清朝人穿什么衣服

清朝人穿什么衣服 从服装发展历史看，清代对传统服饰变革最大，服饰形式也最繁缛复杂是中国服饰史上又一次大变革。 一、朝服饰文化背景 明末农民起义推翻了明统治阶级，满洲贵族借山海关总兵吴三桂的臂助，进入关内，建立清王朝，时公元1644年至1911年，随着清朝的建立，强盛，衰落与灭亡，直接牵动着中国服饰文化的发展和变迁。作为中国历史最后一个封建王朝，从一开始就建立在政治与民族压迫的基础上，统治者为了泯灭汉人的民族意识，强制推行满人的服饰，汉人的强制抵制，迫使清王朝采取“十从十不从”对策，这才使剃发易服的民怨得到缓和，清代服饰也得以充 分吸收汉族服饰的成就。在清王朝统治期间，政治经济发生了前所未有的急剧变化，复杂多变的国际环境也给服饰一冲击和影响。乾隆帝好大喜功，但他清楚意识到，是Therapy. (D) respiratory diseases (2 months) 1. Rotary objective diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in respiratory medicine, familiar with the imaging changes of common respiratory diseases; correct analysis of arterial blood gas analysis, sputum culture result, familiar with application of antibiotics. 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease species cases number (?) Shang respiratory infection 10 pneumonia 10 acute or chronic support bronchitis 5 chronic blocked sex lung disease 5 breathing failure 5 (2) basic skills requirements: type cases number (?) sucking phlegm operation 10 times chest puncture operation 2 cases lung x line read tablets 20 Zhang lung CT read tablets 20 Zhang breathing machine operation 5... (G) psychiatric 2 months 1. purpose rotary master mental illness history, physical examination and scale testing requirements and methods. Learn about common diseases in psychiatric clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements for studying diseases and the number of cases required: name number (?) 20 20 emotional disorder of schizophrenia 20 neurosis (VIII) medical imaging department 1 1 purpose, rotary control system, normal CT, MRI reading methods and neuroimaging manifestations of common diseases of the nervous system. 2, basic requirements for studying diseases and the number 承袭一套已涵在衣冠中的政治理论，而不是外观形式，方能传国长久，故颁布了冠服制度。 清入关后，顺治二年下剃发令，军民人等限旬日尽行剃发，并依满洲服饰，不许用汉制衣冠，以此作为归顺与否的标志。 顺治九年，废除了汉民族色彩的冠冕衣裳，从此，男子一改束发为削发垂辨，以箭衣小袖，深鞋紧袜，取代了明代宽衣大袖与统袜浅鞋，其中“马蹄袖”最具特色。另外， 清代衣物上采用纽扣做连接件，大大提高了服装的形式和结构。 锁着满汉民族融合，清代服饰仍可以看到对前代服饰基础方面的保留，如衮服，朝服的十二章纹，冠服朝褂的补子，花翎，以及官员所用的珠玉，珊瑚，宝石，金银的等差，以及命妇朝冠所缀金凤，金翟数目多少，区分等级的制度。 Therapy. (D) respiratory diseases (2 months) 1. Rotary objective diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in respiratory medicine, familiar with the imaging changes of common respiratory diseases; correct analysis of arterial blood gas analysis, sputum culture result, familiar with application of antibiotics. 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease species cases number (?) Shang respiratory infection 10 pneumonia 10 acute or chronic support bronchitis 5 chronic blocked sex lung disease 5 breathing failure 5 (2) basic skills requirements: type cases number (?) sucking phlegm operation 10 times chest puncture operation 2 cases lung x line read tablets 20 Zhang lung CT read tablets 20 Zhang breathing machine operation 5... (G) psychiatric 2 months 1. purpose rotary master mental illness history, physical examination and scale testing requirements and methods. Learn about common diseases in psychiatric clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements for studying diseases and the number of cases required: name number (?) 20 20 emotional disorder of schizophrenia 20 neurosis (VIII) medical imaging department 1 1 purpose, rotary control system, normal CT, MRI reading methods and neuroimaging manifestations of common diseases of the nervous system. 2, basic requirements for studying diseases and the number 清后期，在“中学为体，西学为重”的新思想影响下，先后几次选派学生出国留学。留学生剪掉了辫发，开始了西装。此后，清政府开办学堂，操练新军，采用西式的操衣和军服，学生和军队的服饰也有了改变。 清代皇帝朝服，龙袍，皇后凤袍，出现了hui衣。清代八旗兵着甲胄，武士穿盔甲，琵琶褂，马褂。晚清有云肩和刺绣衬衣，太平天国的宽袖服，忠王着龙袍。此外，最大特色当属旗装了。 满族旗装(图二)外轮廓呈长方形，马鞍形领掩颊护面，衣服上下不取腰身，衫不外露，偏襟右衽以盘纽为饰，假袖二至三幅，马蹄袖盖手。 肩坎，马褂增加，形象肃穆庄重，清高不凡，在中国服饰史上特别突出。 二、清代男子服饰 官定冠服:上至皇帝，下至文武官员等，均按品级服用。冠有朝冠，常服冠，行冠，雨冠，分暖帽和凉帽。 