钓鱼用小药知识

钓鱼用小药知识 一、容易被忽视的小药 1、辛辣味小药(葱、蒜、韭菜) 一般都是鲢鳙和鲤鱼比较喜欢，在钓对象鱼，主攻鲤鱼有鲫鱼闹时，可以适量添加。曾在钓鱼杂志上见过 一款鲢鳙的钓饵，在此介绍一下:取葱蒜韭菜捣烂，装瓶加水，夏天暴晒数天，用来活面，底钓鲢鳙(此方我没试过，出自《中国钓鱼》2009年第九期23页) 2、红薯白薯甜菜 一般在垂钓鲤鱼的时候用，取烤熟去焦的部分直接放进饵料里抓碎，红薯最好选用红瓤的，糖分较多。甜菜近些年黑龙江地区比较少见，是不可多得的垂钓良饵，蒸熟后可以直接切块挂钩，效果奇佳(家父很喜欢用)。 3、豆粉 可以自制，将黄豆炒熟磨碎，条件不方便也可以用现成的包装好的，推荐维维豆粉，对鲫鱼有较强的针对性。 4、芝麻糊 这个比较常见，但是一般都没用过，不知道大家在喝芝麻糊的时候是否发现很粘很稠，可以用作增粘剂，而且香味独特可以在水中传出很远。 5、咖啡 除了能提高人的兴奋性以外，对鱼的刺激作用也很大，吃过此物的鱼会比较兴奋，缺点是不能用太多，可能会过浓，惊跑鱼，另外，鱼会上下游动，泳层不定，不好找鱼层。但是对付活动迟缓的不愿开口的鱼有奇效。 6、麦片 比雪花粉好很多的松散剂，雾化好，味道香，所含各种营养物质，适合水质比较瘦的水域和天然水域，野钓的朋友可以尝试，缺点是价格比较贵(我是拿了爷爷没喝掉，过期的麦片去尝试的，效果很好，拿来分享) 7、食盐 生活中最常见的小药，夏天人运动过度的时候要补一些盐分，鱼也是有这种需要的，少量添加，会对你有所帮助。 8、高梁 垂钓鲤鱼的最佳打窝粮食，这是几代人所总结的最好的诱鲤鱼的窝料，但是现在不是很好找了，一我家那来说，就只有我老爸还每年种一点，留作垂钓之用，每每到了夏天垂钓之人都会去讨要，家父碍于面子就会慷慨放送，结果没等入秋，就没有了...跑远了，总之想要钓鲤鱼的钓者可以去找一找了。 9、淘米水 用淘米水和饵，对各种淡水鱼类都有不错的战绩，特别是对鲤鱼，家母喜欢煮饭前一天将米泡一晚上，好像很多主妇都喜欢这么多，取此水带到钓点，开饵......泡的时间越长，效果越好，如果家里做粘豆包、粘饼子，那泡了数日糯米的水更是绝佳开饵的材料。 二、常见小药 1、糖(白糖、红糖、葡萄糖......) 糖是我们最常见的垂钓添加剂，我个人喜欢用葡萄糖(药店有售，要50%的很便宜的)一是使用方便，液体的直接就加进开饵的水中，二是浓度好、甜性高，三是葡萄糖的甜味比较纯正。缺点是携带不是很方便，玻璃容器，易碎，可以买回后换成其他容器装放。此外，很多钓友喜欢用糖稀沾钩，或者用蚯蚓沾浓糖水，效果也不错。 2、 醋 一般在鲢鱼的垂钓过程中使用较多，但是要注意，加的量要掌握好，不能太多，有酸味即醋的酸味过浓反而影响鱼的吃食状态，咱黑龙江农村大都腌制酸菜，各位钓鲢鱼的钓友可以尝试用腌制酸菜的水来调制饵料，效果也不错，而且腌制酸菜本身就有一些微生物的存在，鲢鳙对这个很敏感。 3、中药(阿魏、香奈、八角、七星草......有人甚至用大麻) 对于中药在垂钓中的运用，招式各异，各有千秋，很多钓者也都有自己的小秘方，我不喜欢在饵料中加中药主要是太麻烦，尺度掌握不好还容易适得其反，论坛内也有好多介绍的方法，在此我不多说。但是我可以推荐一下，不妨用选好的中药泡酒，然后用的时候将酒稀释，拌入饵料中。特别推荐的是枸杞，这个可以直接挂钩垂钓，特别是对150克以上的鲫鱼有特效。 4、商品添加剂(各种香精，添加剂)我把所有市场上能买到的，专门用来垂钓的微量添加剂都称为商品添加剂，一般的外包装上都会有用法和用量，不再多说。添一句:有一款叫做“霸道”的中药添加剂，真的很霸道(不是做广告，不记得是什么厂家产的了，想买的钓友自己去市场上找吧) 商品鱼饵中的主要诱食成分 1、氨基酸系列;主要以胱氨酸和谷氨酸为主。 2、甜菜碱系列;主要以甜菜碱和蚕蛹粉为主。 3、甜味剂系列;主要成分为糖精钠是蔗糖甜度的500倍。 4、果胶系列;钩子入水后钩上有象果冻状物，这种成分就是淀粉和果胶的混合物。 甜菜碱为世界公认到目前为止还没有任何物质能和甜菜碱相比。它是最好的诱食剂特别对鲤鱼。笔者根据大量中外文献报道并对甜菜碱进行了实钓检验，效果相当理想。如果甜菜碱和氨基酸配合使用效果会更好胱氨酸是从人头发和猪毛通过强酸水解脱色精加工而得它是人发和猪毛中的精华，主要用于医药领域，国内生产的胱氨酸主要是出口，它属于生化产品也属于精细化工产品的范畴，可到化工试剂商店购买。 谷氨酸是以纳盐的形式及谷氨酸钠就是我们食用的味精。它系由小麦水解或由菌种发孝工艺加工而得。用味精诱鱼最实惠又便宜效果又好。 为什么酒能诱鱼呢,是酒里的成分决定的，简单的说酒是由“三精一水”:酒精，味精，香精，加蒸馏水组成，酒入水后能把酒中的溶质味精迅速扩散鱼嗅到气味能够拢来就是这个道理。甜菜碱纯品为白色晶体可到试剂商店购买，复合甜菜碱为黑胡椒粉的颜色，属于饲料添加剂可到大的饲料商店购买。蚕蛹粉可到饲料店购买，也可到农贸市场购买鲜的，回来自己加工。糖精钠和果胶属于食品添加剂范畴，可到大的食品添加剂商店购买。 兑蚕豆粉钓鲫鱼，兑玉米粉钓鲤鱼，兑米酒钓鳊鱼，兑藕粉菱角粉钓草鱼，兑豌豆粉可以钓膀鲢鱼，兑鱼骨粉可以钓青鱼，兑柠檬酸和乳酸可以钓罗非。 还可以兑一些添加剂等等。但兑诱食剂如氨基酸，甜菜碱之内的成分一定要把它的(阈值)搞清楚就是最底线，如果过量会 1 起反作用。不同的环境，气候，水域，温度，鱼的品种大小等诸多因素，它对鱼的(阈值)是不一样的。 鱼类的化学感受器(嗅觉和味觉)主要是对水体中底浓度化学物质的感觉，“底浓度”三个字往往被钓鱼人所忽视，主观认为“味儿越浓，鱼儿进窝越快、越多”，从而导致拒鱼儿于窝外的现象发生。这象人们用辣椒刺激食欲一样，辣椒放多了，菜丢了，导致了反效果。一般认为，能引起脑电波的氨基酸溶液的最低浓度(阈值)以10,7,10,8克分子浓度居多，一般在10,7,10,8克分子浓度时达到饱和。超过这一范围，鱼儿产生忌避反应”。 打窝子食用的是麸皮兑米酒兑白酒复合料，来得快，特别是鲤，鳊，鲫等鱼。------转 一、阿魏、酒诱鱼机理 酒的主要成分是乙醇，原料是淀粉;在酶的参与下、制作过程是:淀粉?葡萄糖?乙酸?乙醇。水生植物死亡腐烂的过程，其实就是一个相同的、但更缓慢的无氧发酵过程。在这过程 中会产生一些衍生物、并伴有特殊的气味;中药阿魏有一股特殊的蒜臭味，源于硫化物。水生动物的尸体被淤泥中的细菌分解，会产生硫化物和氨，其味就成了杂食性鱼类的物信号。 从营养角度，鱼并不需要酒和发臭的硫化物;但酒味儿的出现意味着一系列氨基酸的存在，臭味又代了VB2这种不可缺少的维生素的存在;两种味儿在水中同时产生、相互关联，让形成条件反射的鱼类以为是动植物尸体腐烂——有吃的了;酒和阿魏扮演了中介角色，钓者完成了对鱼的误导。 