物理学的现状和未来_英文_

物理学的现状和未来_英文_ 第 17 卷 第 1 期 原 子 核 物 理 评 论 117, 11 V o lN o . , 20002000 年 3 月N uc lea r P h y sic s R ev iew M a r () A r t ic le ID : 1007- 4627 20000120043208 3 Phy s ic s Toda y an d Its Fu ture 2A I X iao b a i (), , 730000, C en te r of T h eore t ica l N u c lea r P hy s icsN a t iona l L abora tory ofH eavy I on A cce le ra torL anz h ou C h ina ( ), , 201800, I ns t itu te of N u c lea r R esea rch th e C h inese A cad em y of S c iencesS h ang h a i C h ina ): 1 A bstra c tL ist in g m o re th an o n e h u n d red u n an sw e red qu e st io n s th e p re sen t au tho r c la im s th a t ) ; 2th e lo n g stan d in g p u zzle s in p h y sic s m ay b e th e sign a ls o f n ew p h y sic sth e effo r t o f sea rch in g .fo r th e b a sic n a tu ra l law s o f p h y sic s is a lw ay s h igh ly w o r thw h ile Key word s: p h y sic s; sp ec ia l re la t ive ity; qu an tum m ech am ic s : 4- 1: CL Cn um berO D ocum ber CodeA )1 It is m ean in gfu l to rev iew p h y sic s to day an d p e r io d s o ccu r red a t lea st tw ice in th is cen tu ry. loo k in to it ’s fu tu re w h ile ce leb ra t in g th e 80 th A ro u n d th e tu rn in g po in t o f th e n in e teen th an d , . . . 512tw en t ie th cen tu ryit w a s b e lieved th a t th e g rea t b ir th day o f P ro fLM Y an g w ho se yea r s h a ll o f c la ssica l p h y sic s h ad b een w e ll e stab lish ed su cce ssive ac t iv it ie s fu ll o f ach ievem en t s ( ) en com p a ssed so m an y d iffe ren t f ie ld s in p h y sic s. I b y som e g rea t p h y sic ist s: N ew to n 1642, 1727, ( ) ( ) , 1879, 1822, 1888 , 1831w r ite th is p ap e r ju st a s a lit t le to k en o f m y b e st M axw e ll C lau siu s ( ) ( ). w ish e s fo r th a t in th e yea r s to com e P ro fY an g 1844, 1906 , 1839, 1903 Bo ltzm an n G ib b s w ill b e a s h e lp fu l to p h y sic s an d o u r p h y sic s . , e tcan d th a t a ll p rop e r t ie s o f m a t te r s co u ld b e .comm u n ity a s in th e p a st u n de r stoo d in te rm s o f c la ssica l p h y sic s ex cep t fo r , . . W ith th e b ad n ew s o f th e ab an do nm en t o f th e tw o da rk c lo u d s in th e sk y o f p h y sic sieth e , Sup e rco n du c t in g Sup e r Co llide rth e sh u tdow n o f fam o u s M ich e lso n 2M o r ley exp e r im en t an d b lack ( som e o th e r la rge m o de rn exp e r im en ta l equ ipm en t , 1824,bo dy rad ia t io n a s w a s o n ce sa id b y K e lv in , , an d fac ilit ie sth e slum p o f th e g lo b a l eco nom y)1907. In fac t, it is fa r f rom t ru e. N o t o n ly a ll th e sla sh o f th e b u dge t fo r suppo r t in g th e b a sic a t tem p t s to f in d a rea so n ab le exp lan a t io n fo r , re sea rch o f p h y sic s in som e co u n t r ie sa sho r tage 2M ich e lso n M o r leyexp e r im en t a s w e ll a s a , o f p h y sic s jo b a lo t o f ta len ted g radu a te stu den t s 2 sa t isfac to ry w aveth eo ry fo r b lack bo dy rad ia t io n , defec ted to go in to com p u te r sc ien ceb ra in sc ien ce , m e t w ith fa ilu reb u t a lso p eop le fa iled to o r comm e rc ia l c irc le s e tc. , “h a s p h y sic s com e to an , u n de r stan d e lec t ro n sp ro to n s an d w h a t w e re go in g βsu b jec t o f ” h a s even b ecom e a cu r ren t 2en d? o n in R on tgen ray s a s w e ll a s o th e r fo rm s o f co n ve r sa t io n . in in te rn a t io n a l p h y sic s rad ia t io n em an a t in g f rom a tom sT h e se p ro b lem s 1 , 3 .comm u n ity w e re o ve rcom e b y th e d isco ve r ie s o f sp ec ia l T a lk o f an re la t iv ity an d qu an tum w h ich a re im p en d in g c r isis is no t n ew. T h e th eo ry, h isto ry reco rded m an y su ch ex am p le s b u t w e re u n do u b ted ly th e g rea te st ach ievem en t s in p h y sic s ) . . 