Therapy. (D) respiratory diseases (2 months) 1. Rotary objective diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in respiratory medicine, familiar with the imaging changes of common respiratory diseases; correct analysis of arterial blood gas analysis, sputum culture result, familiar with application of antibiotics. 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease species cases number (?) Shang respiratory infection 10 pneumonia 10 acute or chronic support bronchitis 5 chronic blocked sex lung disease 5 breathing failure 5 (2) basic skills requirements: type cases number (?) sucking phlegm operation 10 times chest puncture operation 2 cases lung x line read tablets 20 Zhang lung CT read tablets 20 Zhang breathing machine operation 5... (G) psychiatric 2 months 1. purpose rotary master mental illness history, physical examination and scale testing requirements and methods. Learn about common diseases in psychiatric clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements for studying diseases and the number of cases required: name number (?) 20 20 emotional disorder of schizophrenia 20 neurosis (VIII) medical imaging department 1 1 purpose, rotary control system, normal CT, MRI reading methods and neuroimaging manifestations of common diseases of the nervous system. 2, basic requirements for studying diseases and the number 服饰:衮服，朝服，龙袍，常服袍，行袍，端罩，蟒服，行褂，马褂，雨衣雨裳等。其中，衮服，为祭祀先王，圜丘等。 大礼时服用;朝服用于殿庭朝令，重大军礼，外藩朝观等;龙袍，(图三)明黄色，绣九条龙，正面看五条，有一条藏于衣襟内，乃“九五至尊”之意，上有十二章纹，五色云纹饰，龙袍下幅，斜向排列许多弯曲线条的水脚，上有波涛翻滚的水浪，水浪之上有山石宝物等，寓“一统山河’,绵延不断，万事生平等吉祥之意。 礼服袖做成马蹄形，俗称“马蹄袖”如帝后朝袍上的马蹄袖、披肩领和皇后两肩所饰被成为“缘”的半月形装饰。 分别象征着马蹄、弓和马鞍的形象，将满族骑射征战“马上得天下”的辉煌历史充分表现了出来。尤其是满族传统服装的箭袖，作为满族的行礼动作得以保留。箭袖又称马蹄袖，平时挽起成马蹄形，一遇到行礼之时，敏捷地将“袖Therapy. (D) respiratory diseases (2 months) 1. Rotary objective diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in respiratory medicine, familiar with the imaging changes of common respiratory diseases; correct analysis of arterial blood gas analysis, sputum culture result, familiar with application of antibiotics. 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease species cases number (?) Shang respiratory infection 10 pneumonia 10 acute or chronic support bronchitis 5 chronic blocked sex lung disease 5 breathing failure 5 (2) basic skills requirements: type cases number (?) sucking phlegm operation 10 times chest puncture operation 2 cases lung x line read tablets 20 Zhang lung CT read tablets 20 Zhang breathing machine operation 5... (G) psychiatric 2 months 1. purpose rotary master mental illness history, physical examination and scale testing requirements and methods. Learn about common diseases in psychiatric clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements for studying diseases and the number of cases required: name number (?) 20 20 emotional disorder of schizophrenia 20 neurosis (VIII) medical imaging department 1 1 purpose, rotary control system, normal CT, MRI reading methods and neuroimaging manifestations of common diseases of the nervous system. 2, basic requirements for studying diseases and the number 头”翻下来，然后或行半礼或行全礼。后来，男子及八旗妇女皆用。 补服:沿袭了明朝特点，依职位不同而图案不同，对襟，胸，背各一快补子(图五一品文官) 文官、仙鶴、锦雉、孔雀、雲雁、白鷴、鷺鷥、鸂鶒、鵪鶉、練雀;武官:麒麟、獅子 、豹、虎、熊、彪、犀、犀、 海馬。 黄马褂:较为荣宠的官府。 一般男服有袍，换，衫，裤等，马褂，罩在袍衫之外，长仅及腰，马褂有对襟，大褂，琵琶褂等式样，马甲或叫qin肩，长衫，袍褂是清代男子的主要礼服，官吏人士开两衩，不开衩的称“一裹园”，为市民百姓服装。 军戎服:清代早期的武士服装，武将所穿锁甲，有明甲，暗甲，绵甲，铁甲，形式上衣下裳，有护肩，护腋及护心镜(图六)。一般士兵穿短衣窄袖的紧身袄库，加镶边背Therapy. (D) respiratory diseases (2 months) 1. Rotary objective diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in respiratory medicine, familiar with the imaging changes of common respiratory diseases; correct analysis of arterial blood gas analysis, sputum culture result, familiar with application of antibiotics. 