将来完成时

将来完成时 Unit 13-Unit 18 重、难点 1. p203 将来完成时 2. p223 already /still / yet 3. p257 反意疑问句 4. can示推测 5. p247表达数量 none of those/none of us hardly anyone of them a few people/a few of them most children/most of the children nearly all the children/all of the children 6. p253 to tell和to ask tell sb about sth tell sb to do sth/tell sb not to do sth ask about sth ask sb to do sth/ask sb not to do sth p203 将来完成时 用法:表示在将来某一时间前已完成的动作。应该有一个表示将来的时间状语,通常用by+将来时间或before+将来时间,词或从句, (均表示“不迟于…,在…之前”)连用。(注意:这时时间从句要用一般现在时表示将来) 构成,will/shall have+过去分词 到明年年底，我们将建立起全套完备的计算机设备。 We ____ a full range of computing facilities by the end of next year. A. will have set up B. set up C. setting up D. are setting up 答案A。状语是表示将来时间，主句用将来完成时 在完成所有“通达”课程后，他将能获得“通达”合格证。 By the time he ____ the course, he will have earned a Direct Certificate. A. will complete B. completes C. completing D. completed 答案B。主句为将来完成时，时间状语所包含的从句要用一般现在时表示将来 在任命新的教务主管之前,他们会已经买到所有计算机了吗? 1 Will they have bought all the computers before they ____ a new Director of Studies? A. will appoint B. appointing C. appoint D. appointed 答案C。主句为将来完成时疑问式，时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来 复习,if从句和when从句也用一般现在时表示将来时间 如果下雨就推迟排球赛。 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___ tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rain D. rained 答案B。真实条件句:主句为将来时，if从句用一般现在时表示将来时间。p183 我做完工作之后就去做健身锻炼。 When I ____ work, I’ll go to the gym. A. will finish B. finishes C. finish D. finished 答案 C。主句为将来时，when从句用动词的一般现在时表示将来时间。p183 1. p223 still / yet /already still意为"仍然，还"，谈论事情及状况的持续，常位于句子中部。 , She is still watching TV. 她仍然在看电视。 , Do you still want to go to the party or have you changed your mind? 你仍然想去参加聚会还是已经改变了主意, 在现在完成时的否定句中,位于否定词前,,则带有吃惊或不耐烦的感情色彩. , My neighbor hit my car last week and he still hasn’t apologized. 我邻居上周撞了我的车，可他到现在还没道歉。 yet多用于疑问句和否定句中，谈论某事是否已经发生。在疑问句中，意为"已经"，在否定句中意为"还，尚",not yet可用于简略回答，意为"还没有"。yet通常放在句末。 Have you finished the report yet? 你已经把报告写出来了吗, He hasn't finished reading the book yet. 他还没有读完这本书。 比较: He still hasn't finished reading the book.(带感情色彩:他早该读完了) already常用于肯定句中, 表示事情的发生比预料的快，"已经"，常置于句子中部或尾部。 I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。 There are too many hotels already.这儿的饭店已经够多了。 补充练习: The teacher hasn't given any books to the students yet 2 Ben has put his book back on the table but the others still have theirs. Everyone has already had one. 3. p257 反意疑问句 结构:陈述句+逗号+句尾问句 特点: 1. 陈述句若是肯定结构，句尾即用否定结构，且要用缩略形式。例:He has been there, hasn’t he? 2. 陈述句若是否定结构，句尾句则用肯定结构; 3. 如果陈述句的主语不是代词，在句尾句中要用适当的代词指代陈述句中的主语。 Mary will go, won’t she? You can come, can't you, There's someone there, isn't there, We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 注意: Let's 开头的祈使句，后面用shall we? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句，后面用will you? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 祈使句的反意疑问句，后面用will you。 Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you ? 陈述句中使用I’m…, 句尾问句应为aren’t I. I’m the next, aren’t I. 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。 Everything is ready, isn't it? 陈述句主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，句尾问句用复数代词they. Everyone knows the answer, don't they? Nobody knows about it, do they? 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 The Swede made no answer, did he / she? Some plants never bloom (开花), do they ? 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isn't it? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 3 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况: a. 上述部分主句谓语是“think认为, believe相信, expect预料, suppose猜想, imagine以为”等引出的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语 从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 I don't think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, can't she? b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定: He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? c. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he? 