齐鲁工业大学英语4重修题库

齐鲁工业大学英语4重修题库 Directions: In this part, you have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. for question s 1—7, choose the best answer form the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8—10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The Tricky Business of Halloween Sunday In the United States, every October brings a boom of carved pumpkins, smiling ghosts, and witches(巫婆)riding on brooms. Halloween certainly stands out from the rest of the festivals we observe throughout the year: it’sfulloffrightening ghost stories, elaborate costumes and strange games. Trick or treat is a customary practice for children on Halloween. Children in costumes, either in large groups or accompanied by an adult, travel from house to house in order to ask for treats such as candy or money with the question―Trick or treat?‖. The―trick‖isathreat to perform joke on the homeowners or their property if no treat is given. 1. On the last day of October, in America will celeb_____rate_‎‎ A) Thanksgiving Day B) Christmas Day C) Halloween Day D) Election Day 2. Why is this Oct.31 NOT so simple? A) Residents in some cities want to preserve the purity of the Christian. B) Some cities will hold college football matches that will attract many audiences. C) People in America are excited about the best day to dress up. D) Some cities want to change the date to celebrate Halloween for different reasons. 3. According to Otis S. Johnson, which one is NOT the reason for Savannah’schanging the celebrating time? A) Sunday is the church day for Christians in Savannah. B) Sunday is a school night. C) The date for this Halloween is not convenient for people’sdaily life. D) Johnson is a lifelong resident in this city. 4. By saying―Mr. Johnson’sreasoning was not good enough‖, Tom Barton means that ______ A) Saturday night is always the worst night for everyone. B) It is not a good idea to change the time to Saturday. C) Adults will go to a party on Saturday to relax. D) The governors always neglect the will of residents. 5. According to Mike Dunlap, Oklahoma changes the celebrating time because ______ A) They will prepare for the selection on the following Monday B) They have a top level football team to join in the match. C) They send a letter to American Civil Liberties Union. D) A lot of people go to church on Sunday night. 6. What is the influence of the Florida-Georgia football game in Jacksonville? A) City Councilman Don Redman withdrew the resolution. B) Residents are going to trick or treat on Saturday. C) The college football rankings are taken into account. D) People in the city will celebrate Halloween ahead of time. 7. Why does the author quote ―LucyRule”here? A) Linus Rule is obvious not suitable for the situation.. B) There should be nothing to change the celebrating day. C) Atown’spopulation should be taken into account. D) Linus Rule had been violated by the governors. 8. According to Mayor George Patterson there will be 100.000 people in Oxford on Saturday because of ______ the football matches 9. Jon Butler, who teaches religion at Yale points out that moving the date might offend still other ______ religious groups 1 大学英语(4)重学练习题 10. For the U.S. people, Halloween ______ with Christmas and New Year. ranks right up there Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Sleep restores the body and the mind and helps prevent diseases by 47 the immune system. However, many adults do not get the recommended eight hours of sleep each night. The average adult gets only 6.4 hours of sleep. A significant of people work at night, work long shifts, or 48 from insomnia (失眠症). Others are deprived (剥夺) of sleep because they work too hard, stay out too late, or try to do too many things in a day. Adults who regularly sleep six hours or less might think they accomplish 49 by staying up late, but they 50 for it the next day when they feel sleepy or irritable or are 51 to concentrate, remember things, or be very effective at their work. Studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep a night can do harm to short-term memory, reaction time, and judgment, thus 52 a serious risk of accident or injury. In one study of drivers, researchers reported that sleep deprivation had some of the same 53 effects of being drunk. The study also found that 16 to 60 percent of road accidents involves sleep deprivation. The researchers 54 that countries with drunk driving laws should consider similar restrictions against sleep-deprived driving. There are other problems 55 with sleep deprivation. Drivers who get little sleep may have higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression, may take unnecessary risks. The dangers of sleep deprivation go far beyond the obvious risks and can, in fact, undermine all areas of an individual’sphysical and 56 health. A) unable I) associated‎‎ B) posing J) performance C) emotional K) more D) hazardous L) concluded E) caused M) required F) F) pay N) suffer G) G) hindering O) mental H) strengthening Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Most people with allergies consider them a nuisance at best while more serious cases can be life-threatening, the scientists now claim that they have an upside. Hay fever and eczema(湿疹) could beyourbody’sdefense against cancer. Allergy symptoms, like sneezing or a runny nose, get rid of foreign particles in the air, which may be capable of causing cancer, the researchers say. They may also act as a warning that alerts us to know when there are damaging substances in the air that should be avoided. In fact, lead researchers Paul Sherman, from Cornell University in New York, and his team warned that taking drugs to suppress allergies could be a bad idea. 57. What is most allergic patients’attitude toward allergies? 2 大学英语(4)重学练习题 A) They show great fear of allergies. B) They are unconcerned about allergies. C) They show strong dislike for allergies. D) They see allergies as something threatening life. 58. Sherman thinks it harmful to use drugs to restrict allergies because _______ A) These drugs themselves have bad influence on our bodies. B) Some allergy symptoms can eliminate harmful substance. C) There are no drugs which can suppress allergies. D) Allergies can help us to cure cancers. 59. It can be seen from the results of Shermanandhisteam’sexperiment that _______ A) People free of cancer had more allergies. C) Cancer patients were more likely to have allergies B) People free of cancer had fewer allergies. D) The relevant previous studies were convincing. 60. What kind of cancer has little connection with allergies? A) skin cancer B) breast cancer C) nose cancer D) stomach cancer 61. According to what Sherman told The Quarterly Review of Biology, people generally believe that _______ A) The work of Sherman and his team will stimulate people’sinterest in allergies B) Allergic reactions can be turned off with more harm than good. C) Allergies can be prevented without doing harm to the body D) Allergies only occur to those whose immune system is in order Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. With American Midterm Election over, some Americans are a little nervous about the nation’sfuture. But others feel secure, knowing the man they consider the most powerful in the world isn’tgoing anywhere. Just who is this behind –the-scene guy they think has more power than George W. Bush ever will? He’sAlanGreenspan, a 74-year-old expert economist who heads the Federal Reserve, commonly known as the Fed. . 62. The reason why people have faith in Greenspan is that _______. A) He is more powerful than the president in U.S. B) He is the chairman of the Fed. C) He is a great expert economist. D) His words influence personal consumption. 63. Compared with the president, Greenspan doesn’thaveanyobligation to _______. A) answer everyone’squestion. B) explains his actions or decisions to everyone C) compromise with everyone D) take government measures to stabilize the economy 64. If American economy is beginning to contract, what would Greenspan probably do? A) He would decrease the money supply. B) He would discourage people to spend or borrow money. C) He would arrange the Fed to supply more money. D) He would floor the gas pedal suddenly to start the economy car. 65. What does the author mean by saying―Andsince Greenspan has his foot on the gas pedal‖(Para.5)? A) He has the final say on the American economic growth. B) He knows when to start or stop a car. C) He will steer the economy through difficult times. D) He will try every means to lead the economy into a soft landing. 3 大学英语(4)重学练习题 66. According to the passage, the main task of Greenspan is to ________. A) offer a fresh perspective on U.S. economy B) maintain the stability of U.S. economy C) ease the economic inflation D) end the economic slowdown Part ? Cloze (15minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B). C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining customers. It sounds reassuring, simple and 67 . But in reality, words of 68 are soon forgotten in a short time. 69 companies have attracted customers, they often 70 the second half of the equation. In the 71 of beating off the competition, 72 price, securing orders, and delivering the product, 73 tend to become carried away. They 74 what they regard as the humdrum(无聊的) side of business – 75 that the customer remains a customer. Failing to concentrate on retaining as well as 76 customers costs business huge amounts of money 77 . It has been estimated that the average company 78 between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. In 79 changing markets, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that 80 companies have any idea how many customers they have lost. The logic behind 81 customer loyalty is impossible to 82 . Research suggests that there is a high degree of correlation between customer retention and 83 . Established customers tend to buy more, and they are 84 and usually cost less to serve than new customers. 85 , they tend to be less price sensitive, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it difficult for competitors to enter a market or increase their 86 of a market. Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining customers. It sounds reassuring, simple and 67 . But in reality, words of 68 are soon forgotten in a short time. 69 companies have attracted customers, they often 70 the second half of the equation. In the 71 of beating off the competition, 72 price, securing orders, and delivering the produ tend to becomct, 73 e carried away. They 74 what they regard as the humdrum(无聊的) side of business – 75 that the customer remains a customer. Failing to concentrate on retaining as well as 76 customers costs business huge amounts of money 77 . It has been estimated that the average company 78 between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. In 79 changing markets, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that 80 companies have any idea how many customers they have lost. The logic behind 81 customer loyalty is impossible to 82 . Research suggests that there is a high degree of correlation between customer retention and 83 . Established customers tend to buy more, and they are 84 and usually cost less to serve than new customers. 85 , they tend to be less price sensitive, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it difficult for competitors to enter a market or increase their 86 of a market. 67. A) academic B) tedious C) achievable D) neutral 68. A) authority B) community C)media D) wisdom 69. A) Once B) If C) Although D) Because 70. A) alter B) overlook C) suspect D) preserve 71. A) excitement B) amusement C) environment D) investment 72. A) calculating B) promising C) negotiating D) acquiring 73. A) managers B) agents C) officials D) customers 74. A) emphasize B) forget C) cancel D) encounter 75. A) arguing B) illustrating C) imagining D) ensuring 4 大学英语(4)重学练习题 76. A) imitating B) measuring C) attracting D) occupying 77. A) annually B) periodically C) proportionally D) rationally 78. A) reckons B) loses C) satisfies D) benefits 79. A) considerably B) consistently C) consequently D) constantly 80. A) few B) certain C) some D) several 81. A) discovering B) cultivating C) defining D) estimating 82. A) disprove B) disturb C) discard D) dispute 83. A) literature B) insurance C) profit D) management 84. A) predictable B) miserable C) remarkable D) acceptable 85. A) So B) Nevertheless C) Whatever D) Furthermore 86. A) affection B) basic C) share D) collection Part ? Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Completing the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in blankets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. If you want to improve your spoken English, ____________________(不要担心被别人笑话) 88. Had he understood the problem, ____________________(他就不会犯那些错误). 89. Since its opening in 1990, ___________________(这家餐厅吸引了很多来自全世界的旅客) 90. Either the physicians or the administrator____________________(要为这场事故负责任) 91. _______(尽管在语法、发音、拼写上有所不同),we belong to the international English speaking world. Model Test Two Part ? Writing (30 minutes) Directions: In this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Can We Encourage Students’Creativity? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1 学生的创造力逐渐被磨灭，我们需要正视这个问题 2 如何提高学生的创造力，方法包括…… 3 做出，坚持提高学生的创造力 Part? Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. for question s 1—7, choose the best answer form the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8—10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. 5 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Laughter's Link to Health May Be in the Blood According to the Bible, ―Amerry heart doeth good like a medicine.‖Now, modern science may be validating that Old Testament proverb -- a good laugh may actually help fend off heart attacks and strokes. ―Webelieve laughing is good for your health,‖saidMichael Miller of the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, who led the research. ―Andwethink we have evidencetoshowwhythat'sthecase.‖ 1 The statement―Amerry heart doeth good like a medicine‖isusedtoprove that ___________. A) The Old Testament proverb is already out of date B) A good laugh may act ally benefit our health. C) We should read the Bible instead of taking medicine. D) We should keep a good feeling when we read the Bible. 2. By saying―Whynotlookattheopposite?‖Michael Miller and his colleagues meant to _________. A) study whether positive emotions can reduce illness. B) examine the ability of blood vessels to expand C) focus on the negative aspects and neglect the opposite ones D) measure how the blood vessels are functioning 3. Why did Michael Miller ask 20 healthy men and women to watch thefilm―Saving PrivateRyan‖and―Kingpin‖? A) They reported at a meeting of the American College of Cardiology. B) They focus on the effects of the negative emotions on health. C) He wanted to use the two films to make the subjects relax. D) They were two different films to help them finish the research. 4. According to Michael Miller, volunteers who watchedthefilm―Saving PrivateRyan‖felt________ A) discouraged B) depressed C) puzzled D) delighted 5. According to Lee Berk, laughter may also use similar mechanisms to ________ A) make a reduced risk of a lot of health problems B) help boost the immune system and reduce the inflammation C) cure someone from stage three cancers and do preventions D) release chemicals to make blood vessels become wider 6. Herbert Benson ,who studies emotions and health at Harvard Medical School, believe that ________. A) There is no importance of the mind-body relationship. B) We only have to look towards how to reduce stress. C) We have to find out how we can produce positive feelings. D) The findings add new insights into the interplay of emotions and health. 7. Robert Provine was somewhat more cautious because__________. A) The researchers did careless measurement. B) It couldn’tbetheresult of watching the movie. C) There was something interesting that caused stress. D) There was still something unclear in the research. 8. It remains unclear whether the act of laughter was really at work in the movie-watching volunteers, sinces did the researchernot do an actual___________. 9. Miller believes that probably a good belly laugh will be better than just smiling because __________helps release pleasure-producing chemicals. 10. Miller imagines a time when doctors might recommend everyone get 15 to 20 minutes of laughter a day just as they recommend_______________ of daily exercise. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. People playing computer games to train their brains might as well be playing Super Mario, a new research suggests. In a six-week study, experts found people who played online games designed to improve their cognitive (认知) skill didn’tbecome 47 . Researchers 48 people from viewersoftheBBC’sscienceshow―BangGoestheTheory‖. More than 8,600 people aged 18 to 60 were asked to play online brain games designed by the researchers to impro, reasove their‎‎ 49 ning and other 6 大学英语(4)重学练习题 skills for at least 10 minutes a day, three times a week. They were 50 to more than 2,700 peoplewhodidn’tplayanybrain games, but spent a similar amount of time surfing the Internet and answering general knowledge questions. All 51 were given a sort of IQ test before and after the experiment. Researchers said the people who did the brain trainingdidn’tdoanybetter on the test after six weeks than people who had 52 been on the Internet. In some sections of the test, people who surfed the net score than thosed 53 playing the games. The study was paid by the BBC and 54 online on Tuesday by the journal Nature. fine,‖saidAdrian Owen, assistant director of the ―Ifyou’replaying these games becausethey’refun,that’s55 Cognition and Brain Sciences unit at Britain’sMedical Research Council, the study’sleadauthor.