二 药酒饵料的泡制 1、药酒的成分构成:主要由引诱类、香料(香腥)类、排泄类、抑制类构成，具体为——阿魏、白酒(高度)、灵草、排草、丁香、大黄+滑石、VB2、安定„„ 注:A “阿魏乃人的尸骨水”、“黄金无价、阿魏无真”，渔夫认为乃江湖传言，因为传统医学中或许带有玄学的成分，这从老版古代医书中可以证明渔夫的观点; B 有的钓友用过安定，渔夫未尝试过; C 药酒的成分每个钓友都有自己的配方和特点，钓友可根据自己的经验而增减;也可适当加点玉米香精，据本渔夫初步考证——农欢里面以VB2为主、含有玉米香精 D 加大黄后、一般要加滑石，讲究排泄与收敛的平衡;大黄+滑石可用果道代替; E 鱼类对腐烂、发酵的味道很感兴趣;如用臭豆腐的水来拌饵料往往有奇效，没有阿魏、也可用韭菜发酵后的水来代替; F 可以用当地池塘的水稀释阿魏药酒后直接拌商品饵; 2、具体的比例为:阿魏100g+白酒5Kg+灵排草各250g+其它成分适量(可增、减成份) 简单配方:阿魏100g+白酒5Kg+灵排草各250g+果道10片+安定10片+VB2计200片 3、可泡制的饵料:大米、嫩包谷、麦子、谷子、小米等 4、具体泡制过程:将饵料装瓶约70%，再加药酒至90%;由于饵料的吸水膨胀，24小时后让其处于松散状态、并保持饵料处于药酒的液面之下;每隔一段时间又要让饵料处于松散状态，泡制时间一般6个月以上、时间越长越好; 5 使用注意事项: A 在出钓前10天内，把瓶内的药酒滤出(可以重复使用)，让饵料慢慢阴干备用; B 使用时应根据自己的垂钓对象用饵，如你要钓鲤鱼、使用谷子，钓草鱼、使用包谷等，当然使用大米、乃通用饵了; C 建议使用当地鱼塘的泥巴与鱼饵料混合捏团打窝，这样窝饵的味道更持久而留鱼; 注:这个阴干的过程很重要;很多钓友发现撒了不少窝饵、有不少鱼在窝的周围水面打旋旋或水下的鱼星很多，可就是鱼不开口或少开口吃钓饵;其缘故是:1.窝饵撒得太多 2.窝饵酒的浓度太高;根据事后解剖钓上的鱼看，其肚子里面基本上都是米、鱼不胜酒力而自晕也;渔夫于70年代中期、在家门口的小河里，常用高浓度的酒米+其它来毒鱼，鱼食后昏昏浊浊地处于水面打旋旋，只管用舀子去舀就行; 6 使用效果:根据渔夫及其他几位钓友使用的情况反映，效果还可以、尤其在冬季;但易招小鱼及花白鲢等 三 所谓的江湖万能饵 1 不管窝饵或钓饵都没有万能的;例如:以前大渡口的红狮水库(现在巴国城)里面，只能用猪血、猪肝才好钓鱼，里面的鱼对其它饵料基本上没反应，原来鱼塘老板用的是杀猪场的下脚料;再例:以前石桥铺某鱼塘要用肥肉才能钓得起鱼，因鱼塘老板是开餐馆的、其鱼喂的是潲水;传统饵料是经过无数人总结出来的，固然有一定的功效，但要客观而辩证地看待其功效，因为钓鱼过程受鱼情、季节、天气、每天的时段及运气等诸多因素的影响; 2 所谓的江湖万能饵就是:阿魏药酒(兑水)+线虫(蚯蚓)粉+各种对象鱼饵料;如:玉米粉——鲤鱼为主、胡豆粉——鲫鱼为主 四 总论 其实，现在的商品饵料已经很丰富、更争对不同的对象鱼也非常专业，对于一般钓手、可以利用各种不同的商品饵及其组合，多在网上查阅资料、多出去实践和总结，实践才能出真知、不断地总结才能提高;对于那些以钓鱼为乐趣、不注重鱼获而注重过程的钓友，自制饵料也是享受钓鱼的过程之一。制作中草药鱼饵的理论基础和配伍 一味中草药就是一个复方，其有效成分与药理作用密切相关。有效成分及其药理功能，是制作水产动物鱼饵的理论基础。现代中药化学研究表明，种类繁多的中草药有效成分主要有生物碱、甙类、黄酮、鞣质、树脂、糖类、油脂、有机酸、色素、挥发油、糖肽、氨基酸和多种常量与微量元素等。这些成分均以有机复合物形态存在，除单个成分所起的作用， 还有各成分间的复合作用。按药效学之构效关系分析，则中草药的药理作用是多功能性 的，不仅有直接作用，还有间接作用和整体调节作用，包括了抑制病原微生物作用、增强免疫作用、抗应激和“适应源”样作用、*(注)激素样作用、维生素样作用、.双向调节作用及营养作用等。复方中草药物的配伍，渔用中药制剂的配伍是近年来研究的另一个热点。经试验中草药物的配伍不同于其他药物，例如:大与黄芩、大黄与金银花有协同作用，大黄与黄柏则出现拮抗作用;主张配伍一些热性的或微凉性的中药如肉桂枝、月见草、紫苏、连翘、丁香、阿魏、大黄、灵草、小茴香、香草、排草等中药。这些中草药一般都含有挥发性成分和生物碱。中草药对动物蛋白也有配伍------。(注):抗应激和“适应源”作用中草药有提高机体防御抵抗力和调节缓和应激源的作用。可以组织应激反映警戒期、抵抗期、衰竭期出现 的异常变化，起到抗应激作用;如柴胡、石膏、黄芩、鸭跖草、地龙、水牛角、、西河柳等有抗热应急原的作用。“适应源”物质，黄芪、党参等均有“适应源”样作用，能使动物机体在恶劣环境中的生理功能得到调节，使之增强适应能力。 记住中草药配制鱼饵不是万能的从理论上说要遵循配伍，不是什么草药加在一起就是一个配方。有些草药是用来给鱼治 病的有些草药才是诱鱼之用，例如:“钓鱼王”研制的“麝香米”和 “麝香米粉”在鱼饵的配比中，就是用来诱鱼的-。但是就草药而言单独使用是不能诱鱼的必须配以动物、植物蛋白如:鱼骨粉、红虫粉、虾粉、蚕蛹粉等才能取得事半功倍。这么多年了有谁真正给鱼友们好好讲讲这些道理呢, 西药妙用 大家都知道中药对于钓鱼是很有作用的，其实成品西药也可以应用在钓鱼上。 2 比如钓友常用的VB2，就是一种很好的诱食剂和着色剂。而且比较广普，可以和大部分饵料配合使用。 阿司匹林，热天配合中药使用时起缓释和留鱼的作用。 果导片，常规鱼受惊时抗应激使用。剂量可稍大。 沙丁胺醇，西马特罗，直接作用於鱼类的中枢神经，使鱼类兴奋。但单用效果不明显。 安定，常规配合小药使用，加多容易鱼不下底。 苯甲酸钠，常规做中药和白饵的稳定剂。 医用葡萄糖，缄性水质配合大香使用，相对诱大。 晶体喉片，起对饵料增甜和中和异味的作用。 还有哪些成品西药可以用在钓鱼上，请大家补充。 解密小药——论添加剂的使用 1、针对不同鱼情使用: 小药在以前使用最多的就是竞技比赛中，近距离的多人垂钓，饵料入水后的味道千奇百怪，自己的饵料如果没有过人之处，想钓到鱼那是非常困难的，特别是第一场刚开赛的抢鱼阶段，一定要用到小药，不然想在自己的窝点内诱来鱼那都是非常困难的。换位后，原钓位下已经积累了部分的饵料，水中鱼的嗅觉经过几十分钟的刺激，已经有些麻木了。第二场上来，小药还是必须要添加的，不然勾不起鱼的食欲，即使钓点内有鱼，也不会有太好的成绩。后几场，鱼的食性会发生些变化，这个时候要么使用比平常量大的小药来刺激鱼，要么使用不加小药的清淡饵来迎合鱼的口味。一般生口鱼可以考虑添加大量的小药，新鱼老鱼共存的水域后几场还是慎用小药。在休闲钓中现在大部分人也广泛使用小药，特别是出去钓黑坑，这种赌钓塘，每个人交完钓费谁都想多拿点鱼回去，那么打下的饵料和使用的小药不会次于竞技比赛。黑坑的时候在分析好天气和水情后，一定要仔细分析当天鱼的需要，看它们是需要体力补充，还是需要营养补充，或者是要利用神经性小药来刺激它们才能达到我们多钓鱼的目的。如果是远途运输来的鱼，一定是需要体力补充，那么就要加入一些神经性调节小药，例如丸九的鲤鱼神经信息素小药，ck三号，或者一些日本产的神经类刺激小药。