21920 , even tu a lly o ve rcom eT h e m o st d ram a t ic c r isis o f th is cen tu ryIn th e la te ssho r t ly af te r Rece ived da te: 20 D ec. 1999 ( ) 3 : 9724009Foun da t ion itemSh angh a i N a tu ra l Sc ience Fo unda t io n A Sh angh a i A u tom o b ile Gea r W o rk s ( ) ( ) : 221943- , , , .B iographyA i X iao ba i M a le th e M o nga lian sre sea rch e rre la t iv ity nuc lea r p h y sic s and m u lt ip lebo dy e tc th e d isco ve ry o f D irac’s equ a t io n , M ax Bo rn to ld a sta r ted? β g ro up o f sc ien t ist s v isit in g Got t in gen11. W h a t is th e p h y sica l rea so n abo u t th a t, “,a s w e k now it, geom agn e t ic reve r sa ls? w ill b e o ve r p h y sic sin six 1 12. ”. , W h a t is th e cau se o f th e A n ta rc t ic o zo n e m o n th sH ow eve rth e d isco ve r ie s o f n eu t ro n ?ho le ’an d n u c lea r fo rce s d isappo in ted Bo rn s op t im ist ic .13. W h a t is th e m ech an ism fo r fo rm in g a in fe ren ce tu rb u len ce? 2W e a re now n ea r th e en d o f th e tw en t ie th 14. H ow do e s th e ea r th qu ak e ligh t fo rm cen tu ry. In th e p a st o n e h u n d red yea r s p h y sic s ,b efo re ea r th qu ak e s? n eve r cam e to an en d it h a s m ade a lo t o f p ro g re ss 15. W h y is it th a t ligh tn in g a re u su a lly zigzag an d h a s b ro u gh t a m ic ro scop ic c iv iliza t io n to u s. . 2? N ow th e p h y sic s is in a deep t ro u b leT h e p re sen t sh ap ed b u t ra re ly sp h e relik e 16. c r isis is ve ry d iffe ren t f rom tho se in th e deve lop in g W h a t do th e p h enom en a o f too m an y Λ )m e so n s in E x ten sive A ir Show e r s im p ly? h isto ry o f p h y sic s in fo llow in g a sp ec t s: 1 th e 17. 2 W h y can th e io no sp h e re k eep lo n gt im efu n dam en ta l re sea rch in p h y sic s is lo sin g th e m em o ry fo r som e p ro ce sse s? suppo r t o f p u b lic so c ie ty sin ce th e en d o f th e Co ld )2 18. som e n ew exp e r im en ta l p h enom en a a s W h e re d id th e ea r th com e f rom ? W a r e ra; ?19. W h a t is th e o r ig in s o f life o n ea r th 2 w e ll a s som e lo n g stan d in g p u zzle s co u ld no t b e . 20. an sw e red b y th e e stab lish ed idea sA cco rd in g to H ow do e s ir reve r sib le th e rm o dyn am ic s p lay a ro le in th e m e tabo lism o f life? m y p re lim in a ry co n side ra t io n m o re th an o n e 21. 2W h a t is th e o r ig in o f th e ir reve r sib ility h u n d red u n an sw e red qu e st io n s an d lo n gstan d in g , en sh r in ed w ith in th e seco n d law o f p u zzle s in p h y sic s a re listed b e low som e o f th em 9 ?4 , 8 :th e rm o dyn am ic s m ay b e fo u n d in R ef 1. 22. A re th e re m o re th an fo u r fu n dam en ta l W h a t p h y sica l m ean in g do e s en t rop y h ave in te rac t io n s in n a tu re? fo r op en sy stem ? 2. W h y do th e fu n dam en ta l p h y sica l co n stan t s 23. H ow o u r w o r ld evo lved f rom o rde red ?h ave th e ir p re sen t va lu e ? c ry sta l ? in comm en su ra te p h a se ? ch ao s ?3. ap e r io d ic b io lo g ica l sy stem D o th e co n stan t s o f n a tu re ch an ge ve ry 24. slow ly o n a co sm ic sca le? C an o n e u n de r stan d th e st ru c tu re o f ?a tom ic a r ran gem en t in am o rp ho u s m e ta l 4. W h y w o u ld a ll k now n dyn am ic law s b e 25. ?C an o n e u n de r stan d th e fo rm a t io n o f t im e reve r sib le 5. 2 W h y do e s t im e h ave an a r row an d n eve r go Scho t tk y b a r r ie r o n th e su rface sta te s o f m e ta l 10 ?sem ico n du c to r co n tac t s b ackw a rd? 26. 26. D o e s t im e rea lly h ave a b eg in n in g an d an W h y do e s th e low d im en sio n a l sy stem ’en d? po sse ss a se r ie s o f p h y sica l p h enom en a w h ich can t 11 , 12 2?7. ’t th e co sm o lo g ica l epo ch an u n ifo rm o ccu r in th reed im en sio n a l sy stem Isn 27. C an th e p ro b lem o f no n lin ea r e lem en ta ry f low o f t im e? 2ex ita t io n s in low d im en sio n a l co n den sed m a t te r b e 8. W h y do e s ho t w a te r f reeze fa ste r th an co ld 11 , 12 ?so lved 8 ?w a te r 9. 