―Butifyou’re 56 (these games) to improve your IQ, our data suggeststhisisn’tthecase,‖hesaidduring a press-briefing on Tuesday. A) memory F) compared K) absolutely‎‎ B) simply G) carefully L) appeared C) collecting H) smarter M)worse D) citizen I)published N)recruited E) expecting J)higher O) participants Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. It is given in American life that goals are inseparable from accomplishments. Among psychologists, the link between setting goals and achievement is one of the clearest that we concentrate better, work longer and do more if we set specific, m Although simple numerical goals can lead to bursts of intense effort in the short term, they can also undermine the longer-term interests of a person or a company. In work requiring a certain amount of creativity and judgment, the greatest risk appears to lie in overly simplified goal. 57. What is advantage of setting goals? A) It can make us feel more conscious. C) It can make us work harder and longer. B) We can do many things at a time. D) We should accomplish more things. 58. It can be inferred from the underlined sentence of Paragraph 3 that ________. A) Goal setting is more like an over-the-counter medication. B) Goal setting is more like a prescription-strength medication. C) Goal setting is very dangerous and exciting. D) Goal setting needs more caution. 59. Whatdoestheword―intrinsic‖(Paragraph5, Sentence 1) probably mean? A) Instinctive B) Original C) Inborn D) Great 60. What should we do to ensure that goals can be achieved effectively? A) We should set simple goals. C) We should set numerical goals. B) We should pursue the goals with rewards. D) We should have creativity and judgment. 61. Which is the rational way to achieve specific, measurable goals? A) Mechanics make unnecessary repairs to achieve the sales goals. B) Students work hard to enter a good university. C) Engineers work with invaluable research only for more patents. D) Students cheat in the examination to attain good marks. Passage Two 7 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Mark Ramirez, a senior executive at AOL, could work in the most comfortable leather chair, if he wanted. No, thanks. He prefers to stand most of the day at a desk raised above stomach level. ―I’vegotmyknees bent, I feel totally alive, ‖hesaid, ―Itfeels more natured to stand.‖ Not so fast, other experts say. Standing too much at work will cause more long-term back injuries. Incidences of varicose veins (静脉曲张) among women will increase. The heart will have to pump more. Hedge, the Cornell professor, isn’tafanofall this standing. The key, he said, is movement, not standing. 62. Why does Mark Ramirez like to stand most of the day? A) His chair is not comfortable. B) There is something wrong with his knees. C) He will feel sleepy when he sits on the chair. D) It is more natural and alive for him to stand. 63. Why do many people like to stand at work? A) They can concentrate better. C) Generals like to stand at work. B) They will feel more respectable. D) They can exercise their bodies. 64. What can infer from the underlined sentence (Paragraph 5) that ___________. A) Those who sit seven hours a day are healthier than those who sit two hours. B) Those who sit five hours a day are healthier than those who sit four hours. C) Those who sit short hours are more likely to die than those who sit long hours. D) Those who sit short hours are healthier than those who sit long hours. 65. What is the bad effect of standing too much at work? A) Higher rates of diabetes among men. C) Higher rates of varicose veins among women. B) Higher rates of overweight among the old .D) Higher rates of death among children. 66. What is the result of the debate? A) Doctors won as they show long-hour of sitting can cause many diseases. B) Experts won as they point the key is movement, not standing. C) The debate had no conclusion though both sides put forward their views. D) The debate end in a tie as both sides gave sufficient reasons. Part ? Cloze (15minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B). C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. What is globalization,Globalization means to look at the whole world as one 67 . Many economists from al over the world have 68 the following key contributors to globalization: free movement of capital, this is the 69 of investment in all its 70 ; trade liberalization, with the lowering of trade; reduc 71 tion in telecommunications and computing 72 (the cost of a 3-minute phone call from New York to London in the 1930s was $300 in today’smoney. There is more computing power in the 73 wrist watch today than there was in all the world’s 74 e in the 1950s). There are some 75 useful for global corporation managers, Even in a company that 76 within one country, there is often to 77 ideas from outside, the not 78 here syndrome(综合症);and with branch companies in many countries, this becomes even more of a 79 , because it is compounded by cross-cultural issues and poten . tial 80 Developing international teams of managers in 81 like this is a challenge. A 82 like Coca-Cola has been 83 the fizzy(气泡的)drink market in almost every country. One of the 84 is Scotland, and their marketing specialists are trying to find out why their peopledon’tlikeCoca-Cola. Some of them attribute it to the 85 , just like Frenchmen prefer top-loading washing machines 86 he rest of Europeans prefer front-loading ones. 8 大学英语(4)重学练习题 67. A) community B) market C) residence D) village 68. A) recognized B) identified C) modified D) paved 69. A) fuel B) peak C) realm D) source 70. A) services B) trades C) budgets D) forms 71. A) barrier B) capital C) deception D) efficiency 72. A) employment B) fare C) cost D) hedge 73. A) historic B) memorial C) peculiar D) average 74. A) batteries B) satellites C) computers D) radiations 75. A) implications B) devices C) necessities D) disciplines 76. A) splits B) transforms C) expands D) operates 77. A) resistance B) discrimination C) attitude D) offence 78. A) stimulated B) invented C) isolated D) captured 79. A) explosion B) scandal C) illusion D) problem 80. A) limitation B) emotion C) misunderstanding D) substitute 81. A) spot B) region C) environment D) mood 82. A) advertisement B) affair C) commerce D) brand 83. A) dominating B) defending C) concentrating D) exaggerating 84. A) examples B) experiences C) experiments D) exceptions 85. A) hardship B) independence C) tradition D) liberty 86. A) so B) while C) and D) when Part ? Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Completing the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in blankets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. We can read from his expression that ______________________(他没能去成感到非常失望). 88. _________________________ (如果她知道他的财务状况), she would have helped him out. 89. He seems to forget that ______________________(在他能够毕业之前还有事情需要做). 90. How to balance life and career, _______________________(这是我们一生都在做的选择). He is one of the greatest philosophers. ___________________(任何人都不能否认他的成就). 91. Model Test Three Part ? Writing (30 minut es) Directions: In this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should College Students Pay Costs by Their Own? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below 1. 有人持有这样的观点:大学生应该自己支付大学开支 2. 表述个人观点，我认为 3. 给出总结 9 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Part ?Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. for question s 1—7, choose the best answer form the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8—10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Exploring Popular Sleep Myths Every day almost every person on earth sleeps, yet many questions remain about this state of suspended consciousness and what it actually accomplishes. We still don't know why we need shut-eye every night, just that we do. Naps Can Help You Catch Up With Sleep While there's no substitute for a good night's sleep, naps may provide a short-term solution to daytime sleepiness if doled out (分发) properly. Avidan explained that power naps of 15 to 20 minutes in the early afternoon (1 to 3 p.m.) are best to help one feel refreshed. Longer naps, he said, exceeding 45 minutes, can do just the opposite. ―Thelonger you nap, the more likely you are to wake up from deep sleep,‖hesaid, leading you to feel confused and dizzy. Napping too late in the day can lead to insomnia, as it may shift your body's rhythms. ―Ifyousleep then, the tendency would be to get into the first deep sleep of the night from which you would wake dizzy and annoyed," said Cartwright. In the end, one of the biggest sleep myths may be that sleep is always a favorable and restf ul state. 1. By saying―it’smostcertainly individual‖, Dr. Robert Basner means that ______________. A) eight hours has been suggested as standard sleep time B) there’sageneral idea of how much sleep a person needs C) the best amount of sleep for a person is different D) everyone needs eight hours of sleep every night 2. A popular recommendation for deciding the amount of our sleep is that ___________. A) We have no idea of how much sleep we need B) Everyone of us makes up for lost sleep time C) We rob ourselves of sleep beforehand everyday D) The hours of sleep are the same as we have when on vacation 3. According to Philip Gehrman, if the patients fail to feel fully rested during the day, then ___. A) They must need more sleep during the night B) They should take some kind of sleeping test C) Trail and error is the only good method for them D) They should never buy an alarm clock 4. By―short sleepers‖, Philip Gehrman refers to those who __________. A) Get less than four hours C) Sleep for 6 or fewer hours 10 大学英语(4)重学练习题 B) Claim not to sleep during the night D) Claim they need almost no sleep 5. Philip Gehrman discovered from the observation of people in a sleep lab that _____ _____. A) The consciousness of these people is no longer retained B) Part of the brains of these people who claim not to sleep shut down C) They can still function well on sleeping one to two hours D) They can not function better if they are allowed to get more 6. According to Rosalind Cartwright, what problems will the people who sleep little experience? A) They will be unhealthy if they sleep two to four hours. B) They will crash into a deeper sleep the next morning. C) They will have an increasing risk of getting diabetes and stroke. D) They will be continually harmed during the night. 7. Rosalind Cartwright believes that some old people decline the number of hours of sleep because ___________. A) They feel difficult to get into catnaps during the day B) They may need as much sleep as those who are younger C) They have difficulty sustaining sleep as before D) They constantly wake up during the night. 8. Michael Perlis believes some defined difference exists in the amount of sleep between the older people and the people _______________. 9. Avidan explained that it is beneficial for people to take ____________ in the early afternoon. 10. According to Alon Avidan, longer naps will make a person feel ______________. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Differing roles in prehistoric times have evolved into differing shopping styles, the researchers believe. While women spent their days 47___ food often__ with children, men were hunters who made specific plans about how to catch and kill their prey. The two approaches about how we used to obtain food 48 how we shop in modern times, the study believes. He said women would spend hours trying to find the right outfit, present or object, because they had in the past spent ages trying to find the 49 giving foods. Men on the other hand, planned weeks anima 50 l they wanted to kill and then went looking for it. Professor Daniel Kruger of the University of Michigan said the study could be the answer to why there was so much 51 when couples shopped together. Prof Kruger decided to 52 the study after a winter holiday trip with friends across Europe. After 53 sleepy little villages and reaching Prague, the first thing the women wanted to do was shopping, Prof Kruger said, and the men could not understand why. ―Butthatisnotso54 if you're thinking about a gathering strategy,‖hesaid. Prof Kruger said on the other hand in prehistoric times men had to hunt for specific items which meant they had to be clinical in their approach like they are now with shopping. 11 大学英语(4)重学练习题 ―It's critical to get meat home as quickly as possible. Taking young children isn't safe in a hunt and would likely 55 progress.‖ Prof Kruger said if men and women understood each other's shopping strategies they could in the shop. avoid 56 A) conduct F) ruining K) ahead B) arguments G) quality L) conflict C) gathering H) approach M) reflect D) unreasonable I) hinder N) formally E) elegant J) ignore O) exploring Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Nowadays，more than 14 million people are practicing yoga(瑜伽)in America，up 136% since 2000. Over the past three years, 13,000 Americans were treated in an emergency room or a doctor’soffice for yoga-related injuries, according to the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Part of the problem is that increasingly, the people teaching yoga don’tknowenough about it. Yoga was traditionally taught one-on-one by an instructor over a period of years, but today instructors can lead a class after just a weekend course. ―Yogameans bringing together mind，body and spirit，but in Western yoga，we’veextracted it down to body,‖saysShana ―That’snotevenyogaanymore. If the goal is to look like Madonna, you’rebetter off Meyerson，an instructor in Los Angeles. running or swimming.‖ 57. According to Edward Toriello, some people are hurt by yoga because ______. A) They merely like practicing the simple actions of yoga B) Yoga is actually a very violent sport for most people to practice C) Most people practice merely yoga in weekends D) They mistake yoga as something easy and fail to practice gradually 58. Yoga was invented initially for the purpose of ________. A) making people more vigorous. C) helping people find the inward calmness B) helping people get rid of all diseases D) making people become slimmer 59. It can be seen from Paragraph 3 that the different changed forms of yoga ______. A) are rewarding for people to practice C) are completely welcomed by all people B) make some people practicing yoga amazing D) are very helpful to improve people’shealth 60. According to Shana Meyerson, a yoga instructor in Los Angeles, ______. A) people should pay more attention to mental practice of yoga. B) running and swimming are better to our health than practicing yoga C) Madonna prefers running and swimming to practicing yoga D) yoga is no longer beneficial to people’shealth nowadays 61. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______. A) yoga instructors should not teach too many classes B) it is unwise for people to take any yoga class at present. C) nowadays there are many incompetent yoga instructors D) yoga should not be taught through the weekend course Passage Two 12 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. When Mobamed ElBaradei won Nobel Peace Prize in 2005, Egyptians happily considered him a national hero. But now that he has retired after 12 years as head of the International Atomic Energy Agency, some are calling him a villain (恶棍). He may be an American or even an Iranian agent, hint(暗指) editorials in Egypt’sstate-owned press. He bears a strong dislike against his native country after so long abroad, complaining to other government officials. The reason for this sudden cruel criticism? Responding to pleas from reform-minded Egyptians despairing of local politics, Mr. ElBaradei has suggested he may return to Egypt and run for president in elections in 2011. Worse yet, he has proposed conditions for his possible candidacy. The poll, he says, must meet internationally accepted standards. For such a famous citizen to join the election would cause scarcely any response elsewhere. In Egypt, where five decades under a single party and almost three under its present leader, President Hosni Mubarak, have suppressed all but a pretence of democracy, it has raised a big cloud of dust. The plan of Mr. Elbaradel’sparticipation brings unpredictability to what Egyptians had assumed would be a definite outcome, giving either a six-year term to Mr. Mubarak, now 81, or a win for his son, Gamal, who is in charge of National Democratic Party (NDP). More annoyingly for Egypt’srules, Mr. ElBaradei’sdeclaration of condition has drawn people’sattention on the present cunning (狡猾的) constitutional mechanics that allow the stage-managing of Egypt’sso-called democracy, Even to become a legal independent candidate, for instance, Mr. ElBaradei would need to collect 250 signatures from a range of―elected‖officials, all of whom happen to sit in bodies largely dominated by the NDP. Perhaps not even Mr. ElBaradei himself expects that he may be allowed to become a serious challenger. Surprisingly, considering that he has spent most of the past 40 years outside Egypt, and rarely pronounced on its troubles, some 21,000 enthusiasts have signed on to a Facebook support group. Perhaps theirs it the voice of Egypt’sfuture. 