常见短暂性动词

常见短暂性动词 11. end/finish ?be over (been over) The film ended 30 minutes ago. 常见的短暂性动词 The film has been over for 30 minutes. 12. fall asleep ?be asleep (been asleep) 1. buy?have (had为过去分词,下同) He fell asleep 3 hours ago. I bought the book 3 days ago.He has been asleep for 3 hours. I have had the book for 3 days . 13. get up ?be up (been up) 2. borrow?keep (kept) I got up 3 hours ago. I borrow the book 3 days ago. I have been up for 3 hours. I have kept the book for 3 days. 14. wake up ?be awake (been awake) 3. put on ?wear (worn) I woke up 3 hours ago. I put on the coat 3 hours ago. I have been awake for 3 hours. I have worn the coat for 3 hours. 15. get out/go out ?be out (been out) 4. get to know?know (known) He got out 3 hours ago. I got to know him 3 days ago. He has been out for 3 hours. I have known him for 3 days. 16. leave sp.(离开某地) ?be away from sp. 5. catch a cold?have a cold (had a cold ) I left home 3 days ago. I caught a cold 3 days ago. I have been away from home for 3 days. I have had a cold for 3 days. 17. leave for sp.(动身去某地)?be away for sp. 6. start to do sth./begin to do sth. ?do sth He left for Shanghai 3 days ago . I started to learn English 3 years ago. He has been away for Shanghai for 3 days. I have learnt English for 3 years. 18. lose ?be lost/be missing/not see 7. close?be closed“关着的”(been closed) I lost my pen 3 days ago . The shop closed 3 days ago. My pen has been lost for 3 days. The shop has been closed for 3 days . 19. die ?be dead (been dead) 8. open?be open“是开着的”(been open) He died 3 days ago . The shop opened 3 hours ago . He has been dead for 3 days . The shop has been open for 3 hours. 20. become ?be (been) 9. get to sp./arrive at sp./arrive in sp. He became a worker 3 years ago. /reach sp./come to sp./go to sp. He has been a worker for 3 years. ?be at sp.(小地点)/be in sp.(大地点) 21. join ?be a member of/be in/ be with I got to Shanghai 3 days ago. I joined the army 3 years ago . I have been in Shanghai for 3 days. I have been a member of the army for 3 years. 10. begin/start ?be on (been on) 22. stop doing sth. ?not do sth. The film began 30 minutes ago. I stopped smoking 3 years ago. The film has been on for 30 minutes. I haven’t smoked for 3 years. 23. catch the bus ?take the bus (taken the bus) I caught the bus 3 minutes ago . I have taken the bus for 3 minutes. 24.hear/find/find out等也是示结果的短暂性动词。而1 至23都是表示状态或位置变化的短暂性动词。 25、注意事项: ?、短暂性动词的肯定形式不能与一段时间(包括how long)连用.而短暂性动词的否定形式/ be+表语/keep+表 语/stay+表语/持续性动词等结构方可与一段时间连用。 ?、since…/ ever since… /until… /till… /for… /from…to… /by now /up to now /so far /since then / in one’s life等结构都是表示一段时间。How long 是用来对 一段时间提问的，也应看着是一段时间。 ——Written by Mr. Song ———— Dec. 12, 2013