通过这些小药的刺激，让此时的鱼忘记疲惫，兴奋起来主动的想吃进食物。如果发现放进池中的鱼营养不佳，比较瘦弱，或者是天气情况决定它们需要补充营养，那么就适合使用虾粉和蚕蛹粉，高温季节不要忘记给鱼植物蛋白类物质的补充。如果放进池子里的鱼看起来正常，但是钓起来，吃口却很少，这时候，要么是池塘中的水质原因，导致刚放进来的鱼不进食，要么是塘主的原因，使新进的鱼无心吃饵。碰上这种情况，一是可以用比正常使用浓度大些的高纯度香精的添加来刺激鱼开口，还可以使用神经类食欲调节剂。让鱼这个时候受到的外界刺激比它本身受到的其它刺激更为强烈，从而产生吃饵的欲望。或者使用调节性小药，调节此时鱼的感应系统，让它们的神经中枢神经反应趋近正常情况。从而能在这种很恶劣的情况下，出去黑坑不至于空军。野钓时，如果钓鱼人比较密集，那么也最好用些小药，这种情况就和竞技场基本差不多了。再者，野外水域的鱼经常遭受拉网、旋网、“电击”的骚扰，鱼本身的感官神经已经有些退化或者由于长期受到惊吓，吃饵非常谨慎，而且正常情况下不太喜欢进食。特别是经常受电击的鱼，它们的嗅觉神经可定有些退化。那么不使用小药是很难在正常情况下有比较好的收获的。加大饵料的味道刺激才能把这种情况下的鱼引诱到窝子里。天气情况不佳，鱼本身的生理机能也会受到一些影响，垂钓时一定要加入小药。夏秋季节天气闷热，池鱼极易发生缺氧状况，这种时候可以加入一些发酵类小药或者调节性小药，例如鱼开胃，凤梨香精以及果酸类小药。天气寒冷的季节，水体温度较低，鱼的感觉神经由于本身生理机能迟缓，也随着有些退化，钓这种鱼可以加入比正常使用量稍微大些的小药，而且是最好组成性小药和神经性刺激小药合并使用。 、小药的具体使应用: 2 有这么多种小药，我们使用的时候就应该仔细的了解清楚每种小药本身的性能和使用特性，这样才能有针对性的在不同的钓场针对不同的情况正确使用。不论是固态小药还是液态小药，使用的时候为了能让小药中有效诱鱼成分充分的溶解到钓饵当中最好都要把小药提前溶解开饵的水里，大部分的小药到水中都可以溶解。先把小药溶于水，然后再随开饵的水加入钓饵中，这样小药的作用发挥的才更加完美。下边就有些常用的小药做一下简单的使用举例，以方便刚接触台钓的朋友能更好的运用钓饵添加剂。 蛋奶香精，这是我们最常见、最常用的一种广谱型添加剂了，纯正的动物卵香味的诱惑加上奶香刺激，针对鲫鱼、鲤鱼、鲢鳙、罗飞都有非常好的引诱效果。目前市场上可见到的蛋奶分为酸、香两种。酸蛋白常用于做鲢鳙的饵的添加剂，或高温季节使用，老鬼公司的蛋奶香精就是酸香型的。香蛋奶主要用来垂钓鲫鱼、鲤鱼和罗飞鱼。不同的水域添加量要靠自己掌握，基本肥水中可以多些，5%左右，钓罗飞是可以多些，10%左右，甚至更多。钓鲫鱼、鲤鱼时添加蛋奶过量，很容易招来小杂鱼。蛋奶在秋末季节使用量可以大一些，主要是通过加大饵料中卵黄素的含量和加大饵料中奶香的含量，来增加饵料的诱鱼性和适口性。 草莓香精也是我们很常见的一种小药，有浓郁的草莓香气，主要用在夏季的肥水水域或者用在黑坑的时候提升饵料的味道，由于味道极为浓烈，一般使用量在1%—3%之间，钓鲢鳙时候使用量稍微大一些，5%左右，也可以更多。 凤梨香精基本在夏季使用较多，有种又酸又甜的香气，这种味道在高温天气能很好的刺激鱼的胃口，鱼在高温季节来点酸甜的食物，是会胃口大开的。用量根据不同水质的水域来自己掌握，基本添加量在1%--3%左右，夏季钓鲢鳙的时候也很好用。 柠檬香精和凤梨香精基本差不多，但是没有凤梨香精香，在夏秋季节的碱水水域使用比较多，也算是一种开胃的小药，用量也于凤梨香精差不多。 橡胶香精和其他味道不是很浓烈的水果型香精都主要用在夏秋季节，而且适量添加，对大体型鲫鱼也有很大的诱惑性，不过用量过多会招来很多小杂鱼闹钩。 维生素类小药属于组成性小药，本身是一种鱼类维持正常生命活动所需的一种化合物，常见的水溶性比较好，对鱼作用明显的有维生素b族、维生素c，维生素a和维生素d、e。这类物质一般在制作鱼饲料的时候都有添加，我们在使用时做好先了解一下自己使用的饵料中缺少哪种维生素，然后再根据情况添加，常用的维生素主要有维生素b族，维生素c，b族有很多种，常用的是可促进细胞生长和发育的维生素b2，常温使用效果明显些。维生素c能在很大程度上提高水体中鱼的抗缺氧能力。常用量一般在0.5%—2%左右。氨基酸类小药也很常见，用途也最为广泛。鱼类所必须氨基酸分为必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸，必需氨基 酸有赖氨酸、精氨酸，亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸等十种鱼类本身可以合成的氨基酸。非必须氨基酸是指鱼类生长需要，但本身不能 3 通过摄取食物合成的氨基酸。我们也只是大概了解一下就可以，目前鱼饵厂家生产的氨基酸都是复合氨基酸添加剂。基本都是十几种氨基酸都依据不同比例合成的，里边氨基酸的纯度高达80%以上，拿来直接使用就可以。但如果要使用单品氨基酸，那就要掌握单品氨基酸的不同用途了。这里指举例说明常用的几种单品氨基酸。苯丙氨酸，味道微苦，溶于水，是甜味剂的主要原料，加入饵料中可以增加饵料的营养成分，还能提升饵料适口性;谷氨酸，呈酸性，有鲜味，微溶于水。这个大家比较熟悉，食用味素就是谷氨酸的钠盐——谷氨酸钠，是种鲜味剂，对多种香味具有增强作用。某些肥水中加入3%左右的谷氨酸钠，有时会有意想不到的效果;牛磺酸，味微酸苦，溶于水。一般在海产品中含量较高，对鲤鱼有一定的诱食性。缬氨酸，味道微甜略带苦，呈酸性，溶解于水，特别与超诱等一类谷物饵料一同使用时，有很强的增香作用，同时又有增加鱼类抵抗能力的作用，一般是黑坑时使用较多。复合氨基酸的用量一般在1%左右，单品氨基酸的用量更少，一般在1%以内。 猪母乳是近几年钓友们广为使用的一种小药。其实是幼猪刚断奶时促使其进食的一种饲料添加剂。香味极浓，略带甜味，微溶于水。在水下穿透力极强，针对生口鱼的效果更好，或者在黑坑是钓刚放进池中的新鱼，还可以用鱼喜香的偏口池塘里。用量一般在0.5%---1%左右，添加过量会造成死窝。因其香味太浓，所以在使用猪母乳的时候，一般钓一段时间，发现窝子中鱼口稀少，可以马上换上不加小药的饵料来垂钓。 鱼开胃，乳香味道略带酸味。这种小药鸭江和101出品的效果比较好些，里边含有天然酵素成分，一般是红色粘稠状液体，对付低温季节的鱼，或者钓放多次的回锅鱼都有不错的效果，用量一般在0.5—1%左右，根据不同水域的不同水情，自己多试验然后掌握用量，过量也易造成死窝现象。 天下无双原，这是台湾101的一款很著名那个的小药，里边是日本很多颗粒类饵料中的主体味道成分。其实用过丸九天下无双的钓友都知道，无双的主体就是海洋生物提取物的那种醇正腥味，天下无双原里边正式这种味道，普通饵料里加入天下无双原，可以让我们的普通饵料变成和天下无双一样的味道。 