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。 We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。 She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。 He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。 What colors, aren't they? What a smell, isn't it? 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be there now, isn't he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 4 He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 4. 表示推测 can表示怀疑、猜测、惊异。例如: ——Someone is knocking at the door.有人敲门。 ——Who can it be,Can it be Ling Feng,会是谁呢,难道是凌峰, That man can’t be our headmaster。Our headmaster has gone to England. 那个人不可能是我们的校长，我们校长去英国了。 must表示很有把握的推断。例如: Miss Gao must be in the office.高老师一定在办公室里。 This must be Wang Hai’s book.这一定是王海的书。 注意: 1.must表推断时的否定形式是can’t (表示 “不可能” \ “肯定不”) mustn’t表示 “不准” \ “不许” 2. must表示 “必须” 时,其否定形式是needn’t (不必 ) 重要词汇和短语 Unit 13 Education at school and university 重要短语或词: a range of 各种的 such as 例如 at the age of 11 在11岁的时候for example 例如 as well as 而且no longer…不再…prepare for为..做准备 make a lot of mistakes犯很多错误take up a new hobby开始培养一种爱好, take on 雇佣, 承担as you know正如你们所知道的 pay back 还钱stick to 坚持make ends meet 使收支平衡 after all 毕竟be fed up with厌烦… on a bus 在公共汽车上 at the station 在车站, spokesperson发言人 study language related to education and university studies学习与教育及大学学习相关的词汇 nursery school幼儿园, state school公立学校, secondary school初中, foundation course基础课,start school开始上学 take examinations in place of sb / take tests for sb代替某人参加考试, gunhand枪手, benefit from受益于work hard努力学习,play hard尽情玩, keep things in perspective(视角)正确认识事物, pass an exam考试通过, go on doing 继续做, deny personating others否认假冒他人, stop/end cheating停止作弊 Unit 14 Learning and learning styles学习与学习方式 重要短语: rather than…而不是… prefer to do sth 喜欢干某事 prefer doing A to doing B喜欢做A甚于做B, be used to+doing 习惯于做up and down来来回回 It's good for 对…是有好处的 so that 以致try on 试穿 5 take off 脱下 put on 穿上pay for 付钱 complain about 抱怨be engaged in参加,从事 in particular特别地,There is no point in doing sth.干某事毫无用处. study language of education and training and of information the visual learner视觉型学习者, the auditory learner听觉型学习者, kinaesthetic learner动觉型学习者 be on holiday度假, be on business出差, I have been on the course for a week.我已经参加课程学习一个星期了. Life-long study终生学习full training全方位, on-the-job training在职培训, a sandwich course工读交替制课程, a day-release scheme定时脱产学习, hunt for a job找工作, job prospects就业前景, long term长期, chat room聊天室, search engine搜索引擎, customer care客户关怀, a full range of一整套, online tutoring网上辅导, online tutorial网上个别辅导 video conferencing视频会议, be engaged in从事, set up建立, physical activity体育活动 Unit 15 Town life 城镇生活 重要短语: at great speed 高速地 make way for 给…让路 a variety of各种各样的in his 70s在他七十几岁的时候 be pleased with对…感到高兴make a good decision 做决定 be full of 充满…all kinds of 各种各样的 get more feedback from the public从公众那得到更多反馈信息hold up使…停顿 back up 排成长龙 push forward 推动set off出发 slow down慢下来 catch up with 赶上某人get on a bus上一辆公共汽车 get off a bus 下一辆公共汽车 a number plate车牌,tow away拖走 学习有关城镇极其发展的语言 conservation area保护区 crowd around…聚集在… push forward推进, at great speed高速地, make way for让位于, a variety of各式各样的, hold up使停顿, back up车辆排成长队,get hurt受伤, knock down拆, chop down伐倒, the Olympic Games complex奥林匹克体育运动中心, shopping mall购物中心 Unit 16 Crime and Justice犯罪与司法 重要短语: To commit a crime/an offence犯罪witness证人 victim受害者 break-in非法闯入in court受审 be guilty of犯….罪 be convicted of 被宣判… to arrest sb for sth因某犯罪行为拘捕某人 to sentence sb to three years in prison判处某人三年徒刑have enough of sb 对…感到无法忍受 compared with与…比较wake up醒来 switch on the light 开灯 pull up 停下out of sight 看不见 prevent sth from doing 防止某事发生break in 非法闯入 be proud of 以…为骄傲 be jealous of嫉妒…take part in参加 be excellent at 在..很杰出be related to与… 相关 be different from 与…不同 pay for付钱 be famous for 以…而闻名 Unit 17 Live and Let Live 和谐共处 add to its character and prosperity增加它的特点和促进它的繁荣 be skilled at 擅长于 deal with处理... get around the question回避/不愿谈这个问题 carry on doing sth继续做… 6 7