228. A re th e re c ry sta ls w ith an app a ren t seven C an o n e revea l th e sec re t o f la t t ice ?fo ld ax is in n a tu re re lax a t io n effec t? 29. 10. C an w e f in d a u n if ied p ic tu re to W h en an d how is th e geom agn e t ic f ie ld 第 1 期 2: A I X iao ba iP h y sic s T o day and It s F u tu re?45? com p reh en sive u n de r stan d in g o f n em a t ic liqu id p a rado x opp en h e im e r p a rado x , an d o th e r recen t ly 7, 25 ?ra ised p ro b lem sb e so lved c ry sta llin e sta te an d it s t ran sit io n in to iso t rop ic 1347. ? W h a t is th e e ssen ce o f th e rm a l n eu t ro n p h a se rad ia t io n cap tu re qu e ry? 30. W h a t is th e m a in m ech an ism o f th e b eam 14 48. C an th e n u c lea r m agn e t ic m om en t s b e ?fo il in te rac t io n ?31. accu ra te ly eva lu a ted W h a t is th e p h y sica l o r ig in o f Co r io lis 15 ?49. a t ten u a t io n A re th e re n u c lea r reac t io n s in side liv in g 16 o rgan ism ? 32. ?D o e s th e anom a lo n rea lly ex ist ( 50. A 33. C an w e so lve th e qu e st io n o f g bo u n dW h a t is th e m ic ro scop ic m ech an ism o f ) ( )= 1. 25 ? A 2 n u c leo n g f ree n u c leo n in Gam ow h igh tem p e ra tu re sup e rco n du c t in g? 17, 18?34. T e lle r g ian t re so n an ce M ay o n e ge t su cce ss to u se an yo n to 51. C an th e b in d in g en e rgy an d th e en e rgy exp la in th e m ech an ism o f h igh T c sup e rco n du c t in g? 235. leve ls o f f in ite n u c leu s b e accu ra te ly f igu red o u t? C an th e room tem p e ra tu re 52. sup e rco n du c to r s b e rea lized? C an EM C effec t b e so lved com p le te ly? 253. 36. C an qu an tum m ech an icl a de sc r ip t io no f W h a t is th e dyn am ic o r ig in o f th e p ro to n sp in if lit t le o f it is ca r r ied b y th e qu a rk s? p h y sica l rea lity b e co n side red com p le te? 19 54. 37. ’? C an o n e f in d th e exp lan a t io n o f e lec t ro n C an w e p ro ve th e B e r rys co n jec tu re an d po sit ro n sh a rp p eak s o b se rved in la rge Z 38. W h a t is th e re la t io n b e tw een geom e t r ic 2?p h a se o f qu an tum sy stem in evo lu t io n an d h eavyio n co llisio n sgu age 20, 21 55. ?C an o n e f in d th e exp e r im en ta l ev iden ce o f f ie ld a s w e ll a s b a sic in te rac t io n s 26 39. 2? Is Sch ro d in ge r’s ca t a live o r dead? th e so ca lled y ra st t r ip fo r ro ta t io n n u c leu s 56. 40. a W h a t is th e ro le o f sup e rf lu id effec t s in C an w e m ea su re th e w ave fu n c t io n o f 22th e tu n n e llin g b e tw een th e supp e rdefo rm ed sta te s ? sin g le w ave p ack e t o f ligh t 2o f th e n u c leu s in h igh sp in an d th e no rm a l sta te s o f 41. D o e s qu an tum m ech an ic s co n t rad ic t 27? th e n u c leu s a t low e r an gu la r m om en tum re la t iv ity acco rd in g to B e ll’s th eo rem ? 42. 57. W h a t a re th e co llec t ive an d sta t ist ica l W h a t is th e ex ac t p h y sica l m ean in g o f qu an tum ch ao s? m ech an ism in vo lved in t rapp in g o f th e n u c lea r 43. sy stem s in M ay th e com p le ten e ss c r ite r io n o f th e sup e rdefo rm ed reg io n s o f p h a se 23?sp ace 22 b e a po ssib le g row in g E in ste in Po do lsk yR o sen ?58. po in t o f tach yo n th eo ry W h y do th e 2 h yp e rn u c lea r sta te s ex ist 44. w ith n a r row w id th s? C an tach yo n th eo ry b e e stab lish ed o n th e 759. 2? W h a t is th e p ro to n n um b e r o f th e la st fo u n da t io n o f sp ec ia l re la t iv ity ?45. sup e rh eavy e lem en t in p e r io d ic tab le W ill th e tem p e ra tu re o f a m o v in g2bo dy ?60. ch an ge Is th e m u lt ip ho no n t ran sit io n th e m a in 2? 