62. The violent attack on Mohaned ElBaradei arose because ______. A) hedidn’twintheNobel Peace Prize for a second time B) he retired from the International Atomic Energy Agency C) he decided to join the election and put forward a new rule D) hedidn’tcareforhisowncountry at all for many years 63. It can be seen from what Mr. ElBaradei says that the present poll in Egypt ______. A) is able to ensure the democracy to a large extent B) is no longer supported by all of the Egyptian people C) has been changed for many times in the past years D) is different from internationally accepted standards 64. If Mohaned ElBaradei does not join the election, then ______. A) there will appear an enormous disturbance in Egypt B) Egypt will be still ruled by National Democratic Party C) Hosni Mubarak will definitely be the president in the next term D) Gamal will continue to be the president for another term 65. It is implied in Paragraph 4 that the present constitution in Egypt ______. A) is relatively helpful to candidates from National Democratic Party B) has been suitable for democracy to be carried out to some extent C) has been criticized by a number of citizens in Egypt for many years D) is beneficial to protect Mohaned ElBaradei to join the election 66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______. A) ElBaradei shows no interest in being a challenger B) all Egyptians do not care for this election action. C) there is no Egyptian who supports ElBaradei D) some Egyptians are firmly in favor of ElBaradei 13 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Part ? Cloze (15minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B). C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Fat burning exercises are the slow, aerobic (需氧的), long duration types of exercise that involve most of the major muscle groups. Your body will burn a higher percentage of calories from fat with lower intensity aerobic exercises. Fat burning exercises 67 walking, jogging, running, cycling and swimming. The key 68 to keep in mind is the more muscle 69 youuse;themorefatyou’ll70 . Different types of exercises will burn more sugar than burni 71 ng fat. Sugar burning exercises involve brief spurts of 72 followed by the rest which 73 To more sugar that is used for 74 instead of fat. To burn fat effectively, exercise at a(n) 75 pace for a longer period of time. Fat burning exercises 76 your metabolism (新陈代谢) which means you’llburncalories long after you exercise. So if you are just starting 77 , exercise for at least twenty minutes and work up from there as your 78 level improves. Then try to 79 3 day a week as your 80 to workout and work up to 5 days as you become more fit. Home treadmills (跑步机) are 81 for fat burning exercises. They are the most popular 82 for home gyms because they allow you to stay fit in any 83 condition. If you want to reduce body fat, eating 84 will always help. But by 85 it with fat burning exercises, it will give you the excellent 86 you are looking for. 67. A) need B) include C) avoid D) provoke 68. A) factor B) illusion C) notion D) limitation 69. A) cells B) fibers C) groups D) tension 70. A) burn B) get C) store D) sustain 71. A) more B) rather C) other D) less A) prospect B) release C) reflection D) movement 72. 73. A) lead B) adapt C) stick D) owe 75. A) stable B) variable C) arbitrary D) moderate 76. A) reduce B) drain C) enhance D) evolve 77. A) out B) over C) from D) by 78. A) capability B) fitness C) morality D) insight 79. A) take B) consider C) view D) set 80. A) anticipation B) assumption C) goal D) obligation 81. A) perfect B) sufficient C) temporary D) reliable 82. A) exercises B) pieces C) pattern D) mechanism 83. A) health B) weather C) pastime D) dilemma 84. A) properly B) luxuriously C) adequately D) plainly 85. A) mixing B) compensating C) combining D) connecting 86. A) consequences B) lives C) results D) figures 74. A) reservation B) fuel C) breed D) necessity Part ? Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Completing the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in blankets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. ____________________ (电影已经停播十分钟了), but there’sacommercial break already. 88. _________________ (董事会建议立刻通过这项提议)，so we need to carry it out in no time. 89. _________________ (在任何时候和任何情况下中国都不会首先) to use violence to threaten other countries. 90. __________________ (我们需要的是具有新的职业观和教育思想的教师) but those only knowing teaching. 91. Life moves pretty fast, __________________ (若不偶尔停下来看看周围)，you could miss it. 14 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Model Test Four Part ? Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Holiday Economy. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below. 1. 节假日消费高涨; 2. 一些人认为有利处，另一些人认为有弊端; 3. 谈谈你对此现象的看法。 Part ?Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. What If Author Stephen Baxter hopes that an imaginary account of a global flood will persuade people to engage with the realities of climate change. The sea is rising, driven by melting ice and the expansion of warmer water—a consequence of climate change. Already on islands like Tuvalu in the Pacific Ocean, the trees are poisoned by salt, and children’s football games have to be abandoned as high tide approaches and the water bubbles out of the ground. Global sea levels are predicted to rise a meter or so by the end of the century. If that happens, the resulting flooding, accompanied by extreme climatic events, will affect us all. Many of the world’s great cities are situated on coasts and river estuaries (港湾) and they will all be threatened, even those we think of as well protected. In London, for example, the Thames Barrier was built after a terrible flood in 1953. Half a century later, some 1.25 million people live on the capital’s flood plain, and the sea level rise that is now predicted invalidates (使失效) some of the assumptions on which the barrier’s design was based. There is a fundamental horror in the disappearance of the very land beneath your feet. It’s a theme that has been worked out in many fictional dramas of judgment and cleansing. The fear of London floods features in such recent works as Maggie 15 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Gee’s The Flood, Ben Elton’s Blind Faith and Will Self’s The Book of Dave—the latest demonstration of a tradition that reaches back to 1885 and Richard Jefferies’ astonishing After London or Wild England: ―Itbecame green everywhere in the first spring, after London ended.‖ The world has suffered much more dramatic sea level shifts in the past, however. At the height of the ice ages, sea level was as much as 120 meters lower than it is now, but in the planet’s hothouse phases, such as between 100 and 50 million years ago, there was no ice at all and the seas were 70 meters higher than today. After the last ice age the sea rose at the amazing rate of 4 meters per century. Perhaps this is why a global flood is a common myth of our culture: there were many Noahs, from the Sumerian Ziusudra to the Akkadian Utnapishtin of the Gilgamesh saga. This awareness of the huge events of the past, combined with the approaching reality of flooding,inspired me to write a disaster story featuring a modern global flood. What would happen to us if the floods of the past returned? There is evidence that the ice on Greenland and Antarctica is already becoming no longer stable; what if all the ice were to melt? A consideration of the implications for humanity of extreme sea level rise becomes an exercise in hypsographic demography (测量人口统计学)—the distribution of human population by altitude. One third of the world’s people live at heights below 100 meters. If all the ice melted, billions would be driven inland, with thirst, famine, disease and brushfire wars bothering their tracks. With the loss of cities and lowland facilities, our technological civilization might start to fall apart. Meanwhile, the weight of the new masses of water over the land would disturb the planet’s geology, and the vast addition of fresh water into the oceans would make ocean currents not stable. There would be climate disasters and earthquakes spinning off the warming oceans to pound the miserable refugees. What if the floods got even worse than that? The mean height of the continents above sea level is 800 meters. Only one sixth of the world’s population lives above this height above sea level. If a global flood approached anything like this height little would survive of our modern civilization, which would end in war over the remaining useable high ground in the Andes and Tibet. Where could the extra water come from to fuel such a super flood? Some scientists believe Earth may contain a great deal more water than is present in its oceans and ice caps. A major layer of water—trapped during the planet’s formation—created the first oceans through giving out gas, the theory goes, though these early seas were lost to impact events. The present oceans could be remains of the gas given out or may have been delivered by comet (彗星)impacts. But some of Earth’s ancient water could have been retained as molecules trapped in the mineral structure of the deep rocks—perhaps as much as five times the volume of the surface waters and more than enough to swallow up the continents. To cover the highest mountain would require an ocean just three times the volume of the existing seas—and less than 1 percent of Earth’s total volume. Though a sea level rise of up to 70 meters, driven by the melting of polar ice, is clearly quite possible, I don’t know of any mechanism by which these inner waters, if they exist, could be released. To that extent (happily) my flood is a science fiction construct—a thought experiment. But myths and stories are a way for us to realize truths, more directly than through factual arguments. Earth becoming a planet wide Tuvalu is a symbol for climate change itself, for the cruelty of the future changes we face. I hope that my flood, a rewriting of an ancient myth, will make us realize how dependent we are on the planet. 1. Stephen Baxter writes the book in order to . A) describe a past disaster flood B) persuade people to get away C) make people realize the climate change and cope with it 16 大学英语(4)重学练习题 D) account for the past climate change 2. Why will many great cities be in danger if global sea levels rise a meter or so? A) Because they don’t have barriers. B) Because they are at heights below 800 meters. C) Because they are at heights below 100 meters. D) Because they are located on coasts and river estuaries. What is the reaction of people to the disappearance of the land? 3. A) Indifferent. B) Afraid. C) Confused D) Doubtful. 4. What has the world experienced in sea level shifts in hothouse phases? A) The sea level was 120 meters lower than today. B) There was a lot of ice and the sea level was 100 meters lower than today. C) The sea level was 70 meters higher than today and there was no ice. D) There was little dramatic change. 5. What is the disaster story in Stephen Baxter’s book? A) An imagined modern global flood. B) A past disaster story. C) A myth of our culture. D) A fact in our real life. 6. What is evident on Greenland and Antarctica? A) Most of ice melts. B) All of ice melts. C) Ice is unchanged. D) Ice is not stable. 7. What would happen to our modern civilization if the floods got to 800 meters? A) It would develop slowly. B) It would not develop. C) It would survive but develop slowly. D) It would not continue and end in war. 8. The average height of the continents above sea level is . 9. It is believed by scientists that Earth may have more water than present in its . 10. The author says the flood in the book aims at making us realize our . Part ?Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the blank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Every day, we are tested. Whether it’s a cake tempting us from our 47 or a warm bed making us sleep late, we are forced to decide between what we want to do and what we ought to do. The ability to resist our desire is commonly described as self control or willpower (意志力). The 48 forces behind a person’s willpower have been the subject of increasing examination by the scientific community trying to understand why some people overeat or 49 drugs and alcohol. What 50 are 17 大学英语(4)重学练习题 finding is that willpower is actually a mental muscle, and certain physical and mental forces can weaken or 51 our self-control. Studies now show that self-control is a (n) 52 resource that may be strengthened by the foods we eat. Laughter may also help 53 a person’s self control. And, some research suggests, we can improve self-control through practice, testing ourselves on small tasks in order to strengthen our willpower for bigger54.Some research suggests that people struggling with self-control should 55 start small. A few studies show that people who were instructed for two weeks to make small changes like improving their posture or brushing their teeth with their 56 hand improved their scores on laboratory tests of self-control. A vow to stop swearing, to make the bed every day or to give up just one food may be a way to strengthen your self-control, giving you more willpower reserves for bigger challenges later. A) challenges AC) decrease ABC) researcher s B) opposite AD) basically ABD) boost C) limited BC) promotion ACD) demands D) financially BD) understandable BCD) subtle AB) abuse CD) strengthen ABCD) diets Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Every year, earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of vibration. Other damage results from landslides (山崩), tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are initiated by the quake. There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest magnitude recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upward from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters (震中) are located far from the inhabited areas. The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking apart of rocks at or below the earth’s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift. In order to minimize the damage and lessen some of the suffering results from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Two of the instruments presently in use to achieve this goal are seismographs (地震仪) and tiltmeters (地面倾斜测量仪). The former records any shaking of the earth: by means of calculations seismologist can accurately indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. The latter, as the name suggests, is used to record any changes in the tilt of the land. 57. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A) Earthquakes. 18 大学英语(4)重学练习题 B) The Cause of Earthquakes. C) Earthquakes and Their Damage. D) How to Predict Earthquakes. 58. What is said about earthquakes in the passage? A) They often occur in the Pacific Ocean. B) They result in serious destructions. C) They are usually accompanied by strong winds. D) They probably occur one million times per year. 59. Whatdoestheword―this‖inthelastsentence of Para. 2 refer to? A) Earthquakes far from the inhabited areas will not cause major damage. B) An earthquake of magnitude higher than 6.0 may cause major damage. C) An earthquake of magnitude 6.0 is not serious for far away dwelling districts. D) A small earthquake may be a big disaster for the inhabited areas. 60. Which of the following is the direct cause of an earthquake? A) The production of pressure. B) Continental drift. C) The breaking apart of rocks. D) The expansion of the earth’s crust. 61. What is the use of seismographs and tiltmeters? A) To help people find the quake center. B) To prevent major earthquakes. C) To help scientists predict an earthquake. D) To lessen the suffering results of an earthquake. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. For anyone who is set on a career in fashion, it is not enough to have succeeded in college. The real test is whether they can survive and become established during their early 20s, making a name for themselves in the real world where business skills can count for as much as flair (天赋) and creativity.Fashion is a hard business. There is a continuous amount of stress because work is at a constant breakneck (高速而危险的) speed to prepare for the next season’s collections. It is extremely competitive and there is the constant need to cultivate good coverage in newspapers and magazines. It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is insatiable (不知足的). “We try to warn people before they come to us about how tough it is,” says Lydia Kemeny, the Head of Fashion at St. Martin’s School of Art in London, “and we point out that drive and determination are essential.”This may seem far removed from the popular image of trendy and dilettante (业余艺术爱好的) young people spending their time designing pretty dresses. That may well be what they do in their first year of study but a good college won’t be slow in introducing students to commercial realities. “We don’t stamp on the blossoming flower of creativity but in the second year we start introducing the constraints of price, manufacturability, marketing and so on.”Almost all fashion design is done to a brief. It is not a form of self expression as such, although there is certainly room for imagination and innovation. Most young designers are going to end up as employees of a manufacturer or fashion house and they still need to be able to work within the characteristic style of their employer. Even those students who are most avant garde (先锋派的) in their own taste of clothes and image may need to adapt to produce designs which are right for the mainstream Marks and Spencer type of market. They also have to be able to work at both the exclusively expensive and the 19 大学英语(4)重学练习题 cheap end of the market and the challenge to produce good design inexpensively may well be more demanding than where money is no object. 