高等数学微积分]
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,,,1,c,0 ?xx,, ??,,
有关高等数学计算过程中所涉及到
,sincosxx, ,,
的数学公式(集锦) 2,,cossinxx,,tansecxx,? ? ?,,,,a,0nm,,2b,0cotcscxx,,nn, 1,,,axaxa,,,,n01一、 lim0,,nm,mm,1x,,bxbxb,,,m01,,secsectanxxx,,,,nm? ?,,,
,,,csccsccotxxx,,, ,,(系数不为0的情况)
sinx,,xxxxlim1,二、重要公式(1) (2)? ? ?ee,aaa,ln,,,,x,0x
11,nxlnx, ,, (3)lim()1aao,, lim1,,xe,,,,,xn0x
,n11limarctanx,(4)lim1n, (5) ,x,log,? ? arcsinx,x,,,,n,,,,2a2xaln1,x,limtanarcx,,(6) x,,,21,? arccosx,,,,2(7) (8) limarccot0x,limarccotx,,1,xx,,x,,,
11x,,(9)lim0e, arctanx,arccotx,,? ??,,,,22,,,x1,x1,x
xx(10)lime,, (11)lim1x, 1,,,,,,x,0xx,1x,? ,,,,
2x
三、下列常用等价无穷小关系() x,0六、高阶导数的运算法则 sinxxarcsinxxntanxx ,,nn,,,,uxvxuxvx,,,,,(1) (2),,,,,,,,,,121cos,xxarctanxx n,,2n,,cuxcux,,, ,,,,,,
n,,xxn,,n ex,1axa,1lnln1,xxuaxbauaxb,,,,,,,(3) (4),,,,,,
,nn,,11,,,xx ,nk,,,,kk()uxvxcuxvx,,,, ,,,,,,,,,n,,k,0
四、导数的四则运算法则 七、基本初等
的n阶导数公式
nn,,,,n,,axbnaxb,,xn,!eae,,,,,,(1) (2) uvuv,,,uvuvuv,, ,,,,,,,,
n,,xxn,aaa,ln(3) ,,,,uuvuv,,,, ,,2vv,,n,,,,,nsinsinaxbaaxbn,,,,,,,(4) ,, ,,,,2,,五、基本导数公式
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n,,,uvduudv,,,,,ncoscosaxbaaxbn(5) d,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2,,vv2,,,,
n十、基本积分公式 ,,n1!an,n,,(6),,1 (7) ,,,,,,1,1nxaxb,,,axb,,,,xdxc,,? ? kdxkxc,,,,,1,nan,,1!n,,,,,1n ln1axb,,,,,,,,,dxn,,,,lnxc ?axb,,,,x
xaxxx八、微分公式与微分运算法则 ? ? ?edxec,,adxc,,,,lna,,,1? ?dxxdx,, dc,0,,,,
cossinxdxxc,, ,? dxxdxsincos,,,
? ?sincosxdxxc,,,,2? ? dxxdxcossin,,dxxdxtansec,,,,,12dxxdxxc,,,sectan 2,,cosx2? dxxdxcotcsc,,,,12,,,,csccotxdxxc? ?2,,sinx? ?dxxxdxsecsectan,,,,1dxxc,,arctan 2,1,x dxxxdxcsccsccot,,,,,
1? dxxc,,arcsinxxxx,2deedx,daaadx,ln? ? ,,,,1,x
1 dxdxln,? ,,十一、下列常用凑微分公式 x
1积分型 换xddx,log? ?,,a元公式 xaln
1uaxb,,1faxbdxfaxbdaxb,,,,,,,,,,,, ?dxdxarcsin,,, a21,x
11,,,,,1, dxdxarccos,,,,,fxxdxfxdx ,,,,,, ux,2,,,1,x
11dxdxarctan,? ?,,fxdxfxdxlnlnln,, ux,ln ,,,,,,2,,1,xx
1xxxxxdxdxarccot,, ,,feedxfede,, ,,,,,,2 ue,,,1,x
1xxxxxfaadxfada,, ,,,,,, ua,,,九、微分运算法则 aln? ?duvdudv,,,,,fxxdxfxdxsincossinsin,,,,,,,,,,ux,sin
dcucdu,,,
ux,cosfxxdxfxdxcossincoscos,,,,,,,,,,, ? ?duvvduudv,,,,