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease species cases number (?) Shang respiratory infection 10 pneumonia 10 acute or chronic support bronchitis 5 chronic blocked sex lung disease 5 breathing failure 5 (2) basic skills requirements: type cases number (?) sucking phlegm operation 10 times chest puncture operation 2 cases lung x line read tablets 20 Zhang lung CT read tablets 20 Zhang breathing machine operation 5... (G) psychiatric 2 months 1. purpose rotary master mental illness history, physical examination and scale testing requirements and methods. Learn about common diseases in psychiatric clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements for studying diseases and the number of cases required: name number (?) 20 20 emotional disorder of schizophrenia 20 neurosis (VIII) medical imaging department 1 1 purpose, rotary control system, normal CT, MRI reading methods and neuroimaging manifestations of common diseases of the nervous system. 2, basic requirements for studying diseases and the number 心。背心，胸，背各有一圆圈，内书兵，勇，标明所属字样。水兵短衣窄袖，襟前也有标明某船的字样。 三、清朝女子服饰 清代妇女服饰中，最高等级是命妇，服饰与男服大体类似，《参考男龙袍》只是冠饰略有不同。服饰有朝褂、朝袍、朝裙、龙褂、龙袍、吉服褂、命妇蟒袍、彩帨、朝珠等。皇后朝挂，(图七)制 有三式，俱用石青片金缘为饰。绣纹皆用龙，或正龙，或飞龙，下摆或用行龙，或用八宝平水及万福万寿等纹样。朝袍亦有三式，都用明黄色锦缎制作，上织龙纹。其它命妇与皇后的形制大体相似，只是颜色有明黄、金黄、香色、蓝色及石青色的区别。 满族女服清代妇女服饰有满、汉两种。满族妇女一般穿长袍，或外罩坎肩;汉族妇女仍以上衣下裙为主，清中期以后也相互仿效。满族妇女的长袍，袖口平大，长可掩足。贵族妇女用团龙、团蟒，一般则用丝绣花纹。袖端、衣襟、Therapy. (D) respiratory diseases (2 months) 1. Rotary objective diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in respiratory medicine, familiar with the imaging changes of common respiratory diseases; correct analysis of arterial blood gas analysis, sputum culture result, familiar with application of antibiotics. 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease species cases number (?) Shang respiratory infection 10 pneumonia 10 acute or chronic support bronchitis 5 chronic blocked sex lung disease 5 breathing failure 5 (2) basic skills requirements: type cases number (?) sucking phlegm operation 10 times chest puncture operation 2 cases lung x line read tablets 20 Zhang lung CT read tablets 20 Zhang breathing machine operation 5... (G) psychiatric 2 months 1. purpose rotary master mental illness history, physical examination and scale testing requirements and methods. Learn about common diseases in psychiatric clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements for studying diseases and the number of cases required: name number (?) 20 20 emotional disorder of schizophrenia 20 neurosis (VIII) medical imaging department 1 1 purpose, rotary control system, normal CT, MRI reading methods and neuroimaging manifestations of common diseases of the nervous system. 2, basic requirements for studying diseases and the number 衣裾等镶有各色花边。衣领较低，后渐加高。长袍初极宽大，后腰身渐小。外面往往加罩短的或长及腰间的坎肩，有对襟、一字襟、琵琶襟等各式。这种长后演变为汉族妇女的主要服装—旗袍 汉族女服汉族妇女服装较男服变化为少，一般穿披风、袄、裙。披风是外套，形制为对襟，大袖，下长及膝。披风装有低领，点缀着各式珠宝。里面为上袄下裙。裙子初期还保存明代的遗俗，有凤尾裙、月华裙等式样。清后期，又流行不束裙而着长裤，裤多为绸缎制作，上面绣有花纹。另外还有背心，长可及膝下，多镶滚边。冬季所穿皮衣，有的将里面的毳毛露出在外，叫「出锋」。清代中期以后，妇女冬季流行披斗篷，还有采自西式的大衣，也有沿用明代云肩的。 清代云肩 衬衣:清代女式衬衣为圆领、右衽、捻襟、直身、平袖、无开气、五个纽扣的长衣，袖子形式有舒袖、半宽袖两类，袖口内再另加饰袖头，是妇女的一般日常便服. Therapy. (D) respiratory diseases (2 months) 1. Rotary objective diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in respiratory medicine, familiar with the imaging changes of common respiratory diseases; correct analysis of arterial blood gas analysis, sputum culture result, familiar with application of antibiotics. 