,,C语言源程序 #include,,,,, unsigned,,,,,char,,,,,code,,,,,table[]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f, 0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07, 0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c, 0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71}; unsigned,,,,,char,,,,,temp; unsigned,,,,,char,,,,,key; unsigned,,,,,char,,,,,i,j; unsigned,,,,,char,,,,,STH0; unsigned,,,,,char,,,,,STL0; unsigned,,,,,int,,,,,code,,,,,tab[]={64021,64103,64260,64400, 64524,64580,64684,64777, 64820,64898,64968,65030, 65058,65110,65157,65178}; void,,,,,main(void) { TMOD=0x01; ET0=1; EA=1; while(1) { P3=0xff; P3_4=0; temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; if,,,,,(temp!=0x0f) { for(i=50;i>0;i--) for(j=200;j>0;j--); temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; if,,,,,(temp!=0x0f) { temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; switch(temp) { case,,,,,0x0e: key=0; break; case,,,,,0x0d: key=1; break; case,,,,,0x0b: key=2; break; case,,,,,0x07: key=3; break; } temp=P3; P1_0=~P1_0; P0=table[key]; STH0=tab[key]/256; STL0=tab[key]%256; TR0=1; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; while(temp!=0x0f) { temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; } TR0=0; } } P3=0xff; P3_5=0; temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; if,,,,,(temp!=0x0f) { for(i=50;i>0;i--) for(j=200;j>0;j--); temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; if,,,,,(temp!=0x0f) { temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; switch(temp) { case,,,,,0x0e: key=4; break; case,,,,,0x0d: key=5; break; case,,,,,0x0b: key=6; break; case,,,,,0x07: key=7; break; } temp=P3; P1_0=~P1_0; P0=table[key]; STH0=tab[key]/256; STL0=tab[key]%256; TR0=1; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; while(temp!=0x0f) { temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; } TR0=0; } } P3=0xff; P3_6=0; temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; if,,,,,(temp!=0x0f) { for(i=50;i>0;i--) for(j=200;j>0;j--); temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; if,,,,,(temp!=0x0f) { temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; switch(temp) { case,,,,,0x0e: key=8; break; case,,,,,0x0d: key=9; break; case,,,,,0x0b: key=10; break; case,,,,,0x07: key=11; break; } temp=P3; P1_0=~P1_0; P0=table[key]; STH0=tab[key]/256; STL0=tab[key]%256; TR0=1; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; while(temp!=0x0f) { temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; } TR0=0; } } P3=0xff; P3_7=0; temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; if,,,,,(temp!=0x0f) { for(i=50;i>0;i--) for(j=200;j>0;j--); temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; if,,,,,(temp!=0x0f) { temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; switch(temp) { case,,,,,0x0e: key=12; break; case,,,,,0x0d: key=13; break; case,,,,,0x0b: key=14; break; case,,,,,0x07: key=15; break; } temp=P3; P1_0=~P1_0; P0=table[key]; STH0=tab[key]/256; STL0=tab[key]%256; TR0=1; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; while(temp!=0x0f) { temp=P3; temp=temp,,,,,&,,,,,0x0f; } TR0=0; } } } } void,,,,,t0(void),,,,,interrupt,,,,,1,,,,,using,,,,,0 { TH0=STH0; TL0=STL0; P1_0=~P1_0; }