自考英语语法

自考英语语法 自考英语语法(电子 自考英语语法 电子书) 电子书 1/41 自考英语语法(电 子书 自考英语语法 电子书)第一篇 句法类 电子书 一、语从句 1( 定义:用 作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2( 构成:关联词+简单句 3( 引导表语从句的关 联词的种类: (1) 从属连词 that。如: The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻 烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词 whether, as, as if。如: He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问是他们是否能帮我们。 注:从属连词 if 一般不用来引 导表语从句，但 as if 却可引导表语从句，如: All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday. 这都是 20 多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表 语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词 be, seem, look 等。如: It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 (3)连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释: 解释: 1( 连词 because 可引导表语从句。 如: I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2( 在 一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。 should+动词原形表示， should 可省略。如: My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 二、主语从句 1 定义:用作 主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2( 构成:关联词+简单句 3( 引导主语从句的关联 词有三类: (1) 从属连词 that。 如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词 whether。如: Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清 楚。 (3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连 接副词 where, when, how, why。如: What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不 清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释: 解释: 1( 主语 从句能用 it 作形式上的主语。常以 it 作形式主语的句型有: A. It+be+形容词 (obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that 从句。如: 自考英语语法(电子书 自考英语语法 电子书) 电子书 2/41 It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 从句。如: It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗 憾我们不能去。 It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这 场比赛真意外。 C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that 从句。如: It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。 It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 D. It+seem, happen 等不及物动词及短语+that 从句。如: It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice 似乎不来参加晚会。 It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。 E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接 副词引起的主语从句。如: It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来 这无关紧要。 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开 会毫无区别。 F. 当 that 引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以 it 作形式主语， 而把主语从句后置。如: Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下 周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗, Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗, G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如: How strange it is that the child