古籍何时有南极

古籍何时有南极 104.When Did The South Pole Appear in Ancient Time? The word, South Pole, was first found in the Classic of : “处南极以出入风”、“应龙处南极”，Ancient Mountains and rivers people considered the land as a square, and the four side as four poles. The “South Pole” in the Classic of Mountains and does mean the south pole of the land, but it hasn’t yet rivers been definitely point out where is it. also recorded the The classic of mountains and rivers stories of Li’er country and Guanshui country in China, etc. Guo Pu, in the Jin dynasties, went to the Li’er country living in the Zhuya Sea, where is now called Hainan Island. There was a sentence written in Zhuangzi-a happy excursion, “Peng, a big bird, flied from the Nan Sea” . Here, Nan Sea is Hainan Island today. Thus it can be seen, the inland has contacted with Hainan Island since the ancient time. It is also rumored today that the giant rock, carved with four characters of “Nan Tian Yi Zhu”, is the broken half rock of Mount Bu Zhou, which was angrily split by Water God, Gong Gong. Therefore, the South Pole mentioned in the Classic of mountains and rivers must be Hainan Island. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a romantic and touching legend related to the South Pole and it is spread till now. The story goes as follows. Once, the Dragon King of the East China Sea was suffered from weird disease that none could cure it. It is said that Sun Simiao, who lived in seclusion in Mount Taibai, has remarkable skill to make the dead come back to life. Then, the Dragon King disguised himself as scholar for treatment. At that time, Sun noticed his face assumed a sickly countenance, and he disguised him with a kind of disease caused by rage, which cannot be cured by general doctors. As the King realized the cause of his disease, he followed Sun’s advice and took the medicine. Soon after that, he got well. In return for Sun’s kindness, the King invited him to visit his palace for the banquet. Moreover, Sun was also given an ancient prescription, which was treasured by the King. Later, Sun wrote the Prescription worth a thousand in gold, which was used to cure the sickness and save the patient, on the basis of the King’ s Prescription. It’s being passed from generation to generation. Knowing this, the Old Man of the South Pole assigned his two assistants fu and lug, to pick Sun Simiao up to the fairyland and participate in the Feast of Peaches in the Jade Pool for the Queen of Heaven with other immortals. On hearing the news, the Dragon King of the East China Sea also presented a unique gift for celebration. In view of the story, someone in the Yuan Dynasty wrote a poetic drama named the Prescription from The dragon king of the eastern sea and the participation of sun simiao in the immortal celebration from the south pole. 104.古籍何时有南极 “南极”一词，最早见于《山海经》:“处南极以出入风”、“应龙处南极”，上古人以为大地方形，大地四边为四极。此《山海经》中“南极”就是大地的南极，但未确指是什么地方。《山海经》还记载有“离耳国”“灌水国”等，近代郭璞注离耳国“在朱崖海中”，即今海南岛无疑。《庄子?逍遥游》有“鹏之徒于南冥也”。南冥就是现在的海南岛。由此可知，上古时内陆于海南岛已有往来，就是今天还有传说刻有“南天一柱”的巨石就是《山海经》中的水神共工怒触不周山断落的那半截山，看来《山海经》中的南极大概非海南岛莫属了。 在中国元朝的时候，还有一个关于南极的美丽动人的传说流传至今。东海龙王得了一种怪病，谁也治不好，听说隐居太白山的孙思邈有起死回生的高明医术，便化成一个白衣秀士去求医。当时，孙思邈看见龙王面带病容，就为他诊脉，知道病因是生怒而成，一般医生无法救治。龙王听了他讲的病因，又服了他开的良药，回去不久，就治好了病。龙王为了报答他的恩德，就请孙思邈来龙宫赴宴，还把龙宫所藏的上古仙方送给他，孙思邈后来依此写成了流传后世、治病救人的《千金方》。南极仙翁得知此事后，派福、禄二位接引孙思邈升了仙界，还和众神仙一起参加了王母娘娘的瑶池蟠桃会，东海龙王闻讯后，也献了异宝去庆贺。元代有人据此还写了一部杂剧，题目就叫《老龙王东海献神方，孙真人南极登仙会》。