38.3标准

UNITED　NATIONS　 ST　 　 Distr.　 Secretariat GENERAL　ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2　18　January　2001　 ENGLISH　Original　:　ENGLISH　AND　FRENCH　 COMMITTEE　OF　EXPERTS　ON　THE　TRANSPORT　OF　DANGEROUS　GOODS　 REPORT　OF　THE　COMMITTEE　OF　EXPERTS　ON　ITS　TWENTY　FIRST　SESSION　 (Geneva,　4-13　December　2000)　 Addendum　2　 Annex　4　 Amendments　to　the　third　revised　edition　of　the　Recommendations　on　the　Transport　of　Dangerous　Goods,　Manual　of　Test　and　Criteria　 This　annex　contains　amendments　to　the　third　revised　edition　of　the　Recommendations　on　the　Transport　of　Dangerous　Goods,　Manual　of　Tests　and　Criteria　(ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.3),　adopted　by　the　Committee　at　its　twenty-first　session.　 GE.00- ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2　page　2 　AMENDMENTS　TO　THE　THIRD　REVISED　EDITION　OF　THE　RECOMMENDATIONS　ON　THE　TRANSPORT　OF　DANGEROUS　GOODS,　MANUAL　OF　TESTS　AND　CRITERIA　(Refer　to　ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.3)　 Replace　section　38.3　of　the　Manual　of　Test　and　Criteria　by　the　following:　 "38.3　Lithium　batteries　 38.3.1　Purpose　 This　section　presents　the　procedures　to　be　followed　for　the　classification　of　lithium　cells　and　batteries　(see　UN　Nos.　3090　and　3091,　and　the　applicable　special　provisions　of　Chapter　3.3　of　the　Model　Regulations).　　 38.3.2　Scope　 38.3.2.1Lithium　cells　and　batteries　shall　be　subjected　to　the　tests,　as　required　by　special　provisions　188　and　230　of　Chapter　3.3　of　the　Model　Regulations　prior　to　the　transport　of　a　particular　cell　or　battery　type.　Lithium　cells　or　batteries　which　differ　from　a　tested　type　by:　 (a)　 A　change　of　more　than　0.1　g　or　20%　by　mass,　whichever　is　greater,　to　the　cathode,　to　the　anode,　or　to　the　electrolyte;　or　 (b)　A　change　that　would　materially　affect　the　test　results,　shall　be　considered　a　new　type　and　shall　be　subjected　to　the　required　tests.　In　the　event　that　a　lithium　cell　 or　battery　type　does　not　meet　one　or　more　of　the　test　requirements,　steps　shall　be　taken　to　correct　the deficiency　or　deficiencies　that　caused　the　failure　before　such　cell　or　battery　type　is　retested. 38.3.2.2For　the　purposes　of　classification,　the　following　definitions　apply: Aggregate　lithium　content　means　the　sum　of　the　grams　of　lithium　content　or　lithium　equivalent　content contained　by　the　cells　comprising　a　battery. Battery　means　one　or　more　cells　which　are　electrically　connected　together　by　permanent　means,　including case,　terminals,　and　markings. NOTE:　Units　that　are　commonly　referred　to　as　"battery　packs"　having　the　primary　function　of　providing　a source　of　power　to　another　piece　of　equipment　are　for　purposes　of　these　Regulations　treated　as　batteries. Button　cell　or　battery　means　a　round　small　cell　or　battery　when　the　overall　height　is　less　than　the　diameter. Cell　means　a　single　encased　electrochemical　unit　(one　positive　and　one　negative　electrode)　which　exhibits a　voltage　differential　across　its　two　terminals.　Under　these　Regulations,　to　the　extent　the　encased　electrochemical　unit　meets　the　definition　of　"cell"　herein,　it　is　a　"cell",　not　a　"battery",　regardless　of　whether　the　unit　is　termed　a　"battery"　or　a　"single　cell　battery"　outside　of　these　Regulations.　 Component　cell　means　a　cell　contained　in　a　battery.　Cycle　means　one　sequence　of　fully　charging　and　fully　discharging　a　rechargeable　cell　or　battery.　 ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2　page　3　 Disassembly　means　a　vent　or　rupture　where　solid　matter　from　any　part　of　a　cell　or　battery　penetrates　a　wire　mesh　screen　(annealed　aluminium　wire　with　a　diameter　of　0.25　mm　and　grid　density　of　6　to　7　wires　per　cm)　placed　25　cm　away　from　the　cell　or　battery.　 Effluent　means　a　liquid　or　gas　released　when　a　cell　or　battery　vents　or　leaks.　 Equivalent　lithium　content　is　defined　in　the　definition　of　lithium　content.　 First　cycle　means　the　initial　cycle　following　completion　of　all　manufacturing　processes.　 Fully　charged　means　a　rechargeable　cell　or　battery　which　has　been　electrically　charged　to　its　design　rated　capacity.　 Fully　discharged　means　either:　 a　primary　cell　or　battery　which　has　been　electrically　discharged　to　remove　100%　of　its　rated　capacity;　or　 a　rechargeable　cell　or　battery　which　has　been　electrically　discharged　to　its　endpoint　voltage　as　specified　by　the　manufacturer.　 Large　battery　means　a　battery　in　which　the　aggregate　lithium　content　of　all　anodes,　when　fully　charged,　is　more　than　500　g.　 Large　cell　means　a　cell　in　which　the　lithium　content　or　lithium　equivalent　content　of　the　anode,　when　fully　charged,　is　more　than　12　g.　 Leakage　means　the　escape　of　material　from　a　cell　or　battery.　 Lithium　content　is　applied　to　lithium　metal　and　lithium　alloy　cells　and　batteries,　and　for　a　cell　means　the　mass　of　lithium　in　the　anode　of　a　lithium　metal　or　lithium　alloy　cell,　which　for　a　primary　cell　is　measured　when　the　cell　is　in　an　undischarged　state　and　for　a　rechargeable　cell　is　measured　when　the　cell　is　fully　charged.　The　lithium　content　of　a　battery　equals　the　sum　of　the　grams　of　lithium　content　contained　in　the　component　cells　of　the　battery.　 Lithium-equivalent　content　is　applied　to　lithium-ion　cells　and　batteries,　and　for　a　cell　is　measured　as　0.3　times　the　rated　capacity　of　the　cell　in　ampere-hours,　with　the　result　expressed　in　grams.　The　lithium-　equivalent　content　of　a　battery　equals　the　sum　of　the　grams　of　lithium-equivalent　content　contained　in　the　component　cells　of　the　battery.　 Lithium-ion　cell　or　battery　means　a　rechargeable　electrochemical　cell　or　battery　in　which　the　positive　and　negative　electrodes　are　both　intercalation　compounds　(intercalated　lithium　exists　in　an　ionic　or　quasi-atomic　form　with　the　lattice　of　the　electrode　material)　constructed　with　no　metallic　lithium　in　either　electrode.　A　lithium　polymer　cell　or　battery　that　uses　lithium-ion　chemistries,　as　described　herein,　is　regulated　as　a　lithium-ion　cell　or　battery.　 Mass　loss　means　a　loss　of　mass　that　exceeds　the　values　in　table　1　below.　In　order　to　quantify　the　mass　loss,　the　following　procedure　is　provided.　 ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2　page　4　 (M1　-　M　)　 2　 Mass　loss　(%)　=　·　100　M1　 where　M1　is　the　mass　before　the　test　and　M2　is　the　mass　after　the　test.　When　mass　loss　does　not　exceed　the　values　in　table　1,　it　shall　be　considered　as　"no　mass　loss".　 