自考英语（2）

英语（二）历年考点 Unit One 1. Almost everything a manager does --------------(involve) decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making . (99.4)。 答案是involves . 考点: involve 为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。 2.If there is no choice, there is no decision _______(make). (99.4) 答案是to be made 。考点：to be made 是动词不定式作定语修饰decision. 3. If you are now_____your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. (99.4) A. in 　　B. at　　 C. between 　　D. among 答案是　A. 4. Almost everything a manager does_____decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. (00.4) A. imposes　　 B. improvise 　　C. involves 　　D. indicates 答案为C . 5. When______(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. 答案为presented . 考点： present 是过去分词作状语。 6. An organization is a group of people, and a decision_____(make) today may have consequences far into the future. 答案是made . 考点：make 是过去分词作定语， 修饰decision . 7. 汉译英：通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测。    答案：Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be. 1. 决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标。 答：The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals. 2. 决策过程对经营管理至关重要。 答： The decision-making process is fundamental to business management. 3. 经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关。 答：Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making. 4. 虽然我们不能预见未来，但应当尽量减少偶然性发生。 答： Although we cannot predict the future, we must try t leave as little as possible to chance. 5. 不同的管理者对同一问的解释不同。 答： Different manager define the same problem in different terms. Unit Two Black Holes 1. 星体的密度增大到一定程度时就会发生爆炸。    答： The star will explode when its density increases to some extent. 2. 你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗？    答： Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is ? 3. 假如有人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心。    答：If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 4. 早在17世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道。    答： Supernovae were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century. 5. 他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。    答： He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal. Unit Three 1) Affected with a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2) Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3) The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4) What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. Unit Four 1. When they get out of prison, they ____(increase) the level of their criminal behavior. 答案：will increase . 考点：时间状语从句中主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。从句谓语动词是get 一般现在时，所以从句用will increase 。 2.At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measure to help____domestic workers from abuse by their employers. A. protect 　　B. suspect 　　C. expect 　　D. inspect 答案是：A . 考点是：protect … from 保护… 免受 …    3. ________their differences, they fell passionately in love with each other. A. As for　　 B. Owing to　　 C. Despite 　　D. Through 答案：C . 考点：despite 表示让步的关系。本句的意思是：尽管他们之间有分歧，但他们彼此深爱对方。 Translation 1. 许多家庭佣人受到雇主的剥削和虐待。    答：Many domestic servants are exploited and abused by their employers. 2. 自去年以来，女佣们的悲惨境况已受到媒体密切关注。    答：The bad condition of the woman servants has received much media attention since last year. 3. 他经常威胁我，说要将我遣送回国。    答： He always threatened that he would send me back to my country. 4. 她曾在一家茶叶厂工作，工资很低。 答： She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory. 5. 据估计有两万多名外国家佣在英国工作。    答： It is estimated that there are more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 答： They freely took over elements form diverse music sources. 5. 新音乐采取多种形式，几乎具有无限的表现力。    答：The new music may take on various forms and be capable of expressing an almost limitless range. Unit Five 1. In the process of composition , it isn’t easy to be inspired in a spontaneous way for long periods______a stretch.. A. at 　　B. for 　　　C. over 　　　D. in 答案是a 。 