46. C an th e p a rado x e s in sp ec ia l re la t iv ity p ro ce ss in th e no n rad iac t ive t ran sit io n s 24, 2 61. E h ren fe st p a rado x H ow do th e u lt ra sho r t la se r ligh t p u lse s su ch a s th e th e po le ?fo rm vau lte r’s p a rado x , th e app a ren t sh ap e p a rado x o f , rap id ly m o v in g o b jec t sst re ss effec t p a rado x du e 62. C an va r io u s no n lin ea r in ten se ligh t effec t s , to len g th co n t rac t io n upp e r lim it p a rado x o n th e b e exp la in ed b y no n lin ea r e lec t r ic po la r iza t io n , 2 ?p rop e r len g th , th e th read p a rado x th e r igh teffec t 63. D o e s co ld fu sio n h ave a fu tu re? an g led leve r sup e r lum in a l ve lo c ity p a rado x , 85. ? th e co n t ro lled th e rm o n u c lea r fu sio n 64. C an D o e s th e p ro ce ss o f d m e so n p io n ex ist ??b e rea lized in n a tu re 65. 86. C an in e r t ia l co n f in em en t fu sio n b e C an ΘΠ in C 7 p h y sic s b e th e p u zzle o f 30?rea lized so lved ? ( )66. 2 ( ) D o e s 87. th e qu a rk g luo np la sm a Q GP ? D o e s qu a rk lep to n h ave a st ru c tu re ?88. ? rea lly ex ist D o e s th e e lec t ro n h ave a st ru c tu re ?67. 89. 2D o e s th e p ho to n h ave a st ru c tu re ? D o e s g lu eb a ll ex ist 68. W h en can w e revea l th e so la r n eu t r ino 90. H ow m an y m o re e lem en ta ry o b jec t s a re ?p u zzle th e re b eyo n d qu a rk s an d lep to n s? 69. 2 91. Is th e re st m a ss o f th e n eu t r ino b e in g no n A re th e re an y f in a l e lem en ta ry van ish in g? co n st itu en t s in n a tu re? 70. 92. A re th e re n eu t r ino o sc illa t io n s in n a tu re? Is th e b a ryo n n um b e r rea lly no t 71. ?W h en can w e f in d th e n eu t r ino le ss do u b le co n se rved 93. ??W h a t is th e life t im e o f a p ro to n Β decay 94. 72. Co n side r in g w ho le en e rgy ran ge, w h e th e r Is th e lep to n n um b e r co n se rva t io n ?p e r tu rb a t ive Q CD w ill rea lly su rv ive a s an v io la ted 95. accep tab le can d ida te fo r th e fu n dam en ta l th eo ry o f W h a t a re th e pow e r en g in e s b eh in d ?st ro n g in te rac t io n ?qu a sa r s 73. C an w e dem o n st ra te th a t co n f in em en t is a 96. D o e s n ew e th e r ex ist? 7 ? co n sequ en ce o f Q CD 97. ’?s p a rado x b e so lved C an th e O lb e r 74. 2C an w e f in d va r io u s ca se s o f C P v io la t io n 98. W h a t is th e o r ig in o f th e seed o f co sm ic 0 7?b eyo n d K w eak decay s ? m agn e t ic f ie ld 2875. ? 2 99. H ow b ig is th e co sm o lo g ica l co n stan t? W h a t is th e o r ig in o f C P v io la t io n 76. A re th e re rea list ic sen a r io s w ith la rge C P 100. C an g rav ity b e de sc r ib ed b y a qu an t ized effec t s to c rea te th e o b se rved ?b a ryo n th eo ry 28? 101. C an g rav ity an d o th e r th ree in te rac t io n s a symm e t ry 77. A re th e C P a symm e t r ie s o b se rved a t th e b e u n if ied? 2labo ra to ry co n n ec ted to th e co sm o lo g ica l C P 102. W h e re is th e g rav ito n ? 28103. ?C an th e g rav ity b e sh ie lded ? v io la t io n a t th e ea r ly u n ive r se 104. ?W h en can w e iden t ify th e b lack ho le s 78. C an f ree qu a rk s b e d isco ve red in fu tu re ’?105. W h a t is th e p h y sica l m ean in g o f D iracsexp e r im en t s 7, 3179. ? W h en can th e m y th o f e2Λ2Σ b e so lved? la rge n um b e r h ypo th e sis 28? 106. W h a t is th e o r ig in o f H igg s m ech an ism 80. Is th e re a co n n ec t io n b e tw een th e 81. W h e re is th e H igg s bo so n w ith p red ic ted st ru c tu re o f th e u n ive r se an d th e st ru c tu re o f 29 138 ??GeV m a ss e lem en ta ry p a r t ic le s 82. 107. 2 W h a t is th e p h y sica l m ean in g o f qu a rk D o th e law s o f p h y sic s a s w e k now th em lep to n symm e t ry? app ly o n th e sca le o f th e u n ive r se? 83. 108. W h y do e s th e m a t te r in th e u n ive r se h ave H ow b ig is th e v isib le u n ive r se sp ace? ?109. ? m a ss W h a t is th e sh ap e o f th e v isib le u n ive r se ?110. H ow m a ssive is th e v isib le u n ive r se 84. D o e s th e n eu t ro n 2 ?an t in eu t ro n 111. o sc illa t io n s ex ist in n a tu re? H ow lo n g h a s th e v isib le u n ive r se 第 1 期 2: A I X iao ba iP h y sic s T o day and It s F u tu re?47? ex isted? 