老鼠药，曾经风靡钓场的一种穿透力很强的小药。复合香气，对鲫鱼、鲤鱼都有很好的引诱作用，现在能见到的老鼠药分为两种，一种是淡黄色，主要用来垂钓鲫鱼，一种是淡绿色，多用来垂钓鲤鱼。最初的老鼠药是台湾出品的，原料是种高纯度进口香料，饵料厂家根据不同的使用需要，加入其它味型的香精，想在加入樱花味精，杏仁香精的比较多，不仅降低了添加剂的成本，也扩大了成品老鼠药的使用范围。 香虎的化学名是乙基麦芽酚。溶于水也溶于酒，本身有一定的香味，而且能对饵料中的味道起到很好的挥发作用。市面上能见到的香虎基本上是针对鲫鱼纯香型的，单纯的香虎粉末添加量很小，一般在1%左右，不过使用的时候大多是把香虎液体溶进水或者酒里，然后再加入钓饵中，这是香虎液体溶剂量就可以在3%左右了。在两广附近常钓罗飞的地带，有种把糖熬焦了散发出那种味道的香虎添加剂，多用来垂钓罗飞鱼 香虎猪母乳酒，这也是一种使用比较广泛的液态小药，多用在竞技场上。基本是按照猪母乳、香虎、高度曲酒1:2:5的体积比例，加入后摇匀，猪母乳在酒中的溶解度也不会很高，我们可以适当的把这种溶液加热，待里边粉末状物质溶解完毕，让其自然晾凉。使用时添加量一般在1%左右，对一般淡水鱼都有很好的效果。 甜蜜素，一种食品添加剂，甜度是普通蔗糖的几十倍，许多钓友也常用其来垂钓竿塘中的鲤鱼，使用中发现与氨基酸配合使用的效果会好些。常添加很小0.1—0.5%。 香兰素，食品添加剂商店有售，有浓郁的兰豆香气和奶香，可以在配置饵料的时候加入，也可以用来泡酒。很多钓友把香兰素添加到腥味鲤鱼饵料中，用来钓肥水中的鲤鱼。 陆克香，进两年比较流行的鲫鱼小药，味道和老鼠药差不多，里边能闻到樱花味精的香味。还有种单纯的陆克香，据说只有牛奶的香味，不过还没有使用过。还有种味道和猪母乳类似的陆克香，用起来效果也不错。台湾101出品的陆克酱和其生产的陆克香味道相似，只是陆克香是液体的，使用起来也更为方便。 六合香，很多厂家都有生产，只101公司就有六合香粉末和六合酱两种，六合酱是液体的小药，瓶盖有特制量杯配合使用。六合香用的时候一定要少量添加，它本身的香气会在水中越来越浓烈。 香王，资深饵料研究者纪老师的经典之作，纯植物原料提炼而成，香气浓郁，最主要的是使用时加入过量了也不会死窝，在陆克香好用的水域，使用香王的效果会更好些而且在打混养赛时也能起到一定的效果。 清底剂，一种清香味道的液体小药，专门对付陈年老塘，能一定程度上吸附钓点水底的饵料垃圾，常使用拉丝粉的水域，比较适用。本身清香，也能在一定程度上缓解加入香精后出现死窝的现象。在水温较高的夏秋季节使用效果较好。 乌鸡膏，纯度很高的乌鸡膏是台湾种植榴莲的肥料，其主要原料是很多海产品的内脏长时间的发酵物。有股浓烈的臭腥味，主要用在臭底水域，和垂钓罗非的时候。特别是一些有动物粪便排入的水域用乌鸡膏的效果更加明显。 黑水,是以乌鸡膏味原料经过饵料厂家调配后的鱼饵添加剂。作用和乌鸡膏相似，主要用在夏秋季节肥水中。味道酸、臭，在天气闷热的陈年老塘中效果比较显著。 KMPT，又名二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭，白色晶体粉末，易受潮，甲基供体，可调节渗透压，提高鱼类的抗应激能力，促进鱼类摄食。对常见淡水鱼类有相当强的引诱效果。用量不易控制，稍微过量就很容易招引小鱼 ck一号，一种近似膏类的发酵类小药，里边富含对鱼极具吸引力的穿山甲提取成分，深海鱼油，以及多种 氨基酸和甜味剂，针对春、夏、秋季节的多种淡水鱼都有很强的引诱力，夏秋季节的肥水水域配合ck二号药酒使用，效果更佳。 春の鲫，一种日本的神经性调节小药，可以通过不同鱼对这种物质的不同需求，来控制不同大小的鱼进食，能在一定程度上避开小杂鱼。 小狐king添加剂，屠池饵料出品的一种神经性添加剂，可以调整对鱼类中枢神经的刺激，让鱼儿对所吃进的饵料上瘾，具有独特的气味，比较适合近距离垂钓中的抢鱼和留鱼。 暑の鲤，效果还不错，里边有种独特的发酵气息，是鲤鱼的最爱，特别适合早夏季使用，而且在陈年老塘中效果明显。 小药的分类 从小药的使用用途我们可以把小药分为调味性小药和调节性小药。调味性小药比较常见，市面上可以见到的各种粉状香精，或者某些味道较为强烈的液态添加剂。添加到饵料当中主要是为了调节饵料的味型，使我们开好的饵料更加适合当前钓场中鱼口的偏好。调节性小药就比较广泛了，它可以是调节饵料的诱鱼性，即调节饵料中诱鱼剂的浓度，用来刺激鱼的中枢 4 感应神经的添加剂。让鱼儿在短时间内聚集到我们的窝点内;也可以是调节饵料中某种刺激性元素的浓度的添加剂，使鱼产生兴奋感，激起它们吃饵的欲望;还可以是调节饵料中雄雌激素含量的添加剂，用来引诱产卵季节的鱼，或者是可以用来调节饵料的营养成分，让我们的饵料有更好的适口性。 从小药体现出的外在形态，我们可以把小药分为固态和液态两种。液态小药主要是各种液体香精、虾液、蚕蛹液，牡蛎液，海洋生物提取液，以及各种常见的药酒和液体诱鱼剂。固态小药主要是粉末状、小颗粒状和膏状，粉末状的象我们常见的蛋奶香精、草莓香精、老鼠药、凤梨香精、氨基酸、果酸诱、香虎、香王等。颗粒状的像日本产的一些颗粒状小药，台湾,,,的天下无双原，以及一些颗粒状增养剂。膏状的主要是,,一号，陆克酱，六合酱，还有二广地区使用比广泛的乌鸡膏。 从小药对鱼的作用，我们把小药分为神经性调节小药和组成性调节小药。神经性调节小药，加入后主要是用来刺激鱼的感官神经和中枢神经，让鱼在短时间内产生兴奋感，调动起他们的活性，使其积极觅食，或者比较集中的在钓点周围活动。目前有种神经性调节小药可以使吃饵的鱼类在十几分钟内上瘾，能让周围的鱼和引来的鱼只吃这种饵料，不会去理睬其它味道的饵料，这种小药很适合用在竞技钓场上短时间抢鱼，并能垄断钓点附近鱼的吃口。日本还有种可以调节鱼类反应神经的小药，入水溶解后，可以让钓点附近的鱼在吃的很饱的情况下，还觉得很饿，最大限度的提高鱼的吃钩率。去年国内市场上还见到一种可以通过控制添加不同的浓度，来控制鱼的摄食状况的小药。这种小药也是作用于鱼类的感官神经和中枢神经，通过不同大小的鱼对这种物质的不同浓度需求，来控制不同大小的鱼吃饵，能在一定程度上达到避开小杂鱼的目的，不过这种小药市面上很少见到，是某些竞技队的内部小药。组成性小药，加到饵料里主要是调整饵料内部的化学组成，用一些钓场中鱼类比较喜好的、比较熟悉的味道，或者鱼类天生就能感知的某些化学物质来刺激他们，从而勾起他们的食欲，让他们聚集在钓点附近，并毫不犹豫的吃进这种“熟悉”的饵料。象我们常用的各种香精、甜菜碱、维生素、各种合成添加剂都属于组成性小药。 从鱼类本身对小药的感知，我们还可以把小药分为内激素刺激小药和外激素刺激小药。内激素刺激小药，溶解到水中后可以产生鱼本身需要并能自身通过吃进食物可以合成的物质，象各种氨基酸，糖类，酶类，蛋白类小药。这类小药加入饵料后，鱼能感知到他们熟悉的物质，但这种物质正常情况下，是要消耗鱼类的体能才会去合成的，我们在饵料中加入了这种物质，鱼儿感受到他们生长需要但并不用去消耗体力合成的物质，当然会疯狂进食的。