62. To be successful as a fashion designer you must . A) have excellent academic qualifications B) be able to handle marketing business C) be well established before you are 20 D) have taken an intensive commercial course 63. Why is fashion a continuously stressful business according to the passage? A) There is always the next season’s hard work to come. B) There is always the need to maintain popularity by ads. C) There is always the requirement to keep freshness. D) There is always the warning of the hardness of fashion. 64. How does St. Martin’s School of Art train her students of fashion? A) Students are always warned of the harshness of fashion industry. B) Students are required to design freely with their imagination in the first year. C) Students are taught to design with commercial constraints all the time. D) Students are told not to design clothes on their own taste. 65. Theword―brief‖(Line1,Para.4)can be replaced by . A) dictate B) employee C) style D) simplicity 66. The views on fashion design expressed in this article . A) present an encouraging picture B) contain some innovative ideas C) dispel some common illusions D) discount the creative elements Part ? Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. The regular use of text messages and e mails can 67 he IQ more than twice as 68 as smoking marijuana (大麻毒品). That is the claim of 69 who have found that tapping 70 on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking them 71 electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points 72 the user’s IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares 73 with the four point drop in IQ 74 with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have 75 the fleeting phenomenon of enhanced stupidityas―infomania‖. Research on sleepsugge 76 sts that the IQ drop caused by electronic is also 77 equivalent to a wakeful night. Infomania is mainly a problem for adultmen, the study worke‎‎rs, 78 commissioned by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded. The noticeable drop in IQ is 79 to the constant distractionof―alwayson‖when emplo80 yees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentrat theirion 81 minds remain 82 an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technologyfocus 83 ing on the task in hand. The brain also finds it hard to 84 with juggling lots of tasks at once, reducing its overall effectiveness, the report added. And while modern technology can have huge benef use can its, 85 be damaging not only to a person’s mind, 86 their social life. 20 大学英语(4)重学练习题 67. A) increase B) add C) decline D) lower 68. A) well B) much C) few D) little 69. A) physicians B) surgeons C) psychologists D) philosophers 70. A) up B) away C) to D) with 71. A) in B) for C) on D) away 72. A) in B) on C) off D) up 73. A) favourably B) unfavorably C) efficiently D) effectively 74. A) associated B) concerned C) in terms D) related 75. A) meant B) wrote C) labored D) labeled 76. A) deprivation B) likeness C) inclination D) tendency 77. A) carelessness B) obsession C) favour D) habit 78. A) especially B) specially C) particularly D) expressly 79. A) concerned B) resulted C) attributed D) contributed 80. A) works B) technology C) computers D) mobile phones 81. A) as B) when C) while D) because of 82. A) fixing in B) fixed in C) being fixed in D) having fixed in 83. A) instead B) despite of C) in spite of D) instead of 84. A) come B) coordinate C) cope D) cut 85. A) less B) exterior C) extra D) excessive 86. A) but also B) but to C) as well as D) and to Part ? Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. I’m sure they couldn’t have arranged it; they (一定是偶然遇见). 88. Not until he was showed all evidence (他才承认他的罪行). 89. Rod is determined to go for music (即使那意味着他得从学校退学). 90. (正如今天报纸上所报道的)，the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays. 91. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children (禁不住笑). Model Test Five Part ? Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Children Obey Authority? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 儿童的教育问题非常重要 2. 是否应该让儿童听从家长和教师设定的规矩 3. 我认为…… 21 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Part? Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minut es) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. A Chance for Smokers to Give Their Bodies a Cigarette Break For many years, scientists have warned that tobacco is bad for your health. Yet millions of people around the world continue to smoke. The World Health Organization estimates that each year, smoking is responsible for the deaths of five million people. And that number is increasing. At current rates, W.H.O. officials say tobacco use could kill ten million people a year by two thousand twenty. In the United States, a nation of almost three hundred million people, an estimated forty-four million adults are smokers. Health experts say tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the country. Researchers believe that four hundred thirty-eight thousand Americans will die this year of diseases linked to smoking. The dangers of smoking are well known. Heart disease and stroke are just two of the risks. Tobacco smoke is the leading cause of lung disease. The American Cancer Society says smoking is responsible for almost nine out of ten cases of lung cancer in the United States. Smoking is also a major cause of cancers of the mouth, esophagus, kidney, bladder and pancreas. Scientists have identified more than sixty chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals. Cigarettes are not the only danger. Smokeless tobacco and cigars also have been linked to cancer. The American Cancer Society says there is no safe way to smoke. It says smoking begins to cause damage immediately. All cigarettes can damage the body. Smoking even a small number of cigarettes is dangerous. On May thirty-first of each year, the World Health Organization holds World No Tobacco Day. This event seeks to increase understanding about the public health effects of tobacco. Another purpose of World No Tobacco Day is to reduce individual dependence on tobacco. Last year, a smoking-related treaty became part of international law. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control came into force on February twenty-eighth, two thousand five. Any country that approves the treaty is required to obey its rules. The treaty deals with things such as price and tax increases on cigarettes, marketing restrictions, secondhand smoke and illegal trade in tobacco products. Nicotine is a substance in tobacco that gives pleasure to smokers. Nicotine is a poison. The American Cancer Society says nicotine can kill a person when taken in large amounts. It does this by stopping the muscles used for breathing. The body grows to depend on nicotine. When a former smoker smokes a cigarette, the nicotine reaction may start again. This forces the person to keep smoking. Studies have found that nicotine can be as difficult to resist as alcohol or the illegal drug cocaine. So experts say it is better 22 大学英语(4)重学练习题 never to start smoking than it is to smoke with the idea of stopping later. Most people who smoke have heard about the harmful effects of cigarettes. Some of them decide to smoke fewer cigarettes. Most, who try, however, find it difficult. Experts say menthol (薄荷) cigarettes are no safer than other tobacco products. Menthol cigarettes produce a cool feeling in the smoker's throat. So people can hold the smoke inside their lungs longer than smokers of other products. As a result, experts say menthol cigarettes may be even more dangerous than other cigarettes. Other smokers believe that cigarettes with low tar levels are safer. Tar is a substance produced when tobacco leaves are burned. It is known to cause cancer. The American Cancer Society says the sooner people stop, the more they can reduce their chances of gettir and ng canceother diseases. It says blood pressure returns to normal twenty minutes after smoking the last cigarette. Carbon monoxide gas levels in the blood return to normal after eight hours. The chance of heart attack decreases after one day. After one year, the risk of heart disease for a non-smoker is half that of a smoker. There are products designed to help people reduce their dependence on cigarettes. There are several kinds of nicotine replacement products that provide small amounts of the chemical. These can help people stop smoking. Experts also say a drug used to treat depression has proven effective for many smokers. The drug is called Zyban. It does not contain nicotine. It works by increasing levels of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a chemical that produces feelings of pleasure. There is evidence that people who have suffered from depression are much more likely than other people to smoke. The same is true for people with schizophrenia (精神分裂)and other mental disorders. It also is much harder for them to stop smoking than it is for other people. The American Cancer Society says there is no single "right way" to stop smoking. It says one methon of d or a combinatiomethods may be successful. These include attending self-help programs or following directions in a book. The group says any way to stop smoking that is legal, moral and effective is worth a try. To stop smoking, you should carefully plan your actions for at least one week. Stay away from public places where people are smoking. And try to stay away from people and situations that might trouble you. Alcohol can weaken a person's will to stop smoking. So people who drink may find it easier to give up cigarettes if they stay away from alcohol temporarily. Many experts say the best thing for a smoker is to stop completely. Even one cigarette can make you a smoker again. In the first week or two without cigarettes, you will probably feel terrible. You may be angry all the time or you may feel sad. You may have a headache or your stomach might feel sick. Do not lose hope. If you stay away from tobacco, those feelings will go away in a few weeks. Tell yourself that you will be happier as a non-smoker. Tell yourself that nicotine should not control your life. Move around as much as possible. Go for a quick walk or a run at least two times a day. Walking or running will make you breathe deeply. This will help clear the nicotine from your body. Also, when you have the urge to smoke, you could chew gum or eat a piece of fruit instead. For a long time, you can expect to continue to have periods when you really want a cigarette. But these times will come less and less often. One day, you will recognize that you have won the struggle against smoking. 1. According to the research of death caused by smoking, WHO officials believe that_______. A) the number of death caused by smoking is increasing B) smoking is responsible for the deaths of four million people C) tobacco use could kill ten million people a year by 2020 D) almost 300 million are smokers in the United States 2. The American Cancer Society says that the dangers of smokingdon’tinclude___. A) heart disease and stroke B) lung disease and cancer C) cancers of the mouth and kidney D) loseone’sappetite and weight 3. The purpose for the World Health Organization holding World No Tobacco Day each year is to ___. A) eliminate the smoker’sindividual dependence on tobacco 23 大学英语(4)重学练习题 B) increase insights into the public health effects of tobacco C) pass the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control D) deal with things such as price and tax increases on cigarettes 4. According to the American Cancer Society, the nicotine reaction may start again because _____. A) a smoker has taken nicotine in large amounts B) it stops the muscles used for breathing C) a former smoker begins to smoke cigarettes again D) the body grows to depend on nicotine 5. What do the experts say about menthol cigarettes? A) Menthol cigarettes are no safe than other tobacco products. B) Menthol cigarettes produce a hot feeling in the smoker’sthroat. C) Other cigarettes may be more dangerous than menthol cigarettes D) Cigarettes with low tar levels are safer than menthol cigarettes. 6. The terrible effect of smoking on the people who have suffered from depression is that________. A) there are products to reduce their dependence on cigarettes B) it is much harder for them to stop smoking than other people C) no drug can be used to treat smokers suffering from depression D) depressive people are much more than other people smoking 7. According to the American Cancer Society, which method should be used to stop smoking? A) Organizing self-help programs. B) Following directions in the web. C) Staying away from smoking places. D) Taking some alcohol temporarily. 8. Alcohol can weaken smokers’willandthose who drink may quit smoking by______. 9. Because even one cigarette can once again turn you into a smoker, the best thing for a smoker is to _______. 10. Doctors suggest that the smokers should move around as much as possible and go for ________ at least two times a day. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Britons are the fattest people in Europe, with one of the world's fastest obesity growth rates, according to a leading international think-tank. The UK comes top out of 20 European Union nations, with almost one in four people so fat they could __47__face a grave. Levels of _48__in Scottish children are second worst in the world, behind the US, while children in England are eighth worst. Overall, in a study of citizens of the 33 _49__countries, the UK is fifth behind the US, Mexico, Chile and New Zealand. Developed nations are getting fattethe Organr, 50 ization for Economic Cooperation and Development which produced the report. The Paris-based watchdog claims the growing costs of healthcare and wasted resources are makin for g obesity a top 51many governments. Report author Franco Sassi, a former London School of Economics lectuon moderrer, puts the 52 n lifestyles. He said: 'Food is much cheaper than in the past, in particular food that is not 53 healthy, and people are changing their lifestyles. They have less time to prepare meals and are eating out more in restaurants. 'Thereincre‎‎ase in the is a _54_ epidemic. 24 大学英语(4)重学练习题 According to the report, the lifespan of an obese person is up to 10 years shorter than that of a normal-weight person – the same loss of lifespan incurred by smoking. It shows 24 per cent of men were _55_obese and 25 per cent of women in 2008 in the UK. In addition, 42 per cent of men and 32 per cent of women are overweight, _56_ that up to two in three people have their health put at risk by their weight. A) priority F) warns K) richest B) usually G) particularly L) declare C) Meaning H) early M) deserving D) obligation I) rated N) replaced E) frightening J) blame O) fatness Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. The secret of youth may ultimately be hidden in a poorly-understood gene that not only extends the lifespan but enhances quality of life, according to a new study. Salk Institute in San Diego, California, have In a series of experiments on roundworms, a team of scientists at the identified the critical gene, known as PHA-4, which plays a critical role in prolonging life. Other molecular (分子的) biologists are hailing the study as significant as it will change research agendas in the new but burgeoning field of longevity(长寿)genetics. Only within the past decade have scientists understood that single genes can significantly affect ageing, once thought to be an uncontrollable process of perish. "There are two major ways to prolong life," says biologist Dr Hugo Aguilaniu, one of the study's authors, explains in an interview. One is to decrease sensitivity at the cellular level to insulin (胰岛素). ―Thisisalready well known. Genetically modified mice have been created that live twice as long as a result," says Aguilaniu, who is now at the University in of LyonFrance. But there are unwelcome side-effects, for example, it may hinder growth and do harm to reproductive ability. The other way to prolong life is dietary restriction. "If you give an animal 70% of its normal intake, it will live 20-30% longer," says Aguilaniu. In a human being, that adds up to an additional 15-20 years of life. A restricted diet, however, is not the same as near starvation, and must consist of a balanced mix of nutrients to be effective. The link between eating less and living longer has been known for decades. "But we had no idea what the molecular actor of this process was," Aguilaniu says. Through the research, it is found that the earthworms enjoyed a longer lifespan when their food was added more PHA-4 genes. "What is most interesting is that diet-restricted animals are more dynamic. We like to talk not just about life span but 'health-span expansion'— being healthier over a longer period of time," Aguilaniu says. 57. The scientists have found people can live much longer because___. A) the quality of their lives is relatively good B) they have some hidden secrets to become young C) they always like hiding their poor lives from others D) they are born with PHA-4, a gene playing a critical role 25 大学英语(4)重学练习题 58. About ten years ago, people think the process of ageing ____. A) can not be controlled by people B) is very natural for our humans C) can be influenced by some genes D) can be totally controlled by humans 59. What can be concluded about the first method of prolonging life? A) It prevents the growth of life. B) It is beneficial to reproductive ability. C) It doesn't help mice to live longer. D) It has some positive effects when used. 60. Why did Aguilaniu say we shouldn’t‎‎onlytalkabout lifespan? A) Because there is no advanced technology to prolong life. B) Because it is very difficult for us to expand lifespan at present. C) Because it is no use for us to prolong life at present time. D) Because we should pay more attention to healthier life. 61. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A) molecular biologists don’tsupport this study at all B) if people want to live longer, they should eat less correctly C) both of the two ways to prolong life have bad effects D) people have known the molecular actor of eating less and living longer. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. People who want to learn things might do better by simply stopping to smell the roses, according to a study published in the latest issue of Nature magazine.. German researchers found they could use odors to re-activate (重新唤起) new memories in the brains of people while they slept -- and the volunteers remembered better later. The researchers said their study showed that memories are indeed consolidated during sleep, and show that smells and perhaps other stimuli can reinforce brain learning pathways. Jan Born of the University of Lubeck in Germany and colleagues had 74 volunteers learn to play games similar to the game of "Concentration" in which they must find matched pairs of objects or cards by turning only one over at a time. While doing this task, some of the volunteers inhaled the scent of roses. The volunteers then agreed to sleep inside an Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI 核磁共振成像) tube. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to "watch" their brains while they slept. At various stages during sleep, Born's team wafte in the same scent‎‎d of roses. The volunteers were tested again the next day on what they had learned. "After the odor night, participants remembered 97.2 percent of the card pairs they had learned before sleep," the researchers wrote. But they only remembered 86 percent of the pairs if they did not get the rose smell while sleeping. The researchers said in a finding that will add to the debate over whether people "learn" in their sleep the way some animals have been shown to. Research has shown, for example, that rats learning a new maze will rehearse their movements during sleep, and that songbirds rehearse their songs. And the stage of sleep was important too. Born's team said the scent improved learning when it was administered during slow-wave sleep, but had no effect during rapid eye movement sleep. The MRI showed that the hippocampus (海马体), the part of the brain associated with learning new things, was activated when the odor was wafted over the volunteers during slow wave sleep. 62. According to the latest study, _____. A) if you want to learn better, you should buy roses to smell B) the smell roses can help you to become more active C) rose odor is beneficial for memory if taken at an appropriate time 26 大学英语(4)重学练习题 D) only if you smell the scent of roses can you get a good memory 63. Theword―wafted‖underlined in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______. A) breezed B) found C) created D) researched 64. According to the researchers, the study findings will lead to more arguments about ____. A) whether people can learn better in the smell of other flowers B) whether the smell can enhance animals’memory similarly C) whether this kind of smell has any side-effect on human D) whether people can learn in their sleeping time like animals 65. It can be seen from the study ofBorn’steamthatthesmell ____. A) takes effect only during slow-wave sleep B) takes effect only in rapid eye movement sleep C) has effect in rapid eye movement sleep now and then D) actually takes effect in any kind of sleeping form 66. It can be inferred that we remember better in odor because _____. A) in the odor of roses we can sleep more comfortably B) the scent helps triggerthe―reactivation‖process during sleep C) the scent of roses is more suitable for people to breathe D) the scent of roses can make brain produce more hippocampus Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choic‎‎es marked A, B, C, D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 34-year-old Briton Southall has just finished his six month doing the―BestJobintheWorld‖. Southall, 34, a charity fundraiser from Petersfield, Hampshire, was the __67___of the Queensland Tourist Board’s―BestJobintheWorld‖Internet 68 ; the job was to live on Hamilton Island on Australia’sGreat Barrier Reef and 69 a blog about it. The process gave a global profile to Australian tourism, which has gone into 70 amid the worldwide recession. The job included a very high salary and a beautiful house with ocean. Nearl 71 y 35,000 people took part in the competition. Mr. Southall was chosen from among sixteen 72 competing for the $ A 150, 000 position. As a winner, Ben says:―Togoawaynowastheisland caretaker for tourism Queensland and the Great Barrier Reef is an extre. I hope I can fill the bootsme 73 as much as everybody is 74 . my swimming hopefully is up to standard and I look forward to all of the new 75 and responsibilities that the task 76.‖ Being the island caretakers, Southall says that the job was harde he thougr 77 ht it would be. 78 swimming and sitting on the beach, he was very busy: I needed to work 18 to 19 hours every day. I visited places during the day and stayed up late at night 79 and uploading pictures; it was very time 80 ,‖hesays. He posted more than 75, 000 words on blogs, uploaded more than 2,000 photos, and made many video diaries. Ben also gave more than 250 media. 81 __82__ he was busy, Ben Southall says that he really enjoyed his job. During his time on the island, he learnt how to sail and kayak. His only bad 83 was when he was 84 by a venomous jellyfish (毒水母). He had a very high fever and felt terrible.―For six hours I was prettybad.‖hesays. Ben has done his job so well, and attached so much 85 that the Queensland Tourism Board has given him a new job. He is now a 86 ambassador for Queensland. This means he has to travel around the world promoting the state. 67. A) trainer B) conqueror C) employer D) winner 68. A) competition B) connection C) comparison D) combination 69. A) compose B) state C) write D) proclaim 70. A) tendency B) decline C) decrease D) deficiency 71. A) vision B) views C) pictures D) image 72. A) journalists B) specialists C) finalists D) cyclists 27 大学英语(4)重学练习题 73. A) horror B) respect C) prize D) honor 74. A) expecting B) supposing C) predicting D) demanding 75. A) posts B) roles C) actions D) performances 76. A) involves B) resolves C) evolves D) revolves 77. A) as B) than C) that D) so 78. A) Because of B) Insist of C) In opposite of D) Instead of 79. A) sleeping B) swimming C) blogging D) traveling 80. A) consuming B) assuming C) wasting D) absorbing 81. A) reviews B) reports C) interviews D) studies 82. A) Because B) Since C) Although D) Therefore 83. A) minute B) moment C) second D) instant 84. A) eaten B) beaten C) bitten D) flatten 85. A) publicity B) media C) capacity D) simplicity 86. A) local B) global C) traveling D) promising Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. When you come to the conference room tomorrow, ____________(部长将就国际事务发表演讲). 88. He pushed open the door gently ____________(以免把她吵醒). 89. _________________(他不仅在这所大学获得学位), he also met his best friend here. 90. ______________(在做决定前有个问题需要询问) how much money can you afford? 91. In China, he has been to many places _________________(除了上海以外我都没去过). Model Test Six Part ? Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Disastrous Weather. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 4. 灾害性天气频发，造成巨大损失 5. 为了减少灾害性天气造成的破坏，应该做到…… 28 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Part? Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Therapist-free therapy Cognitive-bias modification may put the psychiatrist’scouch out of business The treatment, in the early 1880s, of an Austrian hysteric called Anna O is generally regarded as the beginning of talking-it-through as a form of therapy. But psychoanalysis, as this version of talk therapy became known, is an expensive procedure. Anna’sdoctor, Josef Breuer, is estimated to have spent over 1,000 hours with her. Since then, things have improved. A typical course of a modern talk therapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, consists of 12-16 hour-long sessions and is a reasonably efficient way of treating conditions like depression and anxiety (hysteria is no longer a recognized diagnosis). Medication, too, can bring rapid change. Nevertheless, treating disorders of the psyche is still a hit-and-miss affair, and not everyone wishes to bare his soul or take mind-altering drugs to deal with his problems. A new kind of treatment may, though, mean he does not have to. Cognitive-bias modification (CBM) appears to be effective after only a few 15-minute sessions, and involves neither drugs nor the discussion of feelings. It does not even need a therapist. All it requires is sitting in front of a computer and using a program that subtly alters harmful thought patterns. This simple approach has already been shown to work for anxiety and addictions, and is now being tested for alcohol abuse, post-traumatic-stress disorder and several other disturbances of the mind. It is causing great excitement among researchers. As Yair Bar-Haim, a psychologist at Tel Aviv University who has been experimenting with it on patients as diverse as children and soldiers, puts it, ―It’snotoften that a new evidence-based treatment for a major psychopathology comes around.‖ Don’ttalkabout it, just do it CBM is based on the idea that many psychological problems are caused by automatic, unconscious biases in thinking. People suffering from anxiety, for instance, may have what is known as an attentional bias towards threats: they are drawn irresistibly to things they perceive to be dangerous. Similar biases may affect memory and the interpretation of events. For example, if an acquaintance walks past without saying hello, it might mean either that he has ignored you or that he has not seen you. The anxious, according to the theory behind CBM, have a bias towards assuming the formeing r and reactaccordingly. The goal of CBM is to alter such biases, and doing so has proved surprisingly easy. A common way of debiasing attention is to show someone two words or pictures—one neutral and the other threatening—on a computer screel n. In the case of sociaanxiety these might be a neutral face and a disgusted face. Presented with this choice, an anxious persoes n instinctively focuson the disgusted visage. The program, however, prods him to complete tasks involving the neutral picture, such as identifying letters that appear in its place on the screen. Repeating the procedure around a thousand times, over a total, of two hourschangestheuser’stendency to focus on the anxious face. That change is then carried into the wider world. Emily Holmes of Oxford University, who studies the use of CBM for depression, describes the process as like administering a cognitive vaccine. When challenged by reality in the form of, say, the unobservant friend, the recipient of the vaccine finds he is inoculated against inappropriate anxiety. In a recent study of social anxiety by Norman Schmidt of Florida State University and his colleagues, which involved 36 volunteers who had been diagnosed with anxiety, half underwent eight short sessions of CBM and the rest were put in a control group and had no treatment. At the end of the study, a majority of the CBM volunteers no longer seemed anxious, whereas in the control group only 11% had shed their anxiety. Although it was only a small trial, these results compare favourably with those of existing treatments. An examination of standard talk therapy carried out in 2004, for instance, found that half of patients had a clinically significant reduction in symptoms. Trials of medications have similar success rates. The latest research, which is on a larger scale and is due to be published this month in Psychological Science, tackles alcohol addiction. Past work has shown that many addicts have an approach bias for alcohol—in other words, they experience a 29 大学英语(4)重学练习题 physical pull towards it. (Arachnophobia, a form of this bias that is familiar to many people, works in the opposite way: if they encounter a spider, they recoil.) This study, conducted by Reinout Wiers of the University of Amsterdam and his colleagues, attempted to correct the approach bias to alcohol with CBM. The 214 participants received either a standard addiction treatment—a form of talk therapy—or the standard treatment plus four 15-minute sessions of CBM. In the first group, 41% of participants were abstinent a year later; in the second, 54%. That is not a cure for alcoholism, but it is a significant improvement on talk therapy alone. Many other researchers are now exploring CBM. A team at Harvard, led by Richard McNally, is seeking volunteers for a month-long programme that will use smart-phones to assess the technique’seffect on anxiety. And Dr Bar-Haim and his team are examining possible connections between cognitive biases and post-traumatic-stress disorder in the American and Israeli armies. Not all disorders are amenable to CBM. One study, by Hannah Reese (also at Harvard) and her colleagues, showed that it is ineffective in countering arachnophobia (perhaps not surprising, since this may be an evolved response, rather than an acquired one). Moreover, Dr Wiers found that the approach bias towards alcohol is present in only about half of the drinkers he studies. He hypothesises that for the others, drinking is less about automatic impulses and more about making a conscious decision. In such cases CBM is unlikely to work. Colin MacLeod of the University of Western Australia, one of the pioneers of the technique, thinks CBM is not quite ready for general use. He would like to see it go through some large, long-term, randomised clinical trials of the sort that would be needed if it were a drug, rather than a behavioural therapy. Nevertheless, CBM does look extremely promising, if only because it offers a way out for those whose answer to the question, ―Doyouwanttotalkabout it?‖isaresounding ―No‖. 11. The early talk therapy was an expensive procedure, because _______. A) It took a lot of money B) Psychoanalysis was well-known C) It took too much time D) It was a new form of therapy 12. Why is treating disorders of the psyche still a hit-and-miss affair? A) Because not everyone wants to discuss their feelings and take drugs. B) Because not everyone wants to see therapist. C) Because not everyone wants to sit in front of a computer D) Because not everyone wants to admit their mental problems 13. What does the cognitive-bias modification mainly work for? A) Anxiety and addiction B) Talk therapy C) Several other disturbance of mind D) Arachnophobia 14. CBM is based on the idea that many psychological problems are caused by _____ in thinking. A) An attentional bias B) A cognitive bias C) Automatic and unconscious bias D) Spontaneous and unconscious bias 15. An examination of standard talk therapy carried out in 2004 found that _____. A) The symptoms of anxiety reduced significantly for half of the patients B) A majority of the CBM volunteers no longer seemed anxious. C) Only 11% had shed their anxiety D) Trials of medicationsdidn’thavesimilar success rates 16. Which of the following about the arachnophobia is NOT true? A) Many addicts have an approach bias for alcohol B) Many addicts experience a physical pull towards alcohol 30 大学英语(4)重学练习题 C) In the form of bias, arachnophobia is similar to alcohol addictions D) If the patients encounter a spider, they retreat. 17. According to the passage, which treatment is more effective in correcting the approach bias to alcohol? A) The standard addiction treatment. B) The four 15-minute sessions of CBM. C) The standard addiction plus four 15-minute sessions of CBM. D) There is no treatment for alcoholism. 18. Richard McNally and his colleagues will use smart-phones to ______ on anxiety. 19. Not all the disturbances of the mind _______ CBM. 20. One of the pioneers of technique, Colin Macleod thinks CBM is ________ general use. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. There is no point putting a clean fuel in a dirty engine. That is the finding of Conor Reynolds and colleagues at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, who examiof the Indianed the 47 n government's decisall the ion to 48 vehicles in Delhi to compressed natural gas in 2003, in a bid to improve the city's air quality. 49 produced by the city's fleet of three-wheeled auto-rickshaws with When the team looked at the affect of this switch on the two-stroke engines, they found the 50 clean fuel was making the vehicles dirtier. Running on compressed gas resulted in only minor reductions in particulatof dust, soot and metale matter - the tiny 51 s that have been linked to heart disease, respiratory failure and cancer. Meanwhile, greenhouse gas emiss. ions actually 52 That is because around one-third of the natural gas is not 53 burned in a two-stroke engine, resulting in high emissions of methane. "Methane is a very potent greenhouse gas, with about 25 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide," says Reynolds. 