Table　1:　Mass　loss　limit　 Mass　M　of　cell　or　battery　 Mass　loss　limit　 M　<　1　g　 0.5　%　 1　g<　M　<　5g　 0.2　%　 M　‡　5　g　 0.1　%　 Primary　means　a　cell　or　battery　which　is　not　designed　to　be　electrically　charged　or　recharged. Prismatic　cell　or　battery　means　a　cell　or　battery　whose　ends　are　similar,　equal　and　parallel　rectilinear figures,　and　whose　sides　are　parallelograms. Protective　devices　means　devices　such　as　fuses,　diodes　and　current　limiters　which　interrupt　the　current flow,　block　the　current　flow　in　one　direction　or　limit　the　current　flow　in　an　electrical　circuit. Rated　capacity　means　the　capacity,　in　ampere-hours,　of　a　cell　or　battery　as　measured　by　subjecting　it　to　a load,　temperature　and　voltage　cut-off　point　specified　by　the　manufacturer. Rechargeable　means　a　cell　or　battery　which　is　designed　to　be　electrically　recharged. Rupture　means　the　mechanical　failure　of　a　cell　container　or　battery　case　induced　by　an　internal　or　external cause,　resulting　in　exposure　or　spillage　but　not　ejection　of　solid　materials. Short　circuit　means　a　direct　connection　between　positive　and　negative　terminals　of　a　cell　or　battery　that provides　a　virtual　zero　resistance　path　for　current　flow. Small　battery　means　a　battery　composed　of　small　cells,　and　in　which　the　aggregate　lithium　content　of　all cell　anodes,　when　fully　charged,　is　not　more　than　500　g.　Small　cell　means　a　cell　in　which　the　lithium　content　of　the　anode,　when　fully　charged,　is　not　more　than　12　 g. Type　means　a　particular　electrochemical　system　and　physical　design　of　cells　or　batteries. Undischarged　means　a　primary　cell　or　battery　that　has　not　been　wholly　or　partly　discharged. Venting　means　the　release　of　excessive　internal　pressure　from　a　cell　or　battery　in　a　manner　intended　by design　to　preclude　rupture　or　disassembly. 38.3.3　When　a　cell　or　battery　type　is　to　be　tested　under　this　sub-section,　the　number　and　condition　of　cells　and　batteries　of　each　type　to　be　tested　are　as　follows:　 (a) When　testing　primary　cells　and　batteries　under　tests　1　to　5,　the　following　shall　be　tested:　 ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2　page　5　 (i) ten　cells　in　undischarged　states,　 (ii)　 ten　cells　in　fully　discharged　states,　 (iii)　 four　batteries　in　undischarged　states,　and　 (iv)　 four　batteries　in　fully　discharged　states.　 (b) When　testing　rechargeable　cells　and　batteries　under　tests　1　to　5　the　following　shall　be　tested:　 (i)　 ten　cells,　at　first　cycle,　in　fully　charged　states,　 (ii)　 ten　cells,　at　first　cycle,　in　fully　discharged　states,　 (iii) four　batteries,　at　first　cycle,　in　fully　charged　states,　 (iv) four　batteries,　at　first　cycle,　in　fully　discharged　states,　 (v) four　batteries　after　fifty　cycles　ending　in　fully　charged　states,　and　 (vi) four　batteries　after　fifty　cycles　ending　in　fully　discharged　states.　 (c)　 When　testing　primary　and　rechargeable　cells　under　test　6,　the　following　shall　be　tested:　 (i)　 for　primary　cells,　five　cells　in　undischarged　states　and　five　cells　in　fully　discharged　states,　 (ii)　 for　component　cells　of　primary　batteries,　five　cells　in　undischarged　states　and　five　cells　in　fully　discharged　states,　 (iii)　 for　rechargeable　cells,　five　cells　at　first　cycle　at　50%　of　the　design　rated　capacity　and　five　cells　after　50　cycles　ending　in　fully　discharged　states,　and　 (iv)　 for　component　cells　of　rechargeable　batteries,　five　cells　at　first　cycle　at　50%　of　the　design　rated　capacity　and　five　cells　after　50　cycles　ending　in　fully　discharged　states.　 电池认证检测专家 2006-7-5 10:33:48   For　prismatic　cells,　ten　test　cells　are　required　for　each　of　the　states　of　charge　being　tested,　instead　of　the　five　described　above,　so　that　the　procedure　can　be　carried　out　on　five　cells　along　the　longitudinal　axes　and,　separately,　five　cells　along　the　other　axes.　In　every　case,　the　test　cell　is　only　subjected　to　one　crush.　 (d) When　testing　rechargeable　batteries　under　test　7,　the　following　shall　be　tested:　 (i) four　rechargeable　batteries,　at　first　cycle,　in　fully　charged　states,　and　 (ii)　 four　rechargeable　batteries　after　fifty　cycles　ending　in　fully　charged　states.　 (e) When　testing　primary　and　rechargeable　cells　under　test　8,　the　following　shall　be　tested:　 (i)　 ten　primary　cells　in　fully　discharged　states,　 (ii)　 ten　rechargeable　cells,　at　first　cycle　in　fully　discharged　states,　and　 (iii)　ten　rechargeable　cells　after　fifty　cycles　ending　in　fully　discharged　states.　When　batteries　that　have　passed　all　applicable　tests　are　electrically　connected　to　form　a　battery　assembly　in　which　the　aggregate　lithium　content　of　all　anodes,　when　fully　charged,　is　more　than　500　g,　that　battery　assembly　does　not　need　to　be　tested　if　it　is　equipped　with　a　system　capable　of　monitoring　the　battery　assembly　and　preventing　short　circuits,　or　over　discharge　between　the　batteries　in　the　assembly　and　any　overheat　or　overcharge　of　the　battery　assembly.　 ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2　page　6　 38.3.4　Procedure　 Each　cell　and　battery　type　must　be　subjected　to　tests　1　to　8.　Tests　1　to　5　must　be　conducted　in　sequence　on　the　same　cell　or　battery.　Tests　6　and　8　should　be　conducted　using　not　otherwise　tested　cells　or　batteries.　Test　7　may　be　conducted　using　undamaged　batteries　previously　used　in　Tests　1　to　5　for　purposes　of　testing　on　cycled　batteries.　 38.3.4.1　Test　1:　Altitude　simulation　 1. 38.3.4.1.1　Purpose　This　test　simulates　air　transport　under　low-pressure　conditions.　 2. 38.3.4.1.2　Test　procedure　 Test　cells　and　batteries　shall　be　stored　at　a　pressure　of　11.6　kPa　or　less　for　at　least　six　hours　at　ambient　temperature　(20　–　5　°C).　 38.3.4.1.3　Requirement　 Cells　and　batteries　meet　this　requirement　if　there　is　no　mass　loss,　no　leakage,　no　venting,　no　disassembly,　no　rupture　and　no　fire　and　if　the　open　circuit　voltage　of　each　test　cell　or　battery　after　testing　is　not　less　than　90%　of　its　voltage　immediately　prior　to　this　procedure.　The　requirement　relating　to　voltage　is　not　applicable　to　test　cells　and　batteries　at　fully　discharged　states.　 38.3.4.2　Test　2:　Thermal　test　 38.3.4.2.1　Purpose　 This　test　assesses　cell　and　battery　seal　integrity　and　internal　electrical　connections.　The　test　is　conducted　using　rapid　and　extreme　temperature　changes.　 38.3.4.2.2　Test　procedure　 Test　cells　and　batteries　are　to　be　stored　for　at　least　six　hours　at　a　test　temperature　equal　to　75　±　2　°C,　followed　by　storage　for　at　least　six　hours　at　a　test　temperature　equal　to　-　40　±　2　°C.　The　maximum　time　interval　between　test　temperature　extremes　is　30　minutes.　This　procedure　is　to　be　repeated　10　times,　after　which　all　test　cells　and　batteries　are　to　be　stored　for　24　hours　at　ambient　temperature　(20　±　5　°C.).　For　large　cells　and　batteries　the　duration　of　exposure　to　the　test　temperature　extremes　should　be　at　least　12　hours.　 38.3.4.2.3　Requirement　 Cells　and　batteries　meet　this　requirement　if　there　is　no　mass　loss,　no　leakage,　no　venting,　no　disassembly,　no　rupture　and　no　fire　and　if　the　open　circuit　voltage　of　each　test　cell　or　battery　after　testing　is　not　less　than　90%　of　its　voltage　immediately　prior　to　this　procedure.　The　requirement　relating　to　voltage　is　not　applicable　to　test　cells　and　batteries　at　fully　discharged　states.　 