外刺激类小药，溶解到水中后可以产生鱼类本身需要，但自身无法合成的物质。这种物质对鱼类本身的生理机能有一定的调节的控制作用，并能在一定程度上帮助鱼类抵御一些疾病，使其恢复健康。象甲壳素类小药，邢乐仁老师的,,,,，以及大豆卵磷脂类添加剂都是这种外激素小药。这类物质鱼只能从外界食物中摄取，本身无法合成。当它们感受到附近水域存在这种物质时，必定会仔细寻找，积极觅食。 小药的选择 竞技高手的钓箱内都有几十种、上百种的小药，看起来有些夸张，但这是正常的现象。现今竞技钓场上流行一句话:钓鱼不加药，等于瞎胡闹。天气，鱼情，水情都是这个时刻改变的变数， 几款鱼饵的按比例搭配根本不可能随时满足目前钓场的综合情况，这时候就一定要用到小药。面对品种繁多的小药，我们在使用的时候应根据不同的情况来慎重选择，而且在选择小药的时候要了解手中饵料的特性，了解使用小药的特性。不然盲目的添加，很可能在垂钓中起到反作用。 首先，出于对我们垂钓环境和鱼类生存环境负责的态度，如果不是为了竞技比赛中快速聚鱼和近距离 抢鱼，那么人工合成的各种香精以及会对水体造成威胁的小药最好还是不要使用。应该尽量选择天然素材的小药，比如某些对水体无危害的中药浸泡的药酒，以及我们常见的虾粉，虾油，蚕蛹粉，鱼骨粉，肝粉，牡蛎蛋白等，为了调节饵料的含糖量，还可以加入些蜂蜜、红糖或者葡萄糖。在这个大前提下，再根据不同的天气，不同的水情，不同的鱼情来具体分析和选择。 一般春季气温水温都比较低，鱼类刚从冬天的半冬眠状态中苏醒过来，需要大量的补充营养，而且这个时候鱼的感觉神经还是不太灵敏，需要浓重的味道刺激，那么我们就选择一些可以增加鱼饵营养成分的添加剂，比如各种海洋生物提取品，各种动物肢体、内脏粉未，加到饵料当中增加饵料中蛋白成分的含量;还要添加一些高纯度香精，各饵料厂家出品的蛋奶香精或者猪母乳，陆克香，香虎，草莓香精，以及复合香精，用来刺激这个季节鱼的感官系统，迫使它们产生摄食欲望。春季使用药酒的时候不是很多，大多数中药其实都有遮腥的作用，加进去，掩盖了饵料本身蛋白物质所散发的适合这个阶段鱼类摄食习性的味道，很多时候钓效不会有预计的好，但晚春季节，使用药酒绝对是有优势的。 夏季水温较高，鱼类的摄食习性也开始逐淅转变，大多数水域需要较为清淡的饵料。搭配饵料时加入的小药也要选择相应的种类，夏季可以考虑使用樱花香精、柠檬香精、杏仁香精、凤梨香精、玉米香精，各种有针对性的单品氨基酸和复合氨基酸。夏季水温高，水中各种微生物生长旺盛，大部分水域水底发酵现象严重，这个时期鱼会特别钟情于酒味的饵料。这时各种泡制的药酒，鱼开胃，屠池,,系列以及各种发酵后制成的小药都会有不错的效果。目前市场上有种专门针对夏季鲤鱼的发酵类小药，大概叫暑の鲤，这种小药里边有种独特的厌氧发酵的气息，是夏季鲤鱼非常喜欢的味道，针对夏季的鲤鱼有非凡的钓效。这里要特别提一下氨基酸，夏季使用氨基酸效果尤为显著，夏季是水中氨基酸最丰富的季节，也是鱼类对 各种氨基酸需求量最大的季节。结合夏季水中发酵的情况，我们完全可以把洒和复合氨基酸结合在一起使用。泡制中药使用的药酒一般都是低度曲酒，低度曲酒的味道较为柔和，更接近水中产生的乙醇味道。泡制氨基酸也需要用到低度曲酒，通过一定的比例搭配氨基酸和曲酒，使氨基酸充分溶解到挥发性较好的酒当中，在夏季鱼口不好的时候，是会有立竿见影的效果。 夏季水中除了有发酵物质外，某些和外界交换比较慢的水域，还会出现臭底的现象，这时候黑水和乌鸡膏就派上用场了。这种添加剂的腥臭味道和出现臭底的水域味道很相近，能很大程度上降低鱼的警觉性，提高中鱼率。夏季也是各种昆虫的繁殖季节，昆虫掉入水中后会分泌一种酸性物质，水中鱼类对这种酸性物质非常的敏感。野外水域，或者长时间不喂养的水域，水中鱼儿的天然食物除了水中各种微生物外，就是掉落水中的昆虫了，蛐蛐，蚂蚱，蜻蜓等这些昆虫危急时刻分泌出来的酸性物质对这种水域中的鱼致命的诱惑。不喂养水域垂钓时一定别忘了加入一些含这种酸性物质的小药。炎热的夏季是夜钓的好时候，夜晚的鱼会大量吃进落入水中的昆虫，因此夜钓时尤其需要这种昆虫分泌物提炼出来的小药。夏季还是水中藻类植物繁殖的旺季，各种藻类也是夏季鱼类主要的天然食物，所以藻类元素以及各种含有藻类的小药也是夏季常用的添加剂。夏季是一年四季水体最容易发生缺氧现象的季节。所以增氧剂也是夏天不可缺少的一款小药。不同厂象的增氧剂中的有效成分过碳酸钠的含量是不同的，使用时注意厂家的使用说明就可以了，一般打窝的时候需要多些，直接加到钓饵中使用，量要少一些。为了环保最好使用可以改善水体质量的增氧剂。微生物多，水中的病菌也相应增多，夏季的鱼最容易患病，大蒜素在 5 夏季使用的效果也很不错，特别是针对养殖的鱼。夏季肥水中，草莓香精也是最常用的小药，这种穿透力很强的水果味香精，添加,%,,,左右，对于肥水中的鲫鱼和鲤鱼都有不错的效果。这些是夏季最常用的小药，春季用到的那些香精，在夏季也会用到，阴沉的闷热天气，突然降雨后的相对低温天气，以及某些人工因素造成鱼口不佳的时刻，也完全可以使用春季那些小药，纯腥的虾粉，穿透力很强的老鼠药在夏季也会有效果。 秋季的小药使用较为复杂，这个季节是鱼类摄食习性逐渐转变的过程，前半个季节还会是高温季节，鱼类的食性和夏天差不多。小药的使用也和夏季相仿，但秋季很多水域里的鱼都喜香，依照这个特性，我们可以使用蛋奶香加药酒，蛋奶对于我们常钓的鲤鲫具有很普遍的引诱力，而且这个季节使用药酒很多，那么我们可以将蛋奶和药酒搭配使用，中药的强穿透力加上蛋奶的醇正香气，对夏末秋初水中的大物有极强的引诱力。秋季的后半个季节，鱼开始大量进食以储存冬天过冬所需的能量。这时的鱼比较好钓，加入小药的时候主要注重使用组成性小药中可以增加鱼饵营养成分的小药，虾粉，虾油，蚕蛹粉和蚕蛹液等。在这个前提下，如果需要快速聚鱼，再考虑使用春夏季节的各种香精，以及加入挥发性较强的药酒。香虎酒在这个季节的使用率也较高些，香虎本身的提鲜作用加上酒的挥发作用，在秋季使用的效果非常不错。 冬季垂钓，北方主要是冰钓和大棚钓，南方还可以适当的进行室外垂钓。北方冰钓使用的小药主要是虾粉，红虫粉，以及一些动物蛋白合成品。主要使用方法是用虫饵沾湿后再沾这些添加剂，让添加剂入水扩散，激活钓点附近鱼的感触神经，唤起它们摄食的记忆。大棚中使用虫饵和冰钓中差不多，但是使用商品饵的时候用到的小药就多了，各种高浓度香精、神经性调节小药和组成性小药都会用到。在大棚中，使用普通常用面饵，搓饵后沾取南极虾粉钓，或者丸九纯粉鲫搓小团沾取吕中胜老师的促摄剂，效果都不错。南方的室外冬钓，也可以使用上述小药，用来撬开鱼嘴。不过很多南方的朋友反馈冬天使用卵黄素的效果很好。究其原因，鱼在南方的冬天，能吃到的最多的天然食物就是鱼卵了，在钓饵中加入卵黄提取品， 钓取南方冬天的鱼必然是很好用的。 目前我国食品添加剂目录中有1960多种添加剂，共有22类。