54 the two-stroke engine vehicles to more fuel efficient four-stroke gasoline engines would have been cheaper and more effective in reducing emissions, he says. Using compressed natural gas for urban transportathe cleantion may be 55 fuel away from areas where it is more urgently needed. "If it was used to replace the 56 fuels like wood used in simple stoves for cooking and heating, it could have far greater health benefits," he says. F) affect F) misdirecting K) emissions G) upgrading G) changing L) wastes H) properly H) supposedly M) increased I) remained I) impact N) convert J) particles J) solid O) persuade Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. 31 大学英语(4)重学练习题 It's hard to give up smoking --so, of course, there are a huge number of iPhone apps (苹果手机应用程序) that promise to help. Most simply text a series of short and occasionally interactive messages that guide a person through their battle to give up. Some also track the dollars saved and health benefits accrued since quitting. But do any of them really work? To test their legitimacy, Lorien Abroms and colleagues at the George Washington University in Washington DC scored how well the 47 quit-smoking apps adhered to the US Public Health Service's 2008 guidelines for treating tobacco use and dependence. Abroms and colleagues marked the apps for how well 20 of the key guidelines were covered, with up to three marks for each guideline, giving each app a possible top score of 60. The scores were tallied, and on average the apps received a dismal 7.8 out of 60. The winner was Quit Smoking - Cold Turkey with 30 points; among the losers that received 0 points was Daily Tracker. Few apps referred the user to recommended treatments, a quit line, clinic or reaching out to friends and family for support. In a related commentary, Cathy Backinger and Erik Augustson at the US National Cancer Institute agree that users and health professionals should not be "overly optimistic" about smartphone apps, because many have not been tested for their scientific benefits. For example, 6 per cent of the apps in this study use "hypnosis" techniques to encourage people to quit smoking. Simon Chapman, a public health researcher at the University of Sydney, Australia, says: "Any claims that you can be hypnotised through your iPhone is codswallop." Still, Chapman promotes the use of apps for smoking cessation, as they can be a "really efficient way" to remind people of the benefits of quitting. Several randomised controlled studies found that people are more likely to quit with regular anti-smoking text messages. But, over two-thirds of people who quit do so "without any assistance" from targeted treatments, says Chapman. So be reassured - you don't need a smartphone to butt out. 57. What did the scores made by Abroms and colleagues show? A) The quit-smoking apps work well. B) The quit-smoking apps do not work at all. C) Some quit-smoking apps work a little while some do not. D) There is a big difference between different quit-smoking apps. 58. Whatcan―cessation‖(Para.7) be best replaced by? A) quitting B) control C) dependence D) benefit 59. According to Simon Chapman’sremarks, which one of the following statements is true? A) Users can be hypnotized through their iPhones. B) It is not necessary to use a smartphone for smoking quitting. C) He disapproves the use of apps for smoking cessation. D) Users shouldnotbe―overly optimistic‖about smartphone apps. 60. Who most likely supports the use of quit-smoking apps? A) Lorien Abroms B) Cathy Backinger C) Erik Augustson D) Simon Chapman 61. Which is the most suitable title for this passage? A) Quit-smoking apps perform dismally in tests B) Quit-smoking apps are necessary assistance C) Quit-smoking apps offer regular anti-smoking test messages D) Quit-smoking apps prove effective. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. The most famous test for artificial intelligence is that devised by Alan Turing, a British computing pioneer. To pass the 32 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Turing test, and thus be considered intelligent, a program must fool a human being into believing that it is another human being. But the Turing test still requires the program to share a language with the tester and, because it is all or nothing, cannot be used to rank different forms of artificial intelligence against one another. José Hernández-Orallo of the Polytechnic University of Valencia, in Spain, and David Dowe of Monash University, in Australia, think they can do better than this. They believe not only that a universal scale of intelligence can be devised, but also that it can be assessed without reference to language. If they are right, an insultlike―bird-brained‖will, in the future, be finely calibrated (校准). The actual tests would employ the well-honed methods of operant conditioning, developed initially on pigeons, in which the test subject has first to work out what is going on by trial and error. As in operant conditioning, correct responses would be rewarded—by money, perhaps, for a human being; by bananas for a chimpanzee or by the numerical value itself for an appropriately programmed computer. If the test were noughts and crosses, the test-taker (if it had never seen the game before) would first have to work out that the game is won by getting three in a row on a 3-by-3 grid, before actually going on to play. A chimpanzee might not manage a test of this level of complexity, but could, maybe, work out the idea of three-in-a-row when only a single row was involved. Chess, though, would surely be beyond it (and probably beyond most people, too, if they did not already know the rules). Games like draughts and dominoes would lie somewhere in between. In fact Dr Hernández-Orallo and Dr Dowe do not plan to use existing games. Instead they are employing a computer to generate novel games and patterns. Their approach eliminates human bias. It also allows them to generate tests with any level of complexity they like—even ones that are far beyond the ability of humans to complete. When it comes to testing the tests, then, aliens from the planet Zaarg will be particularly welcome to apply. 62. Whycan’ttheTuring test be used to rank different forms of artificial intelligence against one another? A) Because it requires a languages shared by the tester and human beings. B) Because it is impossible for the artificial intelligence to fool human beings C) Because there are only two results if one artificial intelligence is tested D) Because no artificial intelligence can communicate with human beings 63. In what way can Jose Hernandez-Orallo and David Dowe do better? A) They can offer one universal language in their test. B) The can offer more than two results in their test C) Theycanuse―bird-brained‖torefer to those not intelligent D) They can assess different forms of artificial intelligence in different languages. 64. Which of the following statements is NOT true about operant conditioning? A) This method was first used on pigeons B) The test subject has to try again and again until the problem is solved C) The test subject should be rewarded with something it likes, D) A computer should also be rewarded but by the numerical value. 65. What does Paragraph 4 imply? A) Chimpanzees are not as intelligent as human beings. B) Draughts and dominoes are not as difficult as chess C) Some existing games can measure different intelligence levels. D) Only games can serve as universal intelligence scale 66. What games and patterns will Dr Hernandez-Orallo and Dr Dowe generate? A) They should be about novels or other forms of literature B) They should be based on the existing human bias C) They should include tests in which even humanscan’tperform well D) They should stand the challenge of people from the planet Zaarg. Part V Cloze (15 minutes) 33 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choic‎‎es marked A, B, C, D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. "I'm feeling lucky – make it double or nothing." After the night gambling away, this is many a high-roller's mantra (咒语). Now we know 67: a single night of sleep is enoug 68h to shift a typical gambling strategy of defen potending 69tial losses 70 one in which bigger risks are taken of great in 71er prizes. Scott Huett at Duke Univeelrsity in Durham, North Carol29 adultina, 72 s from sleeping throughout the night. He then asked them to73 out a series of gambling tasks where they could manipulate their betti theirng optio brainns, while using 74 fMRI. 75 well-rested volunteers, the sleepchang-76 ed their behavior to pursue big wins 77 this meant taking greater risks. This 78 increased brain activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex(大脑正中前额页皮层) in compu, an area 79ting value. They also showed 80 activity in the right anterior insula following decisions that led to losses – an area linke emotions. d to 81 "82 together," says Huettel, "these effects may push people toward maladaptive(不适应的)behavior: seeki ng gains 83ignoring negative consequences." Crucially, this bias was 84 to the volunteers' level of alertness. So feeling fine after a 85 night is no 86 that you can think straight. 67. A) what C) why B) how D) who 68. A) lack C) robbery B) derivation D) deprivation 69. A) for C) into B) against D) out of 70. A) to C) of B) with D) in 71. A) pursuit C) case B) favor D) event 72 .A) ventured C) prohibited B) prevented D) forbidden 73. A) carry on C) carry out B) carry away D) carry off 74. A) scanning C) to scan B) scanned D) having scanned 75. A) Like C) As B) Unlike D) Being 76. A) deprived C) depriver B) depriving D) deprivation 77. A) if C) even though B) though D) in that 78. A) coined C) coordinated B) coincided D) coincident 79. A) charge C) device B) responsible D) instrumental 80. A) increased C) inclined B) decreased D) declined 81. A) negative C) addictive B) positive D) additional 82. A)Putting C) Taken 34 大学英语(4)重学练习题 B) Put D) To take 83. A) and C) when B) but D) while 84. A) related C) unrelated B) relative D) relating 85. A) sleepless C) sound B) sleepy D) soundless 86. A) evidence C) way B) guarantee D) doubt Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. Marrying to a foreigner would mean to ____________(使自己遵从当地的风俗). 88. There is an unhealthy trend among the teens to ____________(看不起那些求知好学、认真学习的同学). 89. Scientists sometimes _________________(将人脑比作电脑) . 90. It is an important strategy for a country to ______________(努力培育一片重视知识的文化沃土) . 91. Mary’ssmartness in making friends made her _________________(在新学校里马上就在社交方面取得成功). Model Test Seven Part ? writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Capability of Autonomous Learning. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 6. 自主学习越来越受到重视 7. 自主学习受到重视的原因 8. 提高自主学习能力的方法 Part? Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minut es) 35 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Tackling the Awkward From Wisconsin to Greece, pensions are being trimmed as governments try to get to grips with unsustainable state spending. In America and Britain a particular target is public-sector pensions, and the exercise is painful. On March 10th teachers, nurses and millions more learned that they would have to work longer before getting their pensions, as well as pay more towards them. Rumors of massive strikes are already rumbling. After the huge expansion of state and budget under Labor, it was inevitable that Britain’scoalition government would ask public-sector workers to take some pain. The fiscal austerity (财政紧缩) plan set out by George Osborne, the Tory chancellor of the exchequer, last June entails a three-pronged attack on state employment costs, through a two-year pay freeze, job losses and pension reform. Of these, an overdue overhaul of overgenerous pensions has always had enormous potential for sparking a clash with the trade unions, whose power base is now in the public sector. In a pre-emptive bid to head off trouble, Mr. Osborne asked John Hutton, a former Labor secretary for work and pensions, to head an independent commission looking into the matter. Mr. Osborne’smovewasshrewd. Lord Hutton, a politician of impeccable Blairite credentials, could not be attacked as a right-wing hatchet man. Instead he would look for reforms that were fair to both taxpayers and workers. The case for the sweeping changes he recommended this week is manifest. The costs of public-sector pensions have been ballooning in recent years. The benefits paid out from the five largest schemes (local government, the National Health Service, teachers, the civil service, the armed forces and others all have their own plans) have risen by a third in real terms over the past decade. As most are not funded, it is the taxpayer who has been picking up the growing tab. The value of the unfunded pension liabilities was put by the government actuary’sdepartment at ?770 billion ($1.25 trillion) in 2008; some reckon it could be around ?1 trillion. A particular concern is the widening disparity between public and private pensions. As private employers have woken up to the rising costs and big risks of providing final-salary schemes, based on years of service and end-of-career earnings, they have closed them first to new employees and increasingly to new accrual (自然增长) for existing staff. Pension provision through these defined-benefit (DB) schemes has been replaced by cheaper defined-contribution (DC) plans, in which workers build up their own retirement savings and bear the risk of disappointing investment returns, as well as the cost of living longer when they turn their pension pots into retirement income. By contrast, final-salary schemes remain alive and expensively kicking in the public sector. That has caused a startling gap to open up in coverage. Only a third of private workers are now in an employer-sponsored scheme (and of these the majority are in inferior DC plans) compared with around 85% of the public-sector workforce, almost all of whom are in DB schemes (see chart). Even though public workers make up only a quarter of all employees (ie, excluding the self-employed), 5.4m are building up pension rights through DB plans, whereas only 2.4m private-sector workers are doing the same. While private companies have responded to the soaring cost of pensions, the public sector has been laggardly. The normal pension age, typically 60 across the public sector, was pushed up to 65, the usual private-sector age, under Labor—but for new entrants. Contributions by workers stayed stuck at levels (6.5% of pay, on average) which meant more of the cost of provision fell on the taxpayer. Lord Hutton had set out some short-term reforms in early October. He advocated raising employee contribution rates (except for the armed forces, which at present make none at all). Mr. Osborne adopted that policy in his spending review later that month, resolving to raise rates by three percentage points on average by 2014-15, starting in Aprilfic 2012. The specichanges were expected in his budget on March 23rd, but have been delayed until June. This week saw proposals for fundamental long-term change. Lord Hutton has rejected the most far-reaching of all, to switch public employees from unfunded DB schemes to funded DC plans. One reason is that in the near term this would actually add to the budget deficit, as contributions were diverted from paying benefits to the new savings accounts. As important, such a change would provoke massive opposition from the trade unions. 36 大学英语(4)重学练习题 But if the government is to continue to offer DB pensions, these must be radically reshaped to make them affordable in the longer term. Lord Hutton has grasped the nettle whose sting so terrified Labor. The retirement age, he says, must increase for existing employees, so that across the main schemes it will reach 65. Moreover, it must then be linked to the age at which public and private workers alike become eligible for state pensions. This is due to rise to 66 by 2020 (women’spensionable age is rising from 60 to 65 by 2018, andwillthenbethesameasmen’s). Taxpayers will also be protectedby―automatic stabilisers‖, such as higher contribution rates if costs break through a fixed ceiling. These changes, especially the later retirement age, will infuriate public-sector workers already angered by cuts to public services, but their anger may be moderated by another proposal: letting them keep the benefits they have accrued by the time they make the transition. These would typically remain tied to the final salary at 60, and only future benefits would be affected by the higher retirement age. In another radical reform, Lord Hutton also wants to replace final-salary schemeswith―career average‖plans. Pensions would be based on average pay throughout an employee’sworking life, rather than in the last lap. This change will annoy high-fliers especially, but will give those who plod at the bottom a better deal. Conflict with the unions over these proposals is inevitable, though ministers are trying to get on to the front foot with other promises to simplify state pensions and tackle the means-testing that deters retirement saving. But Lord Hutton has at least handed the government a cleverly designed package that may make opposition less bitter than it would have been. The reforms will be painful but, as Lord Hutton points out, the higher pension age will in a sense just return the schemes to the 1980s, when public-sector pensioners could expect to spend a third of their adult lives in retirement rather than 40%-45% as is now the case. He has given the government a fighting chance of sorting out a problem that has been allowed to fester for too long. 1. What would public-sector workers do as far as pensions? A) They would work for more years before retirement. B) They would be paid more pensions once retired C) They would go on massive strikes D) They would be paid less once retired. 