38.3.4.3　Test　3:　Vibration　 38.3.4.3.1　Purpose　ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2　page　7　 This　test　simulates　vibration　during　transport.　 38.3.4.3.2　Test　procedure　 Cells　and　batteries　are　firmly　secured　to　the　platform　of　the　vibration　machine　without　distorting　the　cells　in　such　a　manner　as　to　faithfully　transmit　the　vibration.　The　vibration　shall　be　a　sinusoidal　waveform　with　a　logarithmic　sweep　between　7　Hz　and　200　Hz　and　back　to　7　Hz　traversed　in　15　minutes.　This　cycle　shall　be　repeated　12　times　for　a　total　of　3　hours　for　each　of　three　mutually　perpendicular　mounting　positions　of　the　cell.　One　of　the　directions　of　vibration　must　be　perpendicular　to　the　terminal　face.　 The　logarithmic　frequency　sweep　is　as　follows:　from　7　Hz　a　peak　acceleration　of　1　gn　is　maintained　until　18　Hz　is　reached.　The　amplitude　is　then　maintained　at　0.8　mm　(1.6　mm　total　excursion)　and　the　frequency　increased　until　a　peak　acceleration　of　8　gn　occurs　(approximately　50　Hz).　A　peak　acceleration　of　8　gn　is　then　maintained　until　the　frequency　is　increased　to　200　Hz.　 38.3.4.3.3　Requirement　 Cells　and　batteries　meet　this　requirement　if　there　is　no　mass　loss,　no　leakage,　no　venting,　no　disassembly,　no　rupture　and　no　fire　and　if　the　open　circuit　voltage　of　each　test　cell　or　battery　after　testing　is　not　less　than　90%　of　its　voltage　immediately　prior　to　this　procedure.　The　requirement　relating　to　voltage　is　not　applicable　to　test　cells　and　batteries　at　fully　discharged　states.　 38.3.4.4　Test　4:　Shock　 38.3.4.4.1　Purpose　 This　test　simulates　possible　impacts　during　transport.　 38.3.4.4.2　Test　procedure　 Test　cells　and　batteries　shall　be　secured　to　the　testing　machine　by　means　of　a　rigid　mount　which　will　support　all　mounting　surfaces　of　each　test　battery.　Each　cell　or　battery　shall　be　subjected　to　a　half-sine　shock　of　peak　acceleration　of　150　gn　and　pulse　duration　of　6　milliseconds.　Each　cell　or　battery　shall　be　subjected　to　three　shocks　in　the　positive　direction　followed　by　three　shocks　in　the　negative　direction　of　three　mutually　perpendicular　mounting　positions　of　the　cell　or　battery　for　a　total　of　18　shocks.　 However,　large　cells　and　large　batteries　shall　be　subjected　to　a　half-sine　shock　of　peak　acceleration　of　50　gn　and　pulse　duration　of　11　milliseconds.　Each　cell　or　battery　is　subjected　to　three　shocks　in　the　positive　direction　followed　by　three　shocks　in　the　negative　direction　of　each　of　three　mutually　perpendicular　mounting　positions　of　the　cell　for　a　total　of　18　shocks.　 38.3.4.4.3　Requirement　 Cells　and　batteries　meet　this　requirement　if　there　is　no　mass　loss,　no　leakage,　no　venting,　no　disassembly,　no　rupture　and　no　fire　and　if　the　open　circuit　voltage　of　each　test　cell　or　battery　after　testing　is　not　less　than　90%　of　its　voltage　immediately　prior　to　this　procedure.　The　requirement　relating　to　voltage　is　not　applicable　to　test　cells　and　batteries　at　fully　discharged　states.　 38.3.4.5　Test　5:　External　short　circuit　 38.3.4.5.1　Purpose　 ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2　page　8　 This　test　simulates　an　external　short　circuit.　 38.3.4.5.2　Test　procedure　 The　cell　or　battery　to　be　tested　shall　be　temperature　stabilized　so　that　its　external　case　temperature　reaches　55　±　2　°C　and　then　the　cell　or　battery　shall　be　subjected　to　a　short　circuit　condition　with　a　total　external　resistance　of　less　than　0.1　ohm　at　55　±　2　°C.　