分别是(1)防腐剂(2)抗氧化剂(3)发色剂(4)漂白剂(5)酸味剂(6)凝固剂(7)疏松剂(8)增稠剂(9)消泡剂(10)甜味剂(11)着色剂(12)乳化剂(13)品质改良剂(14)抗结剂(15)增味剂(16)酶制剂(17)被膜剂(18)发泡剂(19)保鲜剂(20)香料(21)营养强化剂(22)其他添加剂。防腐剂——常用的有苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、二氧化硫、乳酸等。用于果酱、蜜饯等的食品加工中。抗氧化剂——与防腐剂类似，可以延长食品的保质期。常用的有维C、异维C等。着色剂——常用的合成色素有胭脂红、苋菜红、柠檬黄、靛蓝等。它可改变食品的外观，使其增强食欲。增稠剂和稳定剂——可以改善或稳定冷饮食品的物理性状，使食品外观润滑细腻。他们使冰淇淋等冷冻食品长期保持柔软、疏松的组织结构。营养强化剂——可增强和补充食品的某些营养成分如矿物质和微量元素(维生素、氨基酸、无机盐等)。各种婴幼儿配方奶粉就含有各种营养强化剂。 膨松剂——部分糖果和巧克力中添加膨松剂，可促使糖体产生二氧化碳，从而起到膨松的作用。常用的膨 松剂有碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、复合膨松剂等。 甜味剂——常用的人工合成的甜味剂有糖精钠、甜蜜素等。目的是增加甜味感。 酸味剂——部分饮料、糖果等常采用酸味剂来调节和改善香味效果。常用柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乳酸等。 增白剂——过氧化苯甲酰是面粉增白剂的主要成分。我国食品在面粉中允许添加最大剂量为0.06g/kg。增白剂超标，会破坏面粉的营养，水解后产生的苯甲酸会对肝脏造成损害，过氧化苯甲酰在欧盟等发达国家 已被禁止作为食品添加剂使用。香料——香料有合成的，也有天然的，香型很多。消费者常吃的各种口味巧克力，生产过程中广泛使用各种香料，使其具有各种独特的风味。酸奶 果胶(增稠剂) 副作用:有的增稠剂是淀粉水解产生的糊精、改性淀粉等，它们本身无毒无害，但容易升高血糖，甚至可能导致更剧烈的血糖反应。 :我国允许使用的有琼脂、明胶、卡拉胶等25种。 推荐:目前使用广泛的是卡拉胶、黄原胶以及改性淀粉、纤维素等自然界存在的高分子碳水化合物。(酸奶含有防腐作用的乳酸和乳酸菌素，所以不需添加防腐剂。) 冰激凌、雪糕着色剂:日落黄、柠檬黄、胭脂红、苋菜红、亮蓝等都是食用合成色素，也称食用合成染料。副作用:因对人体有害，不能用于糕点及肉制品。 标准:我国规定，任何婴幼儿食品中严禁使用任何人工合成色素。 冷藏肉品 山梨酸钾(防腐剂)与水果的梨无关，山梨酸(钾)能有效地抑制霉菌，酵母菌和好氧性细菌的活性，还能防止肉毒杆菌、葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等有害微生物的生长和繁殖。推荐:山梨酸钾抗菌力强、毒性较小，可参与体内正常代谢，转化为二氧化碳和水，但价格较贵，不少国家已开始逐步用它取代苯甲酸钠。 亚硝酸钠(护色剂)不仅可以使肉制品色泽红润，还可以抑菌保鲜和防腐，目前还没有其他更为理想的添加剂替代它。副作用:过量食入可麻痹血管运动中枢、呼吸中枢及周围血管，更可疑的是有一定致癌性。标准:亚硝酸钠可按GBl907国标生产作为食品添加剂，按GB2760规定量添加，肉食中最大使用量是0.15克,千克，肉食中亚硝酸钠残留量在罐头中不得超过0(05克,千克;肉制品不得超过0.03克,千克。世界食品卫生科学委员会1992年发布的人体安全摄入亚硝酸钠的标准为0-0.1毫克,千克体重，按此标准使用 和食用，对人体不会造成危害。 D-异抗坏血酸钠(抗氧化剂)被中国食品添加剂协会评为“绿色食品添加剂”，可保持食品的色泽，自然风味，延长保质期，主要用于肉制品、水果、蔬菜、罐头、果酱、啤酒、汽水、果茶、果汁、葡萄酒等。它能防止腌制品中致癌物质——亚硝胺的形成。副作用:基本无害，但是过量摄入会导致一系列的肠道与皮肤疾病。 红曲红(着色剂)天然红色素，是微生物发酵的产物，目前并未发现对人体有可以用在调制乳、冷冻饮品、果酱、腐乳、糖果、方便米面制品、饼干、腌腊肉制品、醋、酱油、饮料、果冻、膨化食品上，不允许用在生鲜肉或调理肉制品中。速冻面 6 点食品(汤圆等)糖精钠、甜蜜素、山梨酸、苯甲酸 糖精钠(甜味剂)糖精钠是一种人工合成的甜味剂，又称可溶性糖精，是糖精的钠盐。一般认为糖精钠在体内不被分解，不被利用，大部分从尿排出而不损害肾功能。(果脯大量含有)副作用:致癌的可能性尚未完全排除。标准:糖精钠的最大使用量是0.15克/千克、婴幼儿食品中不得使用。在美国，凡是添加糖精钠做甜味剂的食品，均要求标有“糖精钠能引起动物肿瘤”的警告语。 甜蜜素(甜味剂)甜蜜素是目前我国使用最多的甜味剂，成分是环己基氨基磺酸钠，经英、法、德等国以及中国大陆和台湾卫生当局指定可使用之新合成甜味料。调配于清凉饮料，加味水及果汁汽水最适宜。罐头、酱菜、饼干、蜜饯凉果等均有使用。副作用:对肝脏及神经系统有影响，对代谢排毒能力较弱的老人、孕妇、小孩的危害则更为明显，目前我国常出现食品甜蜜素使用过量的情况，出口食口也曾因甜蜜素超标被退回。标准:国际市场大多要求检测甜蜜素产品微生物指标，而我国的国标却没有该项要求。美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)在30多年前就全面禁止使用甜蜜素，日本也禁止在食品中使用甜蜜素。 苯甲酸(防腐剂)苯甲酸和苯甲酸钠常在碳酸饮料、低盐酱菜、酱类、蜜饯、葡萄酒、果酒、软糖、酱油、食醋、果酱等食品中使用。标准:美国FDA规定，苯甲酸被列为安全类食品添加剂，但毒性较山梨酸高。抗结剂、稳定剂 核苷酸(营养强化剂)最大使用量0.58 g/kg。增强鲜味。 磷酸三钙(抗结剂)拥有抗凝、水分保持等多功能，最大使用量10g/kg。 奶粉，抗氧化剂，氢氧化钾，柠檬酸，碳酸氢钠，磷脂，抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯 磷脂(乳化剂)磷脂可以防衰老)降低胆固醇等，具有乳化和润湿性。标准:大豆磷脂制品被各国列为安全的多用途天然食品添加剂。 抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯(抗氧化剂)维生素类抗氧化剂L,抗坏血酸及其盐类是常用的水溶性抗氧化剂。标准:获国际粮农组织和世卫组织批准使用，每天摄入量为1.25g/kg体重。在美国、欧盟都获批。在中国，L—抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯也是唯一允许添加到婴儿食品中的抗氧化剂。咖啡 二氧化硅(矽)(抗结剂)能解决产品因吸潮受压形成的结块，同时具有吸附作用，是一种优良的流动促进剂。