131. D o e s o u r u n ive r se h ave b ro th e r s? 112. 132. D o e s D o e s th e w o rm ho le rea lly lin k o u r th e u n ive r se h ave a b eg in n in g an d ,?an en d in t im e u n ive r se an d o th e r u n ive r se s ?an d w h a t ex ac t ly is t im e 113. 133. D o o th e r in te lligen t c iv iliza t io n s ex ist? W ill th e u n ive r se exp an d fo reve r o r even tu a lly co llap se b ack o n it se lf? W e see, o f co u r se, th a t no t a ll o f th e 114. th a t qu e st io n s a s m en t io n ed abo ve a re b a sic p ro b lem s in W h y is th e po r t io n o f th e u n ive r se 32? . , w e can see so f la t an d sm oo th p h y sic sSom e o f th em a re f ro n t ie r sth e o th e r s a re 115. 2. , W h a t is th e o r ig in o f th e t in y o ld lo n gstan d in g p u zzle sO b v io u slysom e o f , , in hom o gen e it ie s th a t seeded th e fo rm a t io n o f th e th em seem ed to b e re la tedth a t isth ey h ave th e 32st ru c tu re o f th e v isib le u n ive r se sam e p h y sica l o r ig in th a t w e do no t k now r igh t 116. W h a t is th e n a tu re o f th e u b iqu ito u s da rk . , nowIn a w o rdth e se k in d s o f gap s m ean th a t o u r m a t te r th a t is th e dom in an t com po n en t o f th e m a ss . u n de r stan d in g o f n a tu re is in com p le teCom p a red 32, ? w ith th e po n d o f k now n k now ledgeo u r igno ran ce den sity .in p h y sic s rem a in s a s th e P ac if ic O cean 117. Is th e co ld da rk m a t te r in u n ive r se m ade ()up o f w eak in te rac t io n m a ssive p a r t ic le W IM P In th e fo llow in g I w o u ld lik e to c la im tw o ) . 1 po in t sT h e lo n g stan d in g p u zzle s in p h y sic s ?ax io n s an d o th e r s )2 m ay b e th e sign a ls o f n ew p h y sic s; 118. T h e effo r t s Is n ew m a t te r co n stan t ly c rea ted in th e ?u n ive r se o f sea rch in g fo r th e b a sic n a tu ra l law s o f p h y sic s .119. W h a t is th e p h y sica l m ean in g o f w ill b e a lw ay s h igh ly w o r thw h ile If som ebo dy say s “ tech no lo gy equ a ls qu ad rupo le an iso t rop y in th e co sm ic m ic row ave so lu t io n s”, I’d c ry: b a sic sc ien ce equ a ls so u rce s, ?b ack g ro u n d rad ia t io n 120. b ecau se th e C an o n e re so lve th e d iff icu lt ie s in h isto ry o f th e la st h u n d red s yea r s th e 26teach e s u s ?th a t p h y sic s is th e fo u n da t io n o f A l stu dy o f in te r ste lla r m ed ium .fo u n da t io n s 21 121. C an w e f in d th ree k in d s o f defec t s in I am su re th a t in th cen tu ry p a r t s th e o f abo ve listed u n an sw e red qu e st io n s w ill b e 22, fab r ic o f sp acet im em o nopo le sco sm ic st r in g s an d , so lvedn ew law s o f p h y sic s w ill b e fo u n d an d n ew ?dom a in w a lls p h y sic s w ill h e lp h um an to so lve th e t ro u b le s a s m ay b e 122. H ow m an y p h a se t ran sit io n s m en t io n ed b e low an d b r in g a m o re b r igh t fu tu re to ?o ccu r red in th e yo u n g vacu um .u s 123. M ay th e la rge w o rm ho le s rea lly b e u sed F ir st ly, th e h isto r ica l le sso n s m e r it a t ten t io n , a s t im e m ach in e s? 124. p h y sic s is en d le ss. In th e la st th ree to fo u r C an w e sca le th e P lan ck sca le? 125. ? M ay th e st ran ge sta r s rea lly ex isth u n d red s yea r s, th e p re se rva t io n o f cau sa lity is a . 