考点：词组at a stretch 一口气，连续不断的    2.汉译英　新音乐是由业已存在的材料构建出来的。    答案：The new music was built out of material already in existence. 3. 汉译英：那时在大学生中流行的正是民间音乐。 答案：It was folk music that was popular among college students at that time. 4. 汉译英：不用说我们现在已不是生活在传统社会。 答案： It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society. 1. 新音乐起源于布鲁斯、摇滚乐和民间音乐。    答： The new music originated from blues, rock and roll and folk music. 2. 民间音乐表现和平、友谊和希望。    答： Folk music expresses peace, friendship and hope. 3. 他们已不再是被动的听众而是积极的参与者。    答： Instead of passive audience, they have become active participants. 4. 他们自由地从不同的音乐来源中吸取元素。 答： They freely took over elements form diverse music sources. 5. 新音乐采取多种形式，几乎具有无限的表现力。    答：The new music may take on various forms and be capable of expressing an almost limitless range. Unit Six 1. Most today’s robots are employed in the automotive industry, _____they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting . (99.4) A. as 　　B. which 　　C. when 　　D. where 答案：D. 考点：where 引导的非限定定语从句，修饰automotive industry。 2. Robots differ from automatic machines in_____after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed to be another one. (00.4) A. which 　　B. that 　　C. how　　 D. whether 答案：B. 考点：in that 复合连词引导原因状语从句，表示“在于”。 3. Robots , already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning_____(see) in other industries as well. (00.4) (01.10) 答案：to be seen 考点：begin to do sth. 所以用动词不定式，而且用被动式。 4. Anyone______(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. (00.10)（01.4）    答案： wanting 考点：动词现在分词作定语修饰anyone。 5.The nations that____actively______(involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan, China, Russia, and the United States. 答案：are involved 考点： 词组：be involved in sth.    6. 汉译英：机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？（00.10） 答案： In what field will robots take over human tasks? 7. It is not yet known_____computers will one day have vision as good as human vision . A. whether 　　B. if 　　C. that 　　D. how 答案：A . 考点： whether 引导的主语从句。 8. Robots, ______(become) increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world, are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention. 答案：becoming 考点：现在分词作状语。 9 . Robots , becoming_____(increase) prevalent in factories , are programmed and engineered 答案： increasingly    10. 汉译英：今年来，计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛。 答案：In recent years, the computer is finding wider and wider application in all fields. Unit Seven 1. A good schedule must have a little give so that special projects can_____(take) care of properly. (99.4) 答案：be taken 。 考点： 情态动词的被动语态。 2. Since leisure is basically self-determined, one should get involved_____an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction . (99.4) A. in 　　　B. of　　　 C. towards 　　　D. with 答案： A . 考点：词组 get /be involved in 参与… ；卷入…    3. The importance of these_____(vary ) according to the nature of one’s job and one’s lifestyle. (99.10) 答案：varies 考点：一般现在时单数第三人称形式。 4. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also _____(keep ) you up to date on your class assignments and projects.  答案 答案：keep 。 考点：not only 与but also 后的词的形式应一致。 5. The specific use of leisure______from individual to individual. (00.4) A. ranges　　 B. distinguishes　　 C. varies 　　D. covers 答案 ：C。分析：此题考查不及物动词vary 的用法。搭配为：vary … from … to 各不相同。 6. The more time you waste, the____(easy) it is to continue wasting time.(00.4) 答案：easier 。 考点：the more … the more 句型，表示“越… 越…”。 7. Such attitudes amount to a belief____leisure can and should be put to good use. (01.4) A. which　　 B. if　　 C. whether　　 D. that 答案：that 。 考点：that 引导同位语从句修饰belief 。 8. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to____ on your class assignments and projects. (01.4) A. day B. date C. number D. time 答案：B。 考点： 词组 up to date 最新的，keep you up to date 表示跟得上….    