用于蛋粉、奶粉、可可粉、糖粉、植物性粉末、速溶咖啡、粉状汤料。黄原胶(汉生胶)(增稠剂)最大使用量10g/kg。鸡精、味精谷氨酸钠，食用香精，呈味核苷酸二钠 谷氨酸钠(增味剂)您可能会有这种经验——往鸡汤中加一些盐，味道会更加鲜美。这是因为鸡肉当中富含谷氨酸这种氨基酸，您又放了一些氯化钠盐进去，便在不知不觉当中就制造了谷氨酸钠，也就是味精。副作用:在消化过程中能分解出谷氨酸，后者在脑组织中经酶催化，可转变成一种抑制性神经递质。摄入过多时，对人体中各种神经功能有抑制，从而出现眩晕、头痛、嗜睡、肌肉痉挛等一系列症状。 呈味核苷酸二钠(增味剂)常与谷氨酸钠并用，其用量约为味精的2%~10%，并有“强力味精”之称。 食用植物油 抗氧化剂 食用油中通常使用化学合成抗氧化剂，我国允许使用的抗氧化剂品种有BHA、BHT、没食子酸丙酯、异山梨酸钠、维多酚等。抗氧化剂主要用于防止油脂氧化。 二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)BHT是我国主要的抗氧化剂。我国规定可用于食用油脂、油炸食品、饼干，最大使用量为0.2g/kg。 没食子酸丙酯(PG) PG对猪油的抗氧化能力较BHT强些，我国规定可用于食用油脂、油炸食品、饼干等制品中，最大使用量0.1g/kg。为了达到更好的抗氧化效果，往往几种抗氧化剂复合使用。 特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)低毒抗氧化剂，具有良好的抗细菌、霉菌的作用，可增强高油水食品的防腐保鲜效果。用于食用油脂、油炸食品、饼干、方便面等。面粉 过氧化苯甲酰和过氧化钙(增白剂)过氧化苯甲酰中含有微量砷和铅，欧盟等发达国家1997年已禁止将过氧化苯甲酰作为食品添加剂使用。过氧化苯甲酰主要是通过氧化作用，使面粉中的色素氧化分解达到增白的目的，本身还原为苯甲酸残留在面粉中。副作用:过氧化苯甲酰除了增白作用外，不能改善小麦粉的质量。标准:所有欧盟成员国规定过氧化苯甲酰和过氧化钙都不得用于任何食品中。澳大利亚和新西兰也规定过氧化苯甲酰不得用于小麦粉中，仅可作其他食品的加工助剂使用，其最终残留物不得超过40mg/kg。我国是世界上唯一批准在面粉中使用过氧化钙的国家。美国和加拿大批准氧化钙仅限于面包中使用。我国批准的使用量是500ppm，是美国的7倍，加拿大的5倍。陈醋、果醋、白醋 苯甲酸钠，山梨酸钾(见前文)可乐 7 阿斯巴甜(甜味剂)又称甜味素、天苯糖等。这种低热量甜味剂比普通糖甜约200倍，1克的阿斯巴甜约有4千卡的热量。标准:安全性高，被联合国食品添加剂委员会列为GRAS级(公认安全)，至今已有世界各地100多个国家的6000多种产品中19年的成功使用经验。我国于1986年批准在食品中应用，常用于乳制品、糖果等。副作用:联合国粮农组织和世卫联合食品添加剂专家委员会规定，阿斯巴甜每日允许的摄取量为每公斤体重40毫克，且孕妇及哺乳的母亲最好不要食用。不过，国内食品包装上一般都不标注添加量，阿斯巴甜不适合苯丙酮酸尿患者使用，美国使用商家要求在标签上标明“苯丙酮尿患者不宜使用”的警示。有医生建议，怀孕的妇女最好不要食用阿斯巴甜。 蔗糖素(甜味剂)在蔗糖加工的基础上提取而成，在很多用途上能取代蔗糖，适用于碳酸饮料到烘焙食品等十多类食品中。是目前唯一以蔗糖为原料生产的功能性甜味剂，其甜度是蔗糖的600倍。标准:FDA于1988年批准蔗糖素可以被用于15类食品，包括作为餐桌上的甜味剂以及用于饮料、口香糖、冷冻甜点、果汁和果冻等食品。1999年，FDA批准蔗糖素作为通用甜味剂用于所有食品。茶饮料 安赛蜜(甜味剂)它是一种常见人工合成的新型甜味剂，是中老年人、肥胖病人、糖尿病患者理想的甜味剂，具有对热和酸稳定性好等特点，是目前世界上第四代合成甜味剂。甜度是蔗糖的几十倍甚至上百倍，主要在焙烤食品和酸性饮料中使用。副作用:摄入过量会对代谢排毒能力差的老人和儿童构成危害，国家质检总局规定在葡萄酒生产中禁止使用这种甜味剂。标准:我国卫生部于1992年5月正式批准安赛蜜用于食品、饮料领域，但不得超标使用，其使用量为0.3克/千克。安赛蜜的安全性高，联合国FAO/WHO联合食品添加剂专家委员会同意安赛蜜用作A级食品添加剂。维生素饮料 柠檬酸钠(酸味剂)制备柠檬酸钠的原料基本来源于粮食，因而安全可靠，对人类健康不会产生危害。标准:联合国粮农与世界卫生组织认为该品属于无毒品，对其每日摄入量不作任何限制。我国也规定，柠檬酸钠可以按生产需要适量使用。运动饮料 柠檬酸(酸味剂)。柠檬酸普遍用于各种饮料、糖果、点心、乳制品等食品的制造。副作用:过量摄取，儿童可能表现出神经系统不稳定、易兴奋;大人则为肌肉痉挛等。基于柠檬酸对钙的代谢可产生的影响，经常食用罐头、饮料、果酱、酸味糖果的人们，要注意补钙。胃酸过多、龋齿和糖尿病患者不宜经常食用柠檬酸。柠檬酸不能加在纯奶里，否则会引起纯奶凝固。功能饮料 牛磺酸(营养强化剂)又称α-氨基乙磺酸，最早由牛黄中分离出来。是一种含硫的非蛋白氨基酸，在体内以游离状态存在，不参与体内蛋白的生物合成。标准:美国、日本等国规定，婴幼儿以及儿童*食品中必须添加牛磺酸。膨松剂是在以小麦粉为主的焙烤食品中添加，使之口感柔松可口、体积膨大。标准:我国准许使用的膨松剂有碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、磷酸氢钙、硫酸铝钾(钾明矾)、碳酸钾、沉淀碳酸钙、复合疏松剂等。副作用:近年来的研究表明，膨松剂中的铝对人体健康不利，因而正在研究减少硫酸铝钾和硫酸铝铵等在食品生产中的应用。 口香糖 木糖醇(甜味剂)木糖醇是一种具有营养价值的甜味物质，也是人体糖类代谢的正常中间体。健康的人，即使不吃任何含有木糖醇的食物，100毫克血液中也含有0.03-0.06毫克的木糖醇。在自然界中，木糖醇广泛存在于各种水果、蔬菜中，但含量很低。商品木糖醇是用玉米心、甘蔗渣等农业作物中，经过深加工而制得的。热量低是它的一大特点:每克2.4卡路里，比其他的碳水化合物少40%。木糖醇从60年代开始应用于食品中，成为糖尿病人欢迎的一种甜味剂。木糖醇是防龋齿的最好甜味剂。副作用:木糖醇不会被胃里的酶分解，直接进入肠道，吃多了对胃肠有一定刺激。由于木糖醇在肠道内吸收率不 易在肠壁积累，造成腹泻。 到20,，* 被膜剂(防腐剂)可防止微生物入侵，抑制水分蒸发或吸收和调节食物呼吸作用。 5、咖啡 除了能提高人的兴奋性以外，对鱼的刺激作用也很大，吃过此物的鱼会比较兴奋，缺点是不能用太多，可能会过浓，惊跑鱼，另外，鱼会上下游动，泳层不定，不好找鱼层。但是对付活动迟缓的不愿开口的鱼有奇效。 2.6 中草药诱食剂 作为诱食剂，中草药具有天然、高效、毒副作用低、不产生耐药性、资源丰富以及性能多样等优点。