126. ?p r im e m o ve r o f p h y sic s re sea rchT h e deve lopm en t M ay th e qu a rk sta r s rea lly ex ist , o f p h y sic s h a s p ro ceeded in step s o f cau sa l ch a in 127. C an p h y sic s g ive som e exp lan a t io n fo r each o f w h ich so lved th e p ro b lem s a t o n e leve l b y th e in it ia l co n d it io n s o f u n ive r se b eyo n d th e . op en in g ano th e r n ew an d deep e r leve l o f p ro b lem s?an th rop ic p r in c ip le , Fo r in stan cein o rde r to c la r ify th e p rop e r t ie s o f 128. W h a t do e s a se r ie s o f co sm ic co in c iden ce s , ch em ica l com po u n d sm o lecu le s an d a tom s w e re ?im p ly ; in t ro du ced in to p h y sic sth en n u c le i an d e lec t ro n s 129. Is th e re a b a sic p refe ren ce fo r m a t te r w e re in t ro du ced to exp la in th e p rop e r t ie s o f th e o ve r an t im a t te r in th e u n ive r se? . , a tomA ga in th e p ro b lem s o f n u c leo n s an d o th e r 130. 2?D o e s an t im a t ter u n ive r se ex ist n ew p a r t ic le s led u s to th e p ic tu re o f qu a rk s an d p e r so n k n ew lit t le o f th e re st o f th e w o r ld. , T ran spo r ta t io n w a s slow an d th e re w e re no In each o f cau sa l ch a in s th e su cce sso r g luo n s. . au tom o b ile s o r a irp lan e sT h e re w a s no k now ledge th eo ry to it s p redece sso r th eo ry can b e rega rded a s , . o f su b a tom ic w o r ldno com p u te r s an d so o na cau sa l illu st ra t io n in a b ro ade r ran ge o f n a tu re , In deedm o st o f th e w o rk th a t p eop le do to day is in . p h enom en a w ith a h igh e r p rec isio nSom ebo dy ( )a rea s th a t d id no t ex ist b ack th en an d is b a sed o n o n ce b e lieved th a t th eo ry o f eve ry th in g TO E 33, m igh t b e an u lt im a te th eo ry in p h y sic s th e th e tech no lo g ie s de r ived f rom th e sc ien t if ic 34 (sup e r st r in g th eo ry w ith o n ly o n e p a ram e te r w a s 1564, revo lu t io n b egu n b y g rea t p h y sic ist Ga lieo 35 . ) sa id b e in g o n e su ch can d ida teW h y th e u n iqu e 1642 . ”, O f co u r sem o st ch an ge s h app en ed in ? p a ram e te r sho u ld tak e th e va lu e it w o u ld b eT h is 20 th cen tu ry sin ce h um an b e in g k n ew sp ec ia l . , is an op en qu e st io n in TO ET h e refo reit is an It is ju st th a t re la t iv ity an d qu an tum th eo ry. in exo rab le t ren d to seek a fu r th e r th eo ry w ith a w itho u t th e p ro g re sse s in b a sic re sea rch o f p h y sic s . th e re w ill b e no su ch ach ievem en t s in o th e r f ie ld s.w ide r dom a in o f app licab ility th an TO E , , , In a sen see lec t ro n sp in f issio n th e rm o n u c lea r in o u r Seco n d ly, th e re a re laye r s o f st ru c tu re , , ,fu sio n n u c lea r reac to r sn u c lea r pow e r sta t io n s . 2 u n ive r seF rom th e la rgesca le st ru c tu re o f th e , , , , 2, u n ive r sec lu ste r s o f ga lax ie sga lax ie ssta r sT o k am ak , m a se r s, la se r s, liqu id c ry sta l ,so la r sy stem to th e in t r ica te b io lo g ica l sy stem s sup e rco n du c t iv ity, sup e rf lu id ity, t ran sisto r s, , c lu ste r s o f m o lecu le s an d a tom ssim p le m o lecu le com p u te r s, cyb e rcu ltu re, in te rn e t, W o r ld W ide , , .( ) an d a tom n u c leo n s an d qu a rk sacco rd in g to G , 32 v ir tu a l en v iro nm en t s, W eb W W W D . . ’ W FH ege ls law o f m u tu a l ch an ge o f qu a lity an dau to nom o u s so f tw a re agen t s, sp eech reco gn it io n , , , qu an t ityth e re m u st ex ist som e sp ec ia l law s in n ano n tech eno lo gyscan n in g tu n n e lin g m ic ro scop y ( ) , . 2STM rem o te scan n in g p ro b e m ic ro scop y b a sed agg rega te s o f d iffe ren t size in each laye rT h e low , , o n in te rn e tb io en g in ee red p h a rm aceu t ica lsDN A d im en sio n a l sy stem s po sse ss a se r ie s o f p h y sica l , , , gen e ch ip ste lev isio n sd ig ita l cam e ra sv ir tu a l p h enom en a w h ich can no t o ccu r in 2 th ree d im en sio n a l law s in m e so scop ic th e se g rea t d isco ve r ie s o r sy stem ; th e v ideo gam e s e tc. , a ll o f sy stem s a re in m ac ro scop ic , ,d iffe ren t f rom tho se in ven t io n s a rein deed th e in ev itab le co n n ec ted an d m ic ro scop ic sy stem s; a ltho u gh w ith sp ec ia l re la t iv ity an d qu an tum th eo ry. In n ex t w e a