9 . 汉译英：人们越来越关注休闲的机会。(99.4) 答案： People are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.    10. 汉译英：众所周知，即使同样的休闲活动，不同的人使用的方式也不同。(00.4) 答案： It is well known that even the same leisure activity may be used different by different individuals. 1. 在工业化国家人们越来越关心休闲的机会。    答：People in the industrialized countries are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure. 2. 为什么他们对带薪休假那么重视呢？    答： Why do they attach so much importance to paid holidays? 3. 对休闲的具体利用是因人而异的。    答： The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. 4. 我们所接触的人可能对我们休闲态度产生某种影响。 答： The people with whom we come into contact may exert some influence on our attitudes toward leisure. 5. 学校教育的目的之一是使学生得到均衡发展。    答： One of the educational objectives of school is to attain a balanced development of students. Unit Eight 1.In practical application, concentration is not_____the definition may imply. (99.4) A. as simple to deal successfully with as B. so simple to deal successfully with that C. simpler to deal successfully with as that D. as same simple to deal successfully with as 答案：A。 考点：本题主要考查as … as 搭配表示“和…. 一样”。而选项D 中as 的后面还有一个词same 。 因为same 表示的意思也是同样，与…同样的意思与as … as 意义重复，因此不选D。 2. Understand what Jet Lag is , and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects,____.（99.10） A. your flight will be less stressful B. and your flights will be less stressful C. or your flights will be less stressful D. in order that your flights will be less stressful 答案：B。 分析：本句是一个and 连接的并列句。因此只有B符合题意。 3. Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances____at night. (00.4) A. it 　　B. them 　　　C. the coffee　　 D. the body 答案：A。 分析：本句是个并列句，and 连接的两个句子结构应一致。因此，advances 后面的宾语应是the body，而为了避免重复，因此用代词it 代替。 4.汉译英：快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多。(00.10) 答案：The effects of rapid travel on the human body are much greater than we realize. 5. The other timing system belongs in our internal clocks, which , left___, would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm. (03.4) A. behind　　 B. alone　　 C. out 　　D. aside 答案： B . 考点： 本题主要考查词组：leave alone 不管，不理，把…放在一边。 1. 快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多。    答： The effects of rapid travel on the body are much greater than we realize 2. 他后来把自己的错误判断归咎于时差反应。    答：He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag. 3. 食物中的蛋白质使人兴奋，而碳水化合物使人易于入睡。    答： Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness while carbohydrates promote sleep. 4. 在外语学习中没有捷径可走。 答： There is no short cut in the study of a foreign language. 5. 为了克服时差反应我们能做些什么呢？    答： What can we do in order to overcome Jet Lag? Unit Nine 1. Your account of what happened yesterday approximates_____the real facts. （99.10） A. near　　　 B. of　　 　　C. to　　 D. upon 答案：C 。 考点：此题考查词组approximate to 表示“与…接近”。 2. 汉译英：正是由于出生率下降了，我们的社会才变得如此老龄。(99.10)    答案：It is because the birthrate fell that our society had grown so old. 3. Nations are_____as “aged” when they have 7 percent or more of their people aged 65 or above. (00.4) A. limited　　B. classified　　 C. originated　　 D. processed 答案：B。 本题考查词组：classify as 表示把… 列为。 4. 汉译英：一个社会的人口增长率越接近零，其人口便越老龄化。(00.10)    答案：The nearer a society approximate to zero population growth, the older its population is . 5.If you are now______, you ought to pay more attention to your health. (01.4) A. in the fifties 　　B. in your fifties C. in fifties　　　　 D. in your fift 答案：B. 本题主要考查词组in your fifties 表示“在你50岁时”。 6. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population Growth, the____(old) its population is likely to be. (01.10) 答案：older 。 本题主要考查 “ the + 形容词比较级…. ， the +形容词比较级”的用法。 7. In his composition there were no other errors_____a few misspelled words. (02.4) A. beside　　 B. except　　 C. then 　　D. than 答案：D。 本题主要考查词组“no other … than ”的用法，表示“除了…外，没有… ”。 8 . We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere____(appreciate) of your help.(02.4) 答案：appreciation 。本题中sincere 是形容词，因此后面接名词。