研究表明，中草药不但含有一定量的蛋白质、氨基酸、糖类、油脂、矿物质、维生素和植物色素等营养素，还含有大量的生物碱、挥发油、苷类、有机酸、鞣质、多糖及多种具有免疫作用的生物活性物质和一些未知的促生长活性物质，这些成分可以提高饲料的诱食性，促进机体的代谢和蛋白质及酶的合成，从而加速水产动物的生长发育，增强体质，提高饲料转化率，降低发病率和死亡率。Hidaka和Katsuhiko等认为有机酸对鲍可产生诱食作用。这与童圣英等(1998)报道山楂含有大量的有机酸，对皱纹盘鲍具有明显诱食性的试验结果相一致〔12〕;试验证明，黄柏、绣球等对平均体长为8.0 cm的泥鳅有诱食作用;饲料中含0.25%的陈皮对草鱼的诱食效率最高，草鱼的咬饵次数和啄咬力分别为对照组的7.25倍和2.1倍〔13〕。Harada等(1990)报道，多香果、香芹、小豆蔻、白胡椒、大蒜、洋葱、香味薄荷、枯草等对泥鳅和鲫鱼具有较强的诱食作用而且与质量分数呈明显的正相关关系。大蒜、洋葱因拥有含硫的挥发性低分子有机物而具有特殊气味，其强烈的蒜香对多数鱼类的嗅觉有刺激作用，能吸引其采食，垂钓时在钓饵中添加0.5%~3%的大蒜粉，鱼的上钩率可提高70%~80%。韩妍妍等(2003)研究了中草药对鲫鱼的诱食作用，结果表明，分别由黄芪等、山药等、山楂、枸杞等和陈皮等中草药组成的各种配方均具有诱食作用，而且持续时间长〔14〕。同时，由于中草药具有抗菌、抑制病毒的作用，可有效地增强水产动物的免疫力，促进营养素的消化吸收，降低饲料系数，促进生长发育，减少水质污染，提高养殖效果。 8 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 9 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 10 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 11 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 12 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision 13 of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 14 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on 15 a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a 16 total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > 17 real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years 18 implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, 19 exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should 20 be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective 21 convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts 22 of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application 23 of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation 24 made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give 25 expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 26 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post 27 processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in 28 the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in 29 the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management 30 of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, 31 around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one 32 size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are 33 relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < 34 new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform 35 comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation 36 of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 37 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily 38 blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres 39 should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection 40 with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace 41 with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of 42 the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline 43 must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be 44 held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 45