国际音标学习
一、元音
前元音:[ i ] [ i: ] [ e ] [ æ ]
中元音:[ə] [ə:]
后元音: [ʌ] [a:] [u] [u:] [ɔ] [ɔ:]
合口双元音: [ei] [ai] [ɔɪ] [əu] [au]
集中双元音:[iə] [ɛə] [uə]
二、辅音
爆破音: [ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ] [ p ]
摩擦音: [ f ] [ v ] [ θ ] [ ð ] [ s ] [ z ]
[ ʃ ] [ ᶾ ] [ h ] [ r ]
破擦音: [tᶾ ] [dᶾ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]
鼻辅音: [ m ] [ n ] [ ŋ ]
舌边音: [ l ] 半元音:[ w ] [ j ]
辅音可分为清辅音和浊辅音(声带震动)。
发音练习
一、单元音
/i:/ e, ee, ea, ie
be me we he ,see free tree three, eat meal clean please, belief
/i/ i, e, u, y
it sit bit fit big pig ,pretty begin delay return, busy
/i/-- /i:/
sin—seen fill-feel hill-heel sick—seek pitch—peach
/e/ e, ea, ie, a
get wet neck check bed egg , friend, dead , any many
/æ/ a
cap map fat hat bad mad back family man catch
/æ/--/e/
bag—beg gas—guess bad—bed land—lend sand—send
/ɔ/ o a
top shop hot God lock ,what wash watch
/ɔ:/ aw ou/au al oar o or a ar
saw law, bought daughter, talk wall hall , board , story , horse forty , water always almost, quarter
/ɔ/--/ɔ:/
chock—chalk stock—stalk not--naught
/ u / u oo ou o
put push bush bull full, foot look book , should could would , woman
/ u:/ o oo u
do who lose , too food tooth moon cool , blue true
/a:/ ar a
arm art hard March army, last class glass after father
/ /\ / u ou o
up cup mud such gun fun sun, rough tough touch cousin, come some son none one
/ /\ /--/ a:/
cut—cart luck—lark hut—heart duck—dark much—march
/ə:/ ur ir er or ear our
hurt nurse church, shirt bird third , her term perfect,
word worst, heard early , journey
/ə/ a er or ar
ago again above agree about abroad asleep, teacher winter worker daughter mother writer, doctor, sugar
二、双元音
/ei/ ay ey a ai
pay day way today , they , date late take same game, wait paid main tail
/əu/ o ou ow oa
go so no hope home comb old cold hol,though,show low, soap boat coat
/ai/ e i y
eye ,tie die high light ride life ice size, why type fly
/au/ ow ou
now town brown tower, out mouth south about
/ɔi/ oy oi
boy toy ,choice voice noise join coin oil soil
/iə/ ear eer ere ea e
ear dear near hear clear ,cheer deer beer,sincere,
real really realize idea , experience
/eə / air ear are ere
air pair fair hair repair ,bear wear ,dare care share
/uə/ oor our ur
poor moor,tour ,sure pure cure
三、清浊对应辅音
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /ɵ/ /ð/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /tʃ / /dʒ/
/tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/
/p/ /b/
pea—be pay-bay path-bath cup—cub tap—tab pit-bit
/t/ /d/
tie-die tip-dip time-dime heart-hard bet--bed
/k/ /g/
card-guard class-glass cold-gold back-bag back—bag dock—dog duck—dug
/f/ /v/
leaf—leave safe—save proof—prove calf—carve life—live fast—vast feel—veal ferry—very few—view
/s/ /z/
/s/ sit stand rice seven sister serve house science
/z/ size houses busy lazy jazz
/ɵ/ /ð/
/ɵ/ thanks think Thursday thirsty thunder birthday
/ð/ this that they father mother brother another
/ɵ/-/s/
thin—sin thing—sing think—sink thick—sick thank—sank
thought—sought theme--seem
/ʃ/ /ʒ/
/ʃ/ fish dish wash machine a washing machine
/ʒ/ measure pleasure casual television
/tʃ / /dʒ/
/tʃ / Teach touch reach rich China charming chilly
/dʒ/ judge orange jam jazz enjoy join jeans
/tr/ /dr/
/tr/ try trousers tree travel true truth
/dr/ dry driver drink dress draw
/ts/ /dz/
/ts/ cats sweets eats hats pets shirts
/dz/ hands heads beds birds reads friends
四、其他单个辅音: /l/ /r/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /w/ /h/ /j/
/l/
lock lake law like love life class glove
smile bell milk help health oil mile
不发音calm half talk walk folk could would should
/r/
read write ride rain worry try dry truck rock free
/m/
mother morning meeting may movie music
/n/
nice seven night eleven sun moon million
/ŋ/
long wrong sing singer ring drink drank drunk
/w/
wait wake walk want water wash week
/h/
hear heart high help hospital hope
/j/
yard year young yellow yes yesterday your