2. What did the author suggest in the second paragraph? A) Pension reform would face opposition from the trade unions B) The trade unions had strong power in the public sector C) Public-sector workers would benefit most from the reform D) Public-sector workers would be paid nothing within two years 3. Why was John Hutton asked to head an independent commission looking into the matter? A) Because he was a right-wing hatchet man B) Because he would take into account both taxpayers and workers C) Because he used to be a perfect statesman D) Because he was quite authoritative in the field of pension reform 4. How much did the taxpayer pay for the public-sector pensions in 2008 according to the government? A) ? 770 billion B) ? 1.25 trillion C) Around ? 1 trillion D) More than ? 1 trillion. 5. In what way is the DC plan different from the DB scheme? A) The DC plan is more expensive than the DB scheme. B) DC pensions cover almost all the public sector workforce C) DB pensions cover a great percentage of private sector workforce D) In DC plans, workers have to take more responsibility. 6. Which policy was adopted by Mr. Osborne? A) Switching public employees to funded DC plans B) Raising employee contribution rates 37 大学英语(4)重学练习题 C) Increasing the retirement age for existing employees D) Protecting taxpayersby―automatic stabilizers‖ 7. What will moderate the anger of public-sector workers? A) Later retirement age B) Cuts to public services C) Keeping the benefits they have accumulated D) Maintaining their benefits at 60 8. In one radical reform, Lord Hutton wants to use __________ instead of final-salary schemes. 9. _______________ has been handed to the government that may make opposition less bitter than it would have been. 10. In the 1980s, public-sector pensioners could expect to ___________ in retirement. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Property’sgriponpeople is merciless. After the worst housing crash in memory, almost two-thirds of Americans still think that property is a 47 investment. In Britain ministers hold summits to work out how to get first-time buyers into a market where prices are 48. In China anxious buyers queue to snaffle yet-to-be-built apartments. The world of commercial property is saner, but not by much. A bounceback in office values in Londo fearsn has 49 of a new bubble. Cranes dot the Chinese skyline, where more than 40% of the 50 to be built over the next six years will be 51. Property is more than just a place to live and work. For many people, it is the biggest financial 52 they will ever make. That bet has been disastrous for plenty of homeowners. Over a quarter of mortgage-holde more on theirrs in America 53 loans than their homes are worth. House prices there have fallen back to 2003 level—by 2.4% year-on-year in Decems and are still 54ber. A huge pipeline of foreclosed homes is still on its way to marketrans‎‎t: 55 actions account for 66% of sales in California. Prices will probably fall again this year, sapping confidence and preventing people from moving to find work. Programmes to modify mortgage payments have been disappointing: for some underwater borrowers it may make more 56 for the state to help reduce the principal. A) bet F) safe K) sense B) promoted G) declining L) dismissed C) skyscrapers H) soaring M) owe D) remained I) profitable N) falling E) preventing J) sited O) distressed Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Doctors may soon check weather reports before setting drug doses, now that it seems sunlight can affect how fast we metabolize drugs. Previous studies suggested that vitamin D, which is produced by the skin on sunny days, boosts the expression of a gene for the liver enzyme CYP3A4, which is involved in drug metabolism. 38 大学英语(4)重学练习题 To find out whether drug metabolism varies throughout the year, Erik Eliasson and his colleagues‎‎ at the Karol inskaInstitute in Stockholm, Sweden, investigated whether the concentration of immunosuppressant drugs (免疫抑制药品) in the blood varied between the summer and winter months. Over 10 years the team collected 70,000 blood samples from 6000 people who'd been taking one of three drugs broken down by CYP3A4, or another immunosuppressant metabolized in a different way. They compared the ratio of drug dose to blood concentration during the three-month periods associated with the highest and lowest vitamin D levels. Eliasson's team found that levels of two of the drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 were 7 per cent and 17 per cent lower suggesting that the body had broken them down more rapidly. In contrast, the drug metabolized by during the summer months, a separate mechanism showed no change. The team failed to see a difference in the third CYP3A4-metabolised drug, though they put this down to weaknesses in the method, and expect to see differences in follow-up studies. The findings could have implications for tailoring drug doses in countries where sunlight levels vary dramatically throughout the year. "It's a neat idea," says Robert Branc, direchtor of the Center for Clinical Pharmacology at the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. If you live in northern England and then go and sit on a Mediterranean beach for a month, that could be enough to have a relevant effect, he says. Eliasson reckons our ability to metabolize drugs and other toxins evolved to become more efficient in summer when animals would have been easier to hunt and humans would have eaten more bacteria-laden meat. 57. Why was CYP3A4 chosen to be applied in the research? A) Because it can break down the concentration of immunosuppressant drugs B) Because it involved in drug metabolism C) Because it can boost metabolism on sunny days D) Because it can has a relevant effect with metabolism 58. What do the findings of Eliasson imply? A) During sunnier weather, more of certain drugs would be needed to have the same effect B) During sunnier weather, less of certain drugs would be needed to have the same effect C) During cloudy weather, more of all drugs would be needed to have the same effect D) During cloudy weather, less of all drugs would be needed to have the same effect 59. Which of the following statements is true about the third CYP3A4-metabolised drug in Eliasson research? A) Its level is lower during the summer months B) Its level is higher during the winter months C) Its level remains the same in winter and in summer D) Its level was influenced by the weakness in the method 60. What can we know about the climate in northern England and that in a Mediterranean country? A) Both northern England and Mediterranean countries have enough sunlight B) Northern England has more sunlight than a Mediterranean country C) Northern England has less sunlight than a Mediterranean country D) Northern England has no more sunlight than a Mediterranean country 61. What can we lean from the last paragraph? A) Humans metabolize more drugs in summer B) Humans metabolize more toxins in summer C) Humans metabolize more bacteria in summer D) Humans can find more bacteria in animal meat in summer Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. 39 大学英语(4)重学练习题 BringingMars’rocks to Earth should be a top priority for NASA in the coming decade, says a high-level panel of planetary scientists. It also recommended a mission to Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, thought to harbor an ocean of liquid water beneath its surface. But if the agency cannot afford such multi-billion-dollar "flagship" missions, they should be delayed in favor of smaller missions, the panel says. The panel's recommendations are not binding, but the repor is likel‎‎ty to strongly influence NASA's decisions. As its name implies, the Planetary Science Decadal Surve is organ‎‎yized just once every 10 years by the National Academy of Sciences. It ranks the importance of missions to study planets and other objects in the solar system, excluding the sun and Earth. The report, released on Monday, covers the decade from 2013 to 2022. It recommends that NASA make a Mars sample return missi its top prioronity among its large planetary science missions. Bringing Martian rocks back to Earth would allow scientists to study them with a much wider array of instruments than can be packaged on a Martian rover. That in turn would allow scientists to better search for signs of past or present life, the report says. "If we are to advance our fundamental knowledge of whether life has existed elsewhere in the solar system, we have to bring samples back," agrees Jack Mustard of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, who was not a member of the panel. "We could go on for another 50 years sending rovers, but I think the next ultimate step in our understanding will come from sample return." The panel's second-highest priority for large missions is a probe that would. It would orbit‎‎ asses Europ‎‎as the moon's potential for hosting life by trying to confirm the presence of an ocean and determining how far the ocean lies below the moon's icy surface. NASA has already been studying the concept as part of a possible joint mission with the European Space Agency, which would supply an orbiter for Ganymede, another icy moon of Jupiter with a possible ocean beneath its surface. 62. What is the meaningof―binding‖inPara.2? A) Definite B) Authoritative C) Infinitive D) Definitive 63. What is the function of NASA? A) It organizes a conference every ten years B) It recommends legislation concerning planetary science C) It assembles scientists to study planets in the solar system D) It sets priorities in planetary science 64. Why is it necessary to bring mars rocks back to Earth? A) Because it is given top priority in planetary science B) Because it can bring evidence on whether life has existed there C) Because it can reduce the burden of the Martian rover D) Because it can help send Martian rovers for another 50 years 65. Why is Europa given the second-highest priority? A) Because they are trying to conform the existence of an ocean there. B) Because the European Space Agency has a similar mission. C) Because Europa and Ganymede are both moons of Jupiter. D) Because they expect a joint mission to save money. 66. What can you conclude about the most urgent task of planetary science? A) Searching for life B) Exploring the Mars C) Raising funds for research D) Sending probes and rovers Part V Cloze (15 minutes) 40 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choic‎‎es marked A, B, C, D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Space itself is neither hot nor cold. In the absence of stuff with thermal vibrationshas no meani (热震动), 67 ng. But there are plenty of cold things in space. In our 68 system, the coldest known spot is quite close. In 2009, NASA's Lunar 69 Reconnaissance Orbiter found 70 shadowed craters near the south pole of the moon that were 71 only 33 kelvin (-240 ?C)-colder even than any temperature yet 72 on dark and distant Pluto. As 73 continues and measurements improve, that 74 is likely to pass to some moon or dwarf planet 75 further from the sun, perhaps with its own 76 and frigid craters. 77 our solar system there are certain to be some even 78 rocks, and the coldest of all these lonely wanderers are likely to be found in space. 79 only by the weak microwave 80 of the big bang and a little of distant starlight, their temperature would be 81 3 K. 82 the 2.7 K microwave background bathes the entire universe, you might imagine that nothing could be colder than this. 83 . A gas cloud called the Boomerang nebula (星云), 5000 light years away, has a temperature of only 1 K. The nebula is expanding rapidly, which actively 84 its gas in the same way that 85 chills the coolant (冷却剂) in a domestic 86 or air conditioning unit. 67. A) space B) temperature C) vibration D) stuff 68. A) solar B) lunar C) special D) universal 69. A) by B) to C) with D) down 70. A) temporarily B) neighborly C) permanently D) likely 71. A) above B) below C) with D) at 72. A) taken B) measured C) got D) were 73. A) exploration B) discovery C) investigation D) inquiry 74. A) temperature B) distance C) record D) recording 75. A) very B) many C) lots of D) much 76. A) sheltered B) covered C) accommodated D) uncovered 77. A) Within B) Beyond C) In D) Besides 78. A) chilly B) chillier C) chilling D) chill 79. A) Warmed B) Heated C) Heated up D) Warmed up 80. A) glitter B) twinkle C) glow D) glare 81. A) not less than B)no less than C) not more than D) no more than 82. A) Once B) If C) Since D) When 83. A) True B) Not so C) Not yet D) Certainly 84. A) warms B) heats C) cools D) colds 85. A) expansion B) extension C) attention D) prevention 86. A) appliance B) refrigerator C) cooker D) microwave Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. ____________(你如果不系安全带的话), you may be taken to court and get fined. 88. In terms of experience, Mr. Green has the right stuff for the work, ____________(但目前他的健康状况不佳). 89. For some reason, she was not well prepared for the test. But _________________(她是个诚实的女孩), she would not cheat at an exam. th90. Some construction workers ______________(偶然发现一些古币) that were made in the 9 century. 91. The little girl was alert to every sound in the house, _________________(因为她被那恐怖电影吓到了). 41 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Model Test Eight Part ? writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Applying for no-pay Jobs. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 有的大学生零工资 2. 分析原因 3. 采取的措施 Part? Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minut es) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The WiFi Degree Luis Figueroa lives down the street from UC Merced, the newest campus in the University of California system. So it's not surprising that the 21-year-old studies from the comfort of his own home. But he's not enrolled at Merced: from his living-room computer, Figueroa is earning his bachelor's degree in business administration at Columbia College in Missouri, some 2,000 miles away. At $630 per course—about $1,800 per semester—his online degree will cost far less than even in-state tuition at UC. Not only that, Figueroa is able to continue working full time in a management-training job with AT&T in Merced, a job he feels lucky to have in the current economic climate. "Once I realized I had time constraints, I knew the traditional classroom wouldn't work," he says. "Courses online are open 24 hours a day, and I'm able to go there any time I want." That convenience is one of the main reasons nearly 4 million American students took at least one online course in the 2007–08 school year, according to a study by the Sloan Foundation. The same study found that online enrollment is growing at a rate more than 10 times that of the higher-education population at large—12.9 percent vs. 1.2 percent for traditional "in seat" students. Nowhere is the growth faster than among younger students like Figueroa who are opting for online learning, even when the traditional classroom is—in his case—right outside the front door. "This is a generation that lives online," says Vicky Phillips, founder and CEO of Geteducated.com, a service that ranks online learning institutions. "Everything is instant, accelerated, and accessible, and they expect their education to be that way too. For them there is no clear line between the virtual world and the actual world." Once targeting at older, working adults, distance learning has moved into the education mainstream at stunning speed over the past couple of years, as technology allows ever-richer, more-interactive learning experiences online—and as college costs continue to rise and classrooms are packed to capacity. For traditional brick-and-mortar institutions, that has meant a scramble 42 大学英语(4)重学练习题 to enter a lucrative market that used to be the exclusive territory of for-profit institutions such as the University of Phoenix and Kaplan University (which, like NEWSWEEK, is owned by The Washington Post Company). Established brand-name educators—including Stanford, Cornell, Penn State, and MIT, which has placed its entire curriculum online through its OpenCourseWare program—now offer extensive online learning options and are competing with the for-profits for students. "The stigma (瑕疵) is gone," says Phillips. "Online learning has reached mass cultural acceptance. It's no longer the ugly stepsister of the higher-education world." Online offerings these days can sometimes even surpass the classroom experience. Aaron Walsh, a professor at Boston College and a former videogame designer, has pioneered Immersive Education, a method of teaching through virtual worlds. Meeting in Second Life instead of a physical classroom, says Walsh, allows for some feats that gravity renders impossible, like having art-history students fly to the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel or biology majors to take a Magic Schoolbus–like trip