This　short　circuit　condition　is　continued　for　at　least　one　hour　after　the　cell　or　battery　external　case　temperature　has　returned　to　55　±　2　°C.　The　cell　or　battery　must　be　observed　for　a　further　six　hours　for　the　test　to　be　concluded.　 38.3.4.5.3　Requirement　 Cells　and　batteries　meet　this　requirement　if　their　external　temperature　does　not　exceed　170　°C　and　there　is　no　disassembly,　no　rupture　and　no　fire　within　six　hours　of　this　test.　   38.3.4.6　Test　6:　Impact　 1. 38.3.4.6.1　Purpose　This　test　simulates　an　impact.　 2. 38.3.4.6.2　Test　procedure　 The　test　sample　cell　or　component　cell　is　to　be　placed　on　a　flat　surface.　A　15.8　mm　diameter　bar　is　to　be　placed　across　the　centre　of　the　sample.　A　9.1　kg　mass　is　to　be　dropped　from　a　height　of　61　–　2.5　cm　onto　the　sample.　 A　cylindrical　or　prismatic　cell　is　to　be　impacted　with　its　longitudinal　axis　parallel　to　the　flat　surface　and　perpendicular　to　the　longitudinal　axis　of　the　15.8　mm　diameter　curved　surface　lying　across　the　centre　of　the　test　sample.　A　prismatic　cell　is　also　to　be　rotated　90　degrees　around　its　longitudinal　axis　so　that　both　the　wide　and　narrow　sides　will　be　subjected　to　the　impact.　Each　sample　is　to　be　subjected　to　only　a　single　impact.　Separate　samples　are　to　be　used　for　each　impact.　 A　coin　or　button　cell　is　to　be　impacted　with　the　flat　surface　of　the　sample　parallel　to　the　flat　surface　and　the　15.8　mm　diameter　curved　surface　lying　across　its　centre.　 38.3.4　6.3　Requirement　 Cells　and　component　cells　meet　this　requirement　if　their　external　temperature　does　not　exceed　170　°C　and　there　is　no　disassembly　and　no　fire　within　six　hours　of　this　test.　 38.3.4.7　Test　7:　Overcharge　 38.3.4.7.1　Purpose　This　test　evaluates　the　ability　of　a　rechargeable　battery　to　withstand　an　overcharge　condition.　 ST/SG/AC.10/27/Add.2　page　9　 38.3.4.7.2　Test　procedure　 The　charge　current　shall　be　twice　the　manufacturer＇s　recommended　maximum　continuous　charge　current.　The　minimum　voltage　of　the　test　shall　be　as　follows:　 (a)　 when　the　manufacturer＇s　recommended　charge　voltage　is　not　more　than　18V,　the　 minimum　voltage　of　the　test　shall　be　the　lesser　of　two　times　the　maximum　charge　 voltage　of　the　battery　or　22V.　 (b)　 when　the　manufacturer＇s　recommended　charge　voltage　is　more　than　18V,　the　 minimum　voltage　of　the　test　shall　be　1.2　times　the　maximum　charge　voltage.　 Tests　are　to　be　conducted　at　ambient　temperature.　The　duration　of　the　test　shall　be　24　hours.　 38.3.4.7.3　Requirement　 Rechargeable　batteries　meet　this　requirement　if　there　is　no　disassembly　and　no　fire　within　seven　days　of　the　test.　 38.3.4.8　Test　8:　Forced　discharge　 1. 38.3.4.8.1　Purpose　This　test　evaluates　the　ability　of　a　primary　or　a　rechargeable　cell　to　withstand　a　forced　discharge　condition.　 2. 38.3.4.8.2　Test　procedure　 Each　cell　shall　be　forced　discharged　at　ambient　temperature　by　connecting　it　in　series　with　a　12　V　D.C.　power　supply　at　an　initial　current　equal　to　the　maximum　discharge　current　specified　by　the　manufacturer.　 The　specified　discharge　current　is　to　be　obtained　by　connecting　a　resistive　load　of　the　appropriate　size　and　rating　in　series　with　the　test　cell.　Each　cell　shall　be　forced　discharged　for　a　time　interval　(in　hours)　equal　to　its　rated　capacity　divided　by　the　initial　test　current　(in　Ampere).　 38.3.4.8.3　Requirement　 Primary　or　rechargeable　cells　meet　this　requirement　if　there　is　no　disassembly　and　no　fire　within　seven　days　of　the　test.".