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease species cases number (?) Shang respiratory infection 10 pneumonia 10 acute or chronic support bronchitis 5 chronic blocked sex lung disease 5 breathing failure 5 (2) basic skills requirements: type cases number (?) sucking phlegm operation 10 times chest puncture operation 2 cases lung x line read tablets 20 Zhang lung CT read tablets 20 Zhang breathing machine operation 5... (G) psychiatric 2 months 1. purpose rotary master mental illness history, physical examination and scale testing requirements and methods. Learn about common diseases in psychiatric clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements for studying diseases and the number of cases required: name number (?) 20 20 emotional disorder of schizophrenia 20 neurosis (VIII) medical imaging department 1 1 purpose, rotary control system, normal CT, MRI reading methods and neuroimaging manifestations of common diseases of the nervous system. 2, basic requirements for studying diseases and the number 氅衣:与衬衫款式大同小异.不同的是衬衣无开气，氅衣则左右开气高至腋下，开气的顶端必饰云头;且氅衣的纹饰也更加华丽，江南地区，俗以多镶为美. 四、清代服饰配饰 发饰:旗髻，系指两把头、大拉翅等满族头髻。平髻就是将头发自头顶中分为两绺，于头顶左右梳二平髻，二平髻之间横插一大扁方，在扁方下面绕住发根以固定之.有两把头、一字头、如意头种种称呼.道光以后，妇女以双架插发髻，挽发如双角形，曰架子头.咸丰以后，旗髻逐渐增高，两边角也逐渐扩大，上面套戴一顶形似"扇形"的冠，是为"旗头"或"宫装"，俗谓"大拉翅"。 饰品:清代饰品种类多且相当精美。朝服的披领、颈间的硬领和领衣、朝珠，腰间的束带等。披领是文武官员及命妇穿大礼服时加在颈间披于肩上的，形如菱，上绣蟒。清代礼服没有领，另在袍上加硬领。领衣是连结于硬领之下的，前后二长 朝珠 Therapy. (D) respiratory diseases (2 months) 1. Rotary objective diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in respiratory medicine, familiar with the imaging changes of common respiratory diseases; correct analysis of arterial blood gas analysis, sputum culture result, familiar with application of antibiotics. 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease species cases number (?) Shang respiratory infection 10 pneumonia 10 acute or chronic support bronchitis 5 chronic blocked sex lung disease 5 breathing failure 5 (2) basic skills requirements: type cases number (?) sucking phlegm operation 10 times chest puncture operation 2 cases lung x line read tablets 20 Zhang lung CT read tablets 20 Zhang breathing machine operation 5... (G) psychiatric 2 months 1. purpose rotary master mental illness history, physical examination and scale testing requirements and methods. Learn about common diseases in psychiatric clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements for studying diseases and the number of cases required: name number (?) 20 20 emotional disorder of schizophrenia 20 neurosis (VIII) medical imaging department 1 1 purpose, rotary control system, normal CT, MRI reading methods and neuroimaging manifestations of common diseases of the nervous system. 2, basic requirements for studying diseases and the number 片。朝珠是清代官员悬于胸前的饰物之一，形同念珠，由108颗珠串成，随官品而用不同质料。束带，亲王以下宗室成员都束金黄带，觉罗束红带。 一般饰品:有花冠般的钿子，寒冷季节戴的遮眉勒，也有模仿汉族妇女的步摇钗。耳饰满族妇女传统习俗是一耳戴三件耳饰，遗留下来的耳饰有两大类:耳环及耳坠。(图十)戒指非常华美，手镯、衣物、饰品工艺技术高超。 指甲套，也是满族妇女特有的饰品之一，多在指甲套上镶上各种珠宝或以金银制成。佩饰，除了传统的玉佩、香囊、荷包外，受到西方外来文化影响也开始挂起怀表，出现了烟袋、火鎌袋、眼镜袋等饰品。服饰上往往配有华美的钮扣，这些钮扣不但可以固定衣物，还兼具装饰的作用。 鞋:清代人着便服时穿鞋，着公服时穿靴。靴多用黑缎制成，初尚方头，后流行尖头。着朝服仍用方头靴。另有牙缝靴，多为高级官员穿用。武弁、公差穿一种名「爬山虎」的快靴。鞋的式样有云头、扁头、镶嵌、双梁、单梁等Therapy. (D) respiratory diseases (2 months) 1. Rotary objective diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in respiratory medicine, familiar with the imaging changes of common respiratory diseases; correct analysis of arterial blood gas analysis, sputum culture result, familiar with application of antibiotics. 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease species cases number (?) Shang respiratory infection 10 pneumonia 10 acute or chronic support bronchitis 5 chronic blocked sex lung disease 5 breathing failure 5 (2) basic skills requirements: type cases number (?) sucking phlegm operation 10 times chest puncture operation 2 cases lung x line read tablets 20 Zhang lung CT read tablets 20 Zhang breathing machine operation 5... (G) psychiatric 2 months 1. purpose rotary master mental illness history, physical examination and scale testing requirements and methods. Learn about common diseases in psychiatric clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements for studying diseases and the number of cases required: name number (?) 