through the human body. Using videos, podcasts, live chats, Webcams, and wikis, educators increasingly see online learning as a way to engage the videogame generation with pedagogy (教育法)that feels more like entertainment than drudgery. Students in the new homeland-security master's degree program at the University of Connecticut this fall, for example, will have coursework that resembles Grand Theft Auto: dwelling in a cybercity called San Luis Rey plagued with suicide bombers, biochemical attacks, and other disasters. At Arizona State, students in an Introduction to Parenting class raise a "virtual child." They have to post the progress of their online charge through all the phases of childhood. "The classes are so much more interactive, and I can log on when I'm most ready to learn," says Jaquelyn Holleran, a junior majoring in family and human development at ASU. "I like that so much better than having to rush to class or sit through a lecture that's boring." As the largest generation since the baby boom attends college at a time of shrinking budgets and soaring costs, many educators believe that online learning holds the greatest promise for expanding the capacity of the U.S. higher-education system. And digital classrooms will surely play an important role in helping the Obama administration pursue its goal of raising the percentage of college graduates in the U.S. to first in the world by 2020 (at least 10 other countries now stand in the way). The surge in students with jobs and families, and those in the military, has also caused online enrollments to soar. Sarah Gerke, an Army private stationed in Iraq, keeps up with her coursework at Columbia College in Missouri, despite the occasional bombing. "Even if I could attend in person," she writes in an e-mail from Camp Liberty, "I think I would stick with online classes for the convenience." For public institutions such as the University of Michigan and the University of Massachusetts, online learning not only extends their brand, it's a cost-effective way to serve more students. At UMassOnline, enrollment among students under the age of 25 has increased 91 percent over the past three years. At Thomas Edison State College in Trenton, N.J., that growth rate over the same period is more than 100 percent. "The best way to lower the cost of higher education is to graduate on time," says UMass president Jack Wilson. "More and more we see students using online learning as an accelerator, a way to move more quickly through their undergraduate program." Another important factor that has closed the prestige gap is the tight integration of online programs into their host institutions. When UMass launched UMassOnline in 2001, it used the same admission standards, the same faculty, the same curricula—and it awarded students degrees indistinguishable from those given to campus-going counterparts. The vision of UMassOnline as a seamless division of the university worked because "it fit with the culture of the institution," says Wilson, who was the CEO of UMassOnline until 2003, when he became the president of UMass. The venture has also been extremely profitable—UMassOnline earned $46.8 million in 2008. Despite the popularity of online learning, there are shortcomings. Students may save money and time, but they give up college social life. Chat boards are hardly a substitute for the camaraderie of the dorm—or the richness of cultural life on campus. And while it's easy to move ahead in an online course, there's no one looking over your shoulder in a virtual classroom. "You have to be good at planning your time," says ASU's Holleran. "If you don't you're going to fall behind." Then again, help is only an e-mail away. 1. Why is Luis Figueroa menti‎‎oned in Paragraph One? A) Leading readers to the topic online courses. 43 大学英语(4)重学练习题 B) Showing readers the convenience of online courses. C) Providing online courses economical D) Demonstrating the flexibility of online courses. 2. What does Vicky Phillips mean? A) The young lack the ability to distinguish the virtual world form the actual one. B) The young accept everything that is instant, accelerated, and accessible. C) The young accept the virtual world as a part of their actual life. D) The young prefer to live online rather than in the actual world. 3. What id true about older, working adults? A) They prefer the traditional brick-and-mortar institutions. B) They accept instance learning at very astonishing speed. C) Theydon’tmindtheever-increasing education cost. D) They admit modern technology which brings more interactive learning experience. 4. What is Immersive Education? A) A meeting in second life. B) An online teaching method C) Something achieving impossible. D) An online entertainment. 5. Where can students raise a―virtual child‖intheparenting class? A) Boston College B) University of Connecticut C) ASU D) MIT 6. What leads to the soaring of online enrollments? A) The educational goal of Obama administration. B) The baby boom after WWII C) The soaring budgets D) More and more students with families and jobs. 7. What is one of the goals of the Obama administration? A) Raising the percentage pf college graduates in the U.S. to first in the world by 2020. B) Expanding the capacity of the U.S. higher education system. C) Building the most digital classrooms in the world. D) Making all soldiers stationed in Iraq keep up with their coursework. 8. According to Jack Wilson, graduating on time is the best way to ______. 9. In order to close the prestige gap, UMass used the same _______. 10. Through online learning, students can save time and money at the expense of ________. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. The World Health Organization says alcohol abuse is the third leading cause of death and disability in the world. A new WHO report says the harmful use of alcohol kills two and one-half million people a year. And offic is needeials say 47d to reduce the problem. The WHO 48 the "Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2011" last week. The report shows young people at risk. It says three hundred twenty thousand people between the ages of fifteen and twenty-nine die yearl alcohol relaty 49 ed causes. That is nine percent of all deaths in that age group. Shekhar Saxena is director of the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse at the World Health Organization. He says alcohol is 50 for one-third of the deaths among young people in some parts of the world, particularly in Africa and 44 大学英语(4)重学练习题 Asia, which have less powerful regulations and which have less healt." h services 51 The World Health Organization report finds that six percent of all male deaths world to alcohwide are 52 ol. This is true in only one percent of female deaths. Diseases like cirrhosis of the liver, cancer, heart and blood system diseases are the others. The WHO report says alcohol abuse also 53 to the development of two hundred other diseases. The WHO has a plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. It inclu taxesdes 54 on alcohol, 55 the number of places to buy alcohol and raising the drinking age. Officials say other measures include effective drunk drivi some ng laws and 56 alcohol advertising. A) measures F) released K) reducing B) published G) raising L) related C) imposing H) responsible M) from D) involved I) action N) banning E) available J) adds O) distressed Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Whether Antarctica's ice will survive a warmer world is one of the great puzzles of climate science. Now it seems vast expanses of ice may have hung on for the past 200,000 years, surviving the last interglacial (间冰期). The west Antarctic ice sheet's base is below sea level, which should make it unstable. If it were to collapse the torrent of fresh water could raise global sea level by 5 metres. Whether or not this will happen as temperatures climb is a hotly debated topic. A new study by David Sugden at the University of Edinburgh, UK, and colleagues suggests the ice sheet may be more stable than we thought. They studied the Heritage range of mountains near the central dome of the west Antarctic ice sheet. Specifically, the researchers looked at blue-ice moraines (冰渍石), where winds erode the ice in topological (地质学的) depressions, exposing the rocks beneath. Sugden's team found evidence that the moraines had been forming for at least 200,000 years, suggesting that ice has covered the area for at least that long, and therefore survived the last interglacial 125,000 years ago. Don't expect this to be the final word on the matter. A recent study by Robert Kopp at Princeton University suggests sea levels were 8 to 9 metres higher than now during the last interglacial, in part due to the west Antarctic ice sheet melting. If Sugden's team is correct, that amount of sea level rise would be unlikely. "Working out who is right is a frustrating and intriguing scientific riddle that we'd love to uncover", says Richard Alley of Pennsylvania State University in University Park. Even if the central parts of the ice sheet can survive a warming climate, melting is likely at the extremities, says Sugden. Tim Naish of Victoria University in Wellington, New Zealand, agrees. With melting at the edges and in Greenland, "we're looking at a rise of one metre plus or minus 0.5 metres" by 2100, he says - double the maximum predicted in 2007 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 57. Why is the west Antarctic ice sheet unstable? A) Because some parts of it are beneath the sea. B) Because it cannot withstand the torrent of fresh water. C) Because temperatures climb very fast. D) Because it is shrinking these years. 58. What supports the research findings by David Sugden and colleagues? 45 大学英语(4)重学练习题 A) The blue-ice moraines that survived at least 200,000years. B) The cosmic radiation which produced the moraine for beryllium isotopes. C) The last interglacial that happened 125,000 years ago. D) The winds that erode the ice in topological depression. 59. What does the study by Robert Kopp imply? A) Sea level used to be 8 to 9meters higher than now. B) Antarctic ice is not as stable as Sugden suggested. C) Sugden’steamiscorrect. D) Whether Antarctic ice is stable is a riddle. 60. Which is true according to Tim Naish about Antarctic ice? A) The ice sheet is likely to melt in extremely warm weather. B) The melting in Greenland alone can lead to the rise of sea level. C) Experts used to underestimate the maximum of ice melting. D) The central parts of the ice sheet can survive a warming climate 61. What’stheattitude of the author towards the melting of Antarctic ice? A) Positive. B) Negative. C) Neutral. D) Objective. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Modern technology means stealing answers and sharing them has never been easier. Indeed, the problem has got so bad that, on March 1st, the Japanese government asked the country’suniversities to ban mobile phones from the rooms they use to conduct their entrance exams. Nor are students the only cheats. Teachers, whose salaries often depend on the success of their charges, are not above dropping the odd hint about what is the right answer before or during a test—or even correcting test papers after the event. And the invigilators who police the actual exam are not always immune to bribery, either. Conversely, however, technology allows cheats to be detected more easily than before. An arms race has thus devels and oped between cheatexam setters. Data-forensics (数据取证) software detects cheating by calculating the probabilities of particular patterns of answers being honest. This software exploits the relentless logic of combinatorial statistics. A correct answer is a correct answer, of course, but unless a candidate answers all questions correctly (itself an event that might at least raise suspicions), the mix of right and wrong answers provides information that can point to collaboration. If two candidates’patterns of answear rs are similor identical, warning flags go up. If more than two, hanky-panky is a racing certainty. Sudden improvements in scores by an individual candidate, compared with previous attempts, also raise an electronic eyebrow. Crossing an international border to take a test is suspicious, too, and doubly so if it is from a place generally reckoned clean to one generally reckoned corrupt. American candidates who fly all the way to, say, India, for their exams may thus find themselves with some explaining to do. A company called Kryterion scrutinises (仔细观察) matters even more closely than that. Kryterion administers its tests online, and the invigilators sit at its headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona, watching test-takers around the world through webcams and never meeting them in person. The opportunities for envelopes stuffed with banknotes to change hands are thus minimised. Software that recognises facial features and keystroke rhythms stops candidates being impersonated by professional exam sitters. 62. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned about teachers who cheat on exams? A) They upload the answers before the exams. B) They give more points when grading papers. C) They take bribery without being discovered by the invigilators. D) They launch an arms race against exam setters. 63. Data-forensics software can find suspicion in the following conditions EXPECT__________. A) When all the answers are correct, B) When two candidates’patterns of answers are similar 46 大学英语(4)重学练习题 C) When more than two candidates have the identical pattern of answer D) When one candidate raises his performance suddenly in one test. 64. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A) Electronic computers can raise an eyebrow. B) Taking a test in another country surely means cheating. C) India is thought of as a corrupt country compared with the U.S. D) American candidates have to give a detailed explanation before flying to India. 65. What does Kryterion do towards online exams? A) It uses webcams to watch test-takers around the world and meet some suspicious candidates. B) It uses software to recognize facial features to avoid professional exam sitters. C) It gives envelopes stuffed with money to the local authorities for help. D) It stops candidates if they change their keystroke rhythms. 66. What’sthepassage mainly about? A) The ways to cheat on exams with the help of technology. B) The ways to detect cheats on exams with the help of technology. C) Technology as a necessary evil on a variety of exams. D) Technology and exam cheating. Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. The controversy over animal cruelty never stops bullf. The 67 ighting tradition 68 heated discussions in Spain. In fact, as of 2012, there will no longer be bullfights in Catalonia. Russia doesn’thaveanybullfights to begin with, and for good 69 — they were banned in 2001 after being as a crime 70 against animals. But of course Russia has 71 matters of its own that are the source of 72 debate. Yury Kuklachov’sfamous Cat Theater, founded in 1989, is constantly criticizedanima for 73 ls to cruelty so they can 74 their tricks. Kuklachov himself has been accused, for example, of putting cats in hot frying pans so that they will jump from one to another. In 2009, publicist Mikhail Verbitski sued Kuklachov, callinghima―butcher,‖, and also accus 75 ed him of using 76 shocks to train his cats. The 77 against Kuklachov were dropp the specued, 78 lation continues Animal protection laws exist in all developed countries, and these regulations are aimed at makin for g pet owners 79 their animals’lives. Perhaps some are too strict, while may seem cruel 80, but they achieve their goal: It is difficult to find stray dogs on the streets in developed countries. Russia, on the other hand, is 81 these kinds of regulations. In 2002 the Moscow mayor’soffice decided to use more 82 methods to avoid animal euthanasia and slaug the new plan, strayhter. 83 animals were sterilized and put back on the streets. Years later, Mosco had to admitw 84 the experiment was a 85 ; the number of abandoned dogs continued to 86 . 67. A) famous B) distinguished C) well-known D) infamous 68. A) triggers B) produces C) brings forward D) brings out 69. A) policy B) measure C) action D) guideline 70. A) considered B) regarded C) categorized D) treated 71. A) controversial B) quarrelsome C) argumentative D) talkative 72. A) infinite B) finite C) nonfinite D) definite 73. A) devoting B) dedicating C) giving D) subjecting 74. A) achieve B) perform C) fulfill D) accomplish 75. A) besides B) among C) expect D) in addition to 47 大学英语(4)重学练习题 76. A) electrical B) electricity C) electric D)power 77. A) charges B) damages C) complaints D) coats 78. A) and B) therefore C) though D) but 79. A) responsible B) charged C) blamed D) attending 80. A) some B) others C) the other D) another 81. A) for B) supporting C) fighting D) against 82. A) human B) humanism C) humane D) humanist 83. A) Form B) In C) According to D) In response to 84. A) authorities B) authority C) author D) governments 85. A) success B) failure C) deal D) regulation 86. A) decrease B) vary C) expand D) increase Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. The importance of quitting smoking ____________(无论如何强调都不过分). 88. According to my personal experience____________(微笑已带给我许多好处). 89. _________________(不管任务多么艰巨), we must accomplish it in time. 90. ______________(直到失去健康) people know the value of health. 91.This leaflet tells you _________________(怎样在旅行期间防止生病). 48 大学英语(4)重学练习题