lready , , cen tu ryw e w ill b e fac in g foo d c r isisen e rgy k now th e p h y sica l law s w h ich go ve rn eve ry th in g , c r isisre so u rce c r isis an d a lo t o f t ro u b le s su ch a s , th a t w e exp e r ien ce in eve ryday lifew e a re st ill no t , , su rp lu s o f g lo b a l pop u la t io n po llu t io n th e g lo b a l ab le to m ak e de ta iled p red ic t io n s in an y b u t . . sim p le st situ a t io nA ll a re goo d ex am p le sho le, w a rm in g, o zo no sp h e re p lan e t ’ s how abo u t a lo t o f ca tego r ie s o f n ew ,,p u b lic h ea lth , t ran spo r ta t io n an d B e side s en v iro nm en t 2? safe ty, cu t t in gedge f ie lds w h ich I h ave no t dea lt w ith n ew t raff ic sew age d isch a rge an d , , “t rea tm en tm u n ic ip a l A ga in A p e r so n b ro u gh t som ehow to to day refu se t rea tm en t, u rb an 2,sto rm w a ter ro u t in g f rom o n ly a h u n d red yea r s ago w o u ld f in d th e re sistan ce to p e st s an d B ack w o r ld ve ry d iffe ren t an d even b ew ilde r in g. d isea se s, how to boo st p ro du c t iv ity an d co rpo ra te . p ro f it s a s w e ll a s stan da rd s o f liv in g an d so o n,th en th e ave rage life sp an w a s sho r t in fan t U n lim ited g row th is no t po ssib le in a lim ited m o r ta lity w a s m u ch h igh e r, an d d isea se ca r r ied o ff ! ? ? . w o r ldW h a t sh a ll w e do W h e re is th e w ay o u tm o re p eop le th an d id o ld ageComm u n ica t io n s , In m y op in io n it w ill b e th e u n iqu e co r rec t cho ice , , w e re p r im it iveo n ly c ru de te lep ho n e s ex isted an d . fo r h um an k in d to a sk th e b a sic re sea rch o f sc ien ce s th e re w a s no rad io o r te lev isio nT h e ave rage 第 1 期 2: A I X iao ba iP h y sic s T o day and It s F u tu re?49? ( ) . A ckn owledgem en ts in c lu d in g p h y sic sto com e to th e re scu e . , I w o u ld lik e to g ive h ea r tfu l th an k s to P ro fIn summ a ryp h y sic s w ill n eve r com e to an . . . .LM Y an g fo r h is read in g m y f ir st d raf t an d en dT h e u n ive r se w ill a lw ay s rem a in in exp licab le g iv in g m e m an y ve ry h e lp fu l d iscu ssio n s an d It w ill a lw ay s h ave m y ste r ie s fo r gen e ra t io n to .su gge st io n s in p rep a r in g th is p ap e r .gen e ra t io n Ref eren ce s 2351 , 1561 . , 1968, 115: 129H aw k ing S. Is th e E nd in S igh t fo r T h eo re t ica l P h y sic s? o f UN uc l P h y sA . 1 16 M ilo ne AN uc lea r D isin teg ra t io n C a scade P ro duced by a , , 1980C am b r idge U n ive r sity P re ssC am b r idge H eavy P r im a ry. N uo vo C im en to Supp l, 1954, 12: 353, 2 Sp r inge r P ro ceed ing s in P h y sic s, V o lum e 57, E vo lu t io na ry 3541 . , T rend s in th e P h y sica l Sc ience sE d ited by Suzuk i M Kubo 2. . Sk y rem e TA N o nlinea r T h eo ry o f S t ro ng In te rac t io nP ro c . 21, , , 1991RSp r inge rV e r lagB e r lin H e ide lbe rg 17 , 1958, 247: 260, 2781Ro y So cA 3 1993, M addo x J. H a s P h y sic s Com e to an E nd? N a tu re, 2. . W ilczek FQ uan tum M ech an ic s o f F rac t io na lsp in P a r t ic le s366: 2971 18 , 1982, 49: 957, 9591P h y s R ev L e t t 4 1994, M addo x J. N a tu re, F ro n t ie r s o f Igno rance. N a tu re, 372: 11, 281 19 R egu la r and Ir regu la r Sem ic la ssica l B e r ry M . 5 T h e E ncyc lop aed ia o f Igno rance. E d ited by D uncan R. , 2 0911 . , 1977, 10: 2 083W avefunc t io n sJ P h y sA M iranda W e sto n 2Sm ith , Po ck e t Boo k s, N ew Yo rk , 19781 B e r ry M . Q uan ta l P h a se F ac to r s A ccom p any ing A d iaba t ic 20 . , 1984, 392: 45, 461C h ange sP ro c Ro y So cA . . , H a rw it M A st rop h y sica l Co ncep t sJo h n W iley & So n s6 , 19731N ew Yo rk . L augh lin RSup e rco nduc t ing G ro und S ta te o f N o n in te rac t ing 21 . ? Sa st ry GIs L eng th Co n t rac t io n R ea lly P a rado x ica lA m J . , 1988,P a r t ic le O bey ing F rac t io na l S ta t ist ic sP h y s R ev L e t t 7 , 1987, 55: 943, 9461P h y s 60: 2 677, 2 6801 . , W a lk e r JH o t W a te r F reeze s F a ste r T h an Co ld W a te rW h y β, . A h a ro no v YV a idm an LM ea su rem en t o f th e Sch rod inge r 8 22 . , 1993, 178: 38, 421W ave o f a S ing le P a r t ic leP h y s L e t tA ( ) 246, 1977, 237 3 : D o e s It D o So ? Sc ien t if ic A m e r ican , 2, , . E in ste in A Po do lsk y B Ro sen NC an Q uan tum m ech an ica l 1 25723 ? D e sc r ip t io n o f P h y sica l R ea lity B e Co n side red Com p le te9 . 