走出宝宝接种疫苗三大困惑

走出宝宝接种疫苗三大困惑 近年来，儿童接种疫苗的种类越来越多，可是，不少儿童在接种疫苗后出现各类不适的症状。疫苗是不是存在不安全因素？哪些是接种疫苗的异常反应？接种疫苗有没有什么禁忌呢？     困惑1：孩子接种疫苗后发烧，是否说明疫苗存在不安全因素？接种疫苗后的正常反应是什么？     专家解答：     要明确一点，对绝大多数人而言，接种疫苗是很安全的，可以有效预防疾病。不少家长对此有误解，觉得孩子接种疫苗后出现发烧、倦怠、食欲不振是疫苗本身有问题，进而产生不信任。实际上，因为疫苗对机体而言属于“外来入侵者”，会激发免疫功能起反应，因此，在接种后24小时之内发热低于38.5度，孩子精神好，没有其他异状，一两天后就退烧，是接种疫苗的正常反应。类似的还包括出现皮疹、呕吐、四肢乏力、腹泻以及接种部位红肿、疼痛、硬结等，多在1-2天内自行恢复，通常不需要做任何处理。     不过，也有少数儿童接种疫苗后出现持续高热、惊厥、呕吐、皮疹难以消退的症状，此时应立即就诊。有时，免疫功能反应强烈可能与体质较弱相关，但不能因此排除潜在疾病存在的可能性，要尽快对症治疗。     极个别儿童可能因接种疫苗造成肢体运动障碍、呼吸肌麻痹等严重问题，应该及时到医院就诊，由医务人员确定是否由疫苗引起的不良反应并及时处理。     困惑2：哪些疫苗必须接种？哪些疫苗不一定接种？     专家解答：     疫苗分为两类。一类是内的，由政府免费提供，为强制性接种；一类是计划外的，由公民自费且自愿受种。计划内的疫苗必须接种，包括乙肝疫苗、卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗（即糖丸）、百白破疫苗、麻疹疫苗、腮腺炎疫苗、破伤风疫苗、水痘疫苗、流脑疫苗、乙脑疫苗等。     计划外的疫苗是否接种要视情况而定。如果某类疾病只是季节性的预防，如流感、肺炎等，在没有区域大规模流行之前，可以不接种。但若经济条件允许，自己有这个意愿，或者所在区域内发病率高，又或与病患有密切接触者，可以接种计划外的疫苗。       困惑3：接种疫苗有什么禁忌？     专家解答：     处于慢性疾病的急性发作期，或正患发热、腹泻等急性疾病的儿童，免疫功能低下者，应待身体好转后再接种。     不同种类疫苗禁忌不同。免疫缺陷者、使用免疫抑制剂的儿童，不可使用脊灰、麻疹和卡介苗等活疫苗。注射丙种球蛋白4周后，才能接种活疫苗；既往接种后有严重不良反应如高热惊厥的儿童，不可再接种同种疫苗；有癫痫、脑病和脑炎后遗症等，不能接种百日咳、流脑和乙脑等疫苗。患有支气管哮喘、有食物、药物或疫苗过敏史的儿童，应咨询预防接种门诊医生能否接种。     Tips:接种疫苗注意事项     为减少不良反应的发生，家长应该在接种前了解接种疫苗的作用、禁忌、不良反应以及注意事项。每次接种前，向接种人员提供儿童的健康状况及既往病史、过敏史。接种时不要进食或嘴里含食物以免发生气管堵塞。接种后，儿童要在接种门诊留观30分钟，一旦出现可疑反应可得到及时处理。 Out of the baby vaccinated three puzzles In recent years, more and more types of vaccination of children, however, many of the children there are all kinds of discomfort symptoms after vaccination. The vaccine is it right? There are many unsafe factors? What is the abnormal reaction of vaccination? The vaccine is no taboo? Puzzle 1: children have a fever after vaccination, whether some unsafe factors of vaccine? What is the normal reaction after vaccination? Expert answers: To clear a little, for http://www.yulematou.com http://www.jich.net most people, the vaccine is very safe, can be effective in preventing the disease. Many parents have a misunderstanding, think the child vaccination appear have a fever, loss of appetite, burnout is the vaccine itself has a problem, and then produce http://www.fjmr-d.com distrust. In fact, because the vaccine on the body belongs to the " foreign invaders ", will stimulate the immune function response, therefore, in the http://www.soueou.com inoculated within 24 hours after heating below 38.5 degrees, the children the spirit of good, no other abnormalities, fever one or two days, is a normal response to vaccination. Similar also include rash, vomiting, diarrhea, limb weakness and the inoculation site redness, pain, induration, recover in 1-2 days, usually don't need to do any processing. However, there are a few children vaccinated after sustained high fever, seizures, vomiting, rash to http://www.wangpaiche.com subsidise the symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. Sometimes, an immune response is strongly associated with weak constitution, but it does not rule out the possibility of potential http://www.bjkdrh.com disease exist, as soon as symptomatic treatment. Very few children may cause serious problems of limb movement disorder, respiratory muscle paralysis caused by vaccination, should promptly to the hospital, medical staff are determined by the adverse reactions caused by the vaccine and timely treatment. Puzzle 2: what vaccines must http://www.wizpicture.com be vaccinated? Which vaccines do not necessarily vaccination? Expert answers: The vaccine is divided into two categories. One is in the plan, provided free of charge by the government, as a mandatory vaccination; one is outside the plan by citizens at their own expense, and voluntarily by the kinds of. The vaccine must be planned vaccination, including hepatitis B vaccine, BCG, OPV ( i.e. candy ), DPT vaccine, measles, mumps vaccine, tetanus, varicella vaccine, vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Outside the plan whether the vaccine inoculation depends. If a disease is seasonal prevention, such as influenza, pneumonia, in the absence of regional large-scale epidemic, can not inoculation. But if economic conditions permit, they have the will, or in an area where the disease incidence rate is high, or with the disease had close contacts, can plan vaccine inoculation. Puzzle 3: what is the http://www.zixinwutai.com taboo vaccination? Expert answers: Acute exacerbation in chronic diseases, or suffering from fever, diarrhea, acute disease in children, immunocompromised persons, should be the body improved after inoculation. Different kinds of different vaccine taboo. Immunodeficiency, use of immunosuppressive agents of children, do not use polio, measles and BCG vaccine. 4 weeks after injection of gamma globulin, can be vaccinated with live vaccine inoculation; previous children serious adverse reactions such as high fever convulsion, can http://www.14se.net no longer be seeded with vaccine; have seizures, encephalopathy and encephalitis sequela, not vaccinated against Bordetella, meningitis and Japanese B encephalitis vaccine. People with bronchial asthma, a food, drug or vaccine allergy in children, should consult doctors can vaccination vaccination clinic. Tips: vaccination precautions In order to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, parents should understand the vaccination before inoculation effect, taboo, adverse reactions and precautions. Every time before inoculation, health status and medical history, history of allergy to children vaccinated staff. Do not eat or mouth with food to avoid the blockage of the trachea. After inoculation, children in vaccination outpatient 30 minutes, once appear suspicious reaction can receive timely treatment.