Appreciate 是动词，其名 词形式是appreciation 。 1.一个国家65岁以上的人占7%以上时，这个国家便归类为老龄化国家。    答：A nation is classified as an aged one when it has 7 percent or more of its people aged 65 or above. 2.一个社会的人口增加率越接近零，其人口便愈老龄化。    答： The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is. 3. 那些不能挣钱生活的人不得不依赖社会的帮助。    答： Those who cannot earn a living have to depend on the society for help. 4. 你越年轻，生活的时间将越长。    答： The younger you are, the longer you will live. 5. 对这种想法尽管还有人反对，但已被普遍接受。    答： Though there is resistance to the idea, it has been generally accepted. Unit Ten 1. Victory in the eleven______(large) states alone would provide an electoral majority. （99.10） 答案：largest 。此题主要考查large 的最高级。 2. Even Democrat George McGovern,____had the lowest level of party support among recent Nominees, was backed in 1972 by nearly 60 percent of his party’s voters. (99.10) A. who 　　　B. whose 　　　C. that 　　　D. which 答案：A 。 who 引导的非限定性定语从句。 3. 汉译英：这与其说取决于候选人的个人特点不如说取决于外部因素。（00.4）    答案： This depends on external factors rather than on a candidate’s personal characteristics. 4. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approval rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling____(begin) in the 1930s. (00.10)  答案 答案：began 。 此题考查过去时，因为有一个明显的过去时的时间状语“In 1991”。 5.Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to___the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. （01.4） A. make it possible 　　　　B. make possible C. make possibly 　　　　　 D. make it possibly 答案：B 。 本题中make 的宾语太长，所以放到了宾补possible 的后面。 “ make … possible” 表示“使…成为可能”。 6. In deciding____a course of action, the candidate tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters. (02.4) A. what to pursue 　　　 B. which to pursue C. whether to pursue　 　D. if to pursue 答案：C。分析：所要填的空是deciding 的宾语。而pursue 后面的宾语是a course of action 。 选项A “what to pursue” , what 是宾语。选项B 中，which 也是 作主语或宾语。选项D. 语法结构不对，因此选C。 Translation 1. 众所周知，美国总统选举每四年一次。    答： It is well known that presidential elections occur in the United States every 4 years. 2. 克林顿那时始终把竞选的注意力集中在国家缓慢发展的经济上。    答： At that time Clinton always kept the campaign focused on the nation’s slow-developing economy. 3. 候选人都想尽力表现出一种强有力的领袖形象。    答： Candidate try to project a strong leadership image. 4. 选民们是否接受这一形象更取决于外在因素。   答案 答：Whether voters accept this image depends more on external factors. 5. 候选人特别关注如何在人口最多那些州获胜。    答： Candidates are particularly concerned with how to win the states which have the largest population . Unit 　Eleven 1. The number of animals used in laboratory tests____(decline) over the last 20 years. (99.10) 答案： has declined 。 考点：本句中 over the last 20 years 是明显的表示现在完成时的时间状语。因此本句用现在完成时。    2. To assume the care for the pets can help bring  the____humanity in our children and even in us adults. (99.10) A. about　　 B. in 　　C. out 　　D. up  答案 答案： C 。考点： 本题主要考查词组 bring out 表示“使显示，显现；生产，使产生” 3. It is touching to see how a cat or dog – especially a dog – itself to family and wants to share in all its goings and comings. (00.4) A. attributes B. applies C. assigned D. attaches 答案： D 。考点：本题主要考查词组 attach … to 表示“把 … 附加到，使 … 与 … 相关”。 4. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals____(use) in experiments many decrease. (00.10) 答案： used 。考点：本题主要考查 used 过去分词 做定语修饰 animals 。 5. Some people think that animal research is irrelevant____our health and that it can often produce misleading results. (01.4) A. with　　 B. at　　 C. on　　 D. to    答案： D 。本题主要考查词组 be irrelevant to 表示“与 … 不相关”。 6. 汉译英：他的肤色与他是否是个好教授没有关系。    答案： The color of his skin is irrelevant to whether he is a good professor or not 7. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used in experiments may decrease, but stopping_____(test) on animals altogether is a long way away. 答案： testing 。本题主要考查词组 stop doing sth. 停止做某事。 Translation 1. 有人认为用动物进行实验根本没有必要。    答： There are those who think the test on animals are simply unnecessary. 2. 人和动物对药物的反应并不相同。    