20 20 emotional disorder of schizophrenia 20 neurosis (VIII) medical imaging department 1 1 purpose, rotary control system, normal CT, MRI reading methods and neuroimaging manifestations of common diseases of the nervous system. 2, basic requirements for studying diseases and the number 多种。满族妇女的鞋极有特色。鞋底极高，一般为一寸多，高者达二寸，也有更高些的，上宽 图十二 下圆，似一花盆，故名「花盆底」。鞋以木为底，中部凿成马蹄形，故又称「马蹄底」。 五、清朝服饰总结 清代在中国服装史上是一个较为特殊的历史时期，它以满族的服饰装束为主，具有典型的北方游牧民族特色。历时数千年的宽袍大袖，拖裙盛冠，潇洒生动，纤弱柔美的的汉族传统遭到破坏和变革。而与之形成鲜明对比的衣袖短窄，素朴肃穆的满族旗装取得了统治地位。旗装以用料节省、制作简便、穿着便利为其特点。 清代服装尽管在外观形式上拼弃了许多传统的基本形制，但它内在的东西却没有改变，其精神实质与整个中华民族服装文化是一脉相承的。它既体现了本民族的习俗特征又保留了数千年遗留下来的等级制内容，然而其条文的庞杂、章规的繁缛，却超过了历代。 Therapy. (D) respiratory diseases (2 months) 1. Rotary objective diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in respiratory medicine, familiar with the imaging changes of common respiratory diseases; correct analysis of arterial blood gas analysis, sputum culture result, familiar with application of antibiotics. 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease species cases number (?) Shang respiratory infection 10 pneumonia 10 acute or chronic support bronchitis 5 chronic blocked sex lung disease 5 breathing failure 5 (2) basic skills requirements: type cases number (?) sucking phlegm operation 10 times chest puncture operation 2 cases lung x line read tablets 20 Zhang lung CT read tablets 20 Zhang breathing machine operation 5... (G) psychiatric 2 months 1. purpose rotary master mental illness history, physical examination and scale testing requirements and methods. Learn about common diseases in psychiatric clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements for studying diseases and the number of cases required: name number (?) 20 20 emotional disorder of schizophrenia 20 neurosis (VIII) medical imaging department 1 1 purpose, rotary control system, normal CT, MRI reading methods and neuroimaging manifestations of common diseases of the nervous system. 2, basic requirements for studying diseases and the number 清代服装是中国古代服装发展的最后一个阶段，其 进程随着封建末代王朝的覆灭而告终止。中国古代服装虽然 结束了它的历程，然而它所显示的意义却远远超出了其本 身. Therapy. (D) respiratory diseases (2 months) 1. Rotary objective diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in respiratory medicine, familiar with the imaging changes of common respiratory diseases; correct analysis of arterial blood gas analysis, sputum culture result, familiar with application of antibiotics. 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease species cases number (?) Shang respiratory infection 10 pneumonia 10 acute or chronic support bronchitis 5 chronic blocked sex lung disease 5 breathing failure 5 (2) basic skills requirements: type cases number (?) sucking phlegm operation 10 times chest puncture operation 2 cases lung x line read tablets 20 Zhang lung CT read tablets 20 Zhang breathing machine operation 5... (G) psychiatric 2 months 1. purpose rotary master mental illness history, physical examination and scale testing requirements and methods. Learn about common diseases in psychiatric clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements for studying diseases and the number of cases required: name number (?) 20 20 emotional disorder of schizophrenia 20 neurosis (VIII) medical imaging department 1 1 purpose, rotary control system, normal CT, MRI reading methods and neuroimaging manifestations of common diseases of the nervous system. 2, basic requirements for studying diseases and the number