2 A i H BT h e Fo rgo t ten D im en sio n in N o n equ ilib r ium , 1935, 47: 777, 7801P h y s R ev . T h e rm o dynam ic sP ro ceed ing s o f th e Fo u r th P ac if ic P h y sic s . . , 1911,V a r icak VZum E h renfe st sch en P a rado xenZ P h y s , , 1990. . Co nfe renceSeo u lE d ited by A h n SW o r ld 24 12: 169, 1701 1991, 742 Sc ien t if ic P ub lish ing Co P te L td, S ingapo re, I: . . A i H BR e so lu t io n o f Som e P a rado xe s in R e la t iv ist ic S ta t ic s, 7451 25 , 1998, 11: 1, 61P h y s E ssay s 10 F reeo uf J , W oo da ll J. Scho t tk y B a r r ie r s: A n effec t ive w o rk , . Bo h r A M o t te lso n BSom e C u r ren t T h em e s in N uc lea r . , 1981, 39: 727, 7291func t io n m o de lA pp l P h y s L e t t 26 . , 1974, 10: 13, 201R e sea rchP h y sica Sc r ip taA 22, . G r iem s C A dam s GE v idence fo r a L iqu idto c ry sta l P h a se . 2, , 11 Tw in P N yako B N e lso n B et a lO b se rva t io n o f a D isc re te 2. T ran sit io n in a C la ssica l Tw o d im en sio na l Sh ee t o f E lec t ro n s152θ60 . ,27 line Sup e rdefo rm ed B and up to h in D yP h y s R ev L e t t , 1979, 42: 795, 7981P h y s R ev L e t t 1986, 57: 811, 8141 , , . . Su W Sch r ieffe r J H eege r ASo lito n s in Po lyace ty lene. : . P a scho s EC P V io la t io nP re sen t and fu tu reP ro ceed ing s o f 12 , 1979, 42: 1 698, 1 7011P h y s R ev L e t t 28 , . 22 13 In te rna t io na l Sym po sium o n Sh eng P W o jtow icz PCo n stan tco up lingT h eo ry o f L ep to n p ho to n17 th 1 883, 1 , , 1995. 2, 14: P h y s R ev, 1976, In te rac t io n sB e ijingE d ited by Zh eng Zh ip engC h enN em a t ic L iqu id C ry sta l. 1 2894. , H esh engW o r ld Sc ien t if ic P ub lish ing Co P te L td , 1996, 434, 4551S ingapo re 14 D a tz S, M o ak C , C raw fo rd O et a l. R e so nan t Co h e ren t 4. , , N i G J L o u S YL u W F et a lΚ5 M o de l and H igg s M a ss in 29 E xc ita t io n o f C h anne led Io n s. P h y s R ev L e t t, 1978, 40: 843 S tanda rd M o de l C a lcu la ted by Gau ssian E ffec t ive Po ten t ia l , 8471 2A pp ro ach w ith a N ew R egu la r iza t io nR eno rm a liza t io n 15 Co u lom b E xc ita t io n S tep h en s F , H o ltz M , D iam o nd R et a l. () , 22. , 1998, 41: 350. M e tho dSc ience s in C h ina Sc ien t ia S in icap eng and C h en H esh engW o r ldE d ited by Zh eng Zh i, , 1996, 693,Sc ien t if ic P ub lish ing Co P te L tdS ingapo re 3531 7231 . , , F rank lin M F e ldm and GA b ram s G et a lM ea su rem en t o f 30 ′( ) ( ) . . ,3 097 3 686 T ay lo r JO n T h eo r ie s o f E ve ry th ingFo unda t io n s o f P h y s 7 and 7 D ecay s in to Se lec ted H ad ro n ic 33 1993, 23: 239, 2411 . , 1983, 51: 963, 9661M o de sP h y s R ev L e t t . . ,, , . . D irac P A M A N ew B a sis fo r Co sm o lo gyP ro c Ro y So c G reen M Schw a rz J W it ten FSup e r st r ing sC am b r idge 31 34 1938, 165: 199, 2081, , 19801A U n ive r sity P re ssC am b r idge R ich te r B. T h e Ro le o f Sc ience in O u r So c ie ty. P h y s T o day, T u rne r M . Co sm o lo gy. P ro ceed ing s o f 17 th In te rna t io na l 32 35 1995, 48: 43, 471 2, , 1995. Sym po sium o n L ep to nP ho to n In te rac t io n sB e ijing Ξ 物理学的现状和未来 艾小白 ()兰州重离子加速器国家实验室核物理理论中心, 甘肃 兰州 730000 ()中国科学院上海原子核研究所, 上海 201800 摘 要: 列举了物理学中 100 多个未解决的问题, 阐明物理学中长期悬而未决的难题正是新物理 学将要诞生的信号, 人类探索物理学基本规律的努力总是值得的 1 关 键 词:量子力学 物理学; 狭义相对论; ( ) Ξ 基金项目: 上海自然科学基金资助项目 974009; 上海汽车齿轮总厂资助 A