答： People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs. 3. 新技术使我们容易找到代替动物实验的方法。    答： New technology makes it easy for us to find alternative methods of testing on animals. 4. 正是狗教会我们忠诚和奉献，而猫却对此一无所知。    答： It is the dog who can teach us lessons of loyalty and devotion that no cat ever knows. 5. 照料小猫们有助于培养孩子的人情味。    答： Caring for cats can help bring out the humanity in children. Unit 　Twelve 1. According to Dr. Kramer,_____people who appear in your dreams,_____you are on awakening. （ 99.10 ） A  as many … as happy 　　　　B  the more… the more happy C  the more… the happier 　　 D　the most … the happiest 答案： C 。考点：本题主要考查 the + 比较级， the + 比较级，结构是“越 … , 越 … ” 2. Hold a picture of yourself long and steadily enough____your mind's eye, and you will be drawn toward it . (99.10) A. at　　 B. in 　　C. before　　 D. in front of    答案： B 。考点：本题主要考查词组 in one's mind's eye 意思是“在脑海中”。    3. In the past two decades, research_____(expand) our knowledge about sleep and dreams. (00.4) 答案： expanded 。本题主要考查现在完成时。“ in the past two decades ”经常是表示现在完成时的时间状语。    4. It has been proved that their best ideas seem____(occur) when they were relaxing. (01.4) 答案： to have occurred 。 考点：本题主要考查 seem 后面要加动词不定式完成式作宾语。 5. 汉译英：科学家正在研究为什么白日梦会有益于人们的健康。 (01.4)    答案： Scientists are studying why daydreaming is beneficial to people's health.    6. A life____(live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed. （ 02.4 ） 答案： lived 。考点： lived 是过去分词作定语修饰 life 。 词组“ live a …life ”表示过着 … 样的生活。 词汇精讲 daydream vi./n. 白日做梦 　symptom n. 症状，征兆 Most infections are contagious before any symptoms are noticed. 大多数传染病在症状被发现之前已具有传染性。 He recognizes the symptoms, but refuses to admit that he has marital problems. 他承认这些征兆，但不愿承认自己的婚姻发生了问题。 Unit 　Thirteen 1. The important of these_____(vary) according to the nature of one's life-style. (99.10) 答案： varies 。    2. 汉译英：他被迫接受了一份他自己毫无兴趣的工作。 答案： He is compelled to take a job. 3. A man can not be really happy if what he enjoys____(do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance. （ 00.10 ） 答案： doing 。考点： enjoy 后跟名词或动名词作宾语。 Translation 1. 一个人如果被社会强迫去做他不乐意的事情，他就不可能真正快乐。    答： A man cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing. 2. 工作与劳动的区别不在于脑力劳动与体力劳动的区别。    答： The difference between work and labor does not lie in the difference between mental and manual jobs. 3. 他说老板给他的工作他毫无兴趣。    答： He says the job his boos offers him is of no interest to him. 4. 一个人是工作者还是劳动者可以从他对休闲的态度上看出来。   答案 答： Whether one is a worker or laborer can be seen form his attitude toward leisure. 5. 对他来说，休闲意味着没有强制。    答： To him , leisure means freedom from compulsion. Unit　 Fourteen 1. It was there , the police believe,____she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag. A. until 　　B. which　　 C. that 　　D. when 答案： C 。 考点：本题主要考查强调句。 2. Her body, with hands and feet____(bind) , was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. 答案： bound 。考点：本题主要考查 with + 名词 + 过去分词 为独立结构做状语。 Unit　 Fifteen 1. In education , there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute_____effective thinking and wise judgement. （ 00.10 ） A. at 　　B. in 　　C. for　　 D. to 答案： D 。 考点：本题主要考查词组 contribute to “有助于 … ” 2. All the characteristics that distinguish birds____other animals can be traced to prehistoric times. (02.4) A.. to 　　B. between　　 C. for　　 D. from 答案： D 。 本题主要考查词组 distinguish … from “从 … 区别出”。 3. It is becoming increasingly clear to policy-makers______schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community. （ 02.10 ） A. that 　　B. what 　　C. when 　　D. who  答案 答案： A 。 考点： 本句是一个主语从句，因此要填 that 。 Translation 1. 人们倾向于把智力和洞察力混为一谈。    答： There is a tendency to confuse intelligence with insight. / Men tend to confuse intelligence with insight. 2. 我们对计算机技术的最大需要是提高速度和减少体积。    答： Our biggest need in computer technology is not for increased speed and reduced size.    3. 诗人提醒人类注意自身的独特性。    答： The poet reminds men of their uniqueness. 4. 很遗憾他不能区别知识与智慧的不同。    答： It is regrettable that