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ux,tanaxax2,令?形如exdxsinexdxcosfxxdxfxdxtansectantan,,,,,,,,,,,,
axuexx,,sin,cos均可。 ux,cot2fxxdxfxdxcotcsccotcot,,,,,,,,,,
十四、第二换元积分法中的三角换元公式
1 2222fxdxftaxdtaxarctanarcnarcn,,,,,,,,xat,sin(1) (2) ax,ax,2,,ux,arctan1,x
22xat,tan (3) xat,secxa,
1ux,arcsin【特殊角的三角函数值】 fxdxfxdxarcsinarcsinarcsin,,,,,,,,,,2 1,x
,1,3 ,sin00,sin(1) (2) (3) ,sin 6232
,十二、补充下面几个积分公式 sin1,sin0,,(4)) (5) 2tanlncosxdxxc,,, ,
,3cos01,(1) (2), (3)coscotlnsinxdxxc,, 62,
,1,,cos0,coscos1,,, (4)) (5) seclnsectanxdxxxc,,, ,322
,3csclncsccotxdxxxc,,, ,tan00,,(1) (2)tan (3)6311xdxc,,arctan 22,,,axaa,tan3,tantan0,, (4)不存在 (5) 3211xa,,dxc,,ln 22,cot3,cot0(1)不存在 (2) (3)xaaxa,,261x,,3 dxc,,arcsincot0,,cot,cot(4)(5)不存在 ,22a233ax,
122十五、三角函数公式 dxxxac,,,,ln,22xa,
1.两角和公式
十三、分部积分法公式 sin()sincoscossinABABAB,,,naxnaxxedx?形如,令, ux,dvedx,, sin()sincoscossinABABAB,,,nndvxdx,sinxxdxsin形如令, ux,, cos()coscossinsinABABAB,,,nndvxdx,cosxxdxcos形如令, ux,, cos()coscossinsinABABAB,,,nnxxdxarctanux,arctan?形如,令, dvxdx,,tantanAB,tan()AB,, 1tantan,ABnnux,lnxxdxln形如,令, dvxdx,,tantanAB,tan()AB,, 1tantan,AB
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cotcot1AB,,1cot()AB,,cossinsinsinababab,,,,,, ,,,,,,cotcotBA,2
cotcot1AB,, cot()AB,, cotcotBA,
6.万能公式
2.二倍角公式 aa22tan1tan,sin22sincosAAA, 22 sina,cosa,aa2222221tan, 1tan,cos2cossin12sin2cos1AAAAA,,,,,,22
2tanAatan2A, 2tan21tan,A2 tana,a 21tan,3.半角公式 2
AA1cos,7.平方关系 sin, 222222 sincos1xx,,secn1xtax,,
AA1cos,cos, 22 csccot1xx,,22
AAA1cossin,8.倒数关系 tan,, 21cos1cos,,AAtancot1xx,,seccos1xx,,
csxxcsin1,, AAA1cossin,9.商数关系 cot,, 21cos1cos,,AAsinxcosxtanx,cotx, cosxsinx
4.和差化积公式
abab,,十六、几种常见的微分方程 sinsin2sincosab,,, dy22,fxgy1.可分离变量的微分方程: , ,,,,abab,,dxsinsin2cossinab,,, 22 fxgydxfxgydy,,0,,,,,,,,1122abab,,coscos2coscosab,,, 22dyy,,,f2.齐次微分方程: abab,,,,coscos2sinsinab,,,, dxx,,22
sinab,,,dy tantanab,,,,pxyQx3.一阶线性非齐次微分方程: ,,,,coscosab,dx
解为:
5.积化和差公式
1sinsincoscosababab,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,pxdxpxdx,,,,,,2,,yeQxedxc,,,,1,,,coscoscoscosababab,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,2
1 sincossinsinababab,,,,,, ,,,,,,2