英语排比句

英语排比句 英语中排比句的运用 I came I saw I conquer. 我来了我看见我征服 出自古罗马统 治者Julius Caesar之口。气势磅礴、铿锵有力的语言给后人留下了深刻印象。这个三 项排比句生动形象地描述了这位统治者的勇气、傲气和霸气。三项排比结构是英语 写作中一个较为常见的修辞手段它既能增加文章的清晰度又能使一个句子或一个段 落的思想内容逐步递进达到高潮。综观两千多年的历史三项排比结构不仅被众多的 大作家、小说家所采用而且备受政治家、演说家的青睐。就拿美国总统来说几乎每 一位总统在他们的就职演说词里都多次使用了三项排比结构。由此我们可以看出三 项排比结构的魅力。下面就让我们一起来欣赏部分总统的演说片段。 To that work I now turn with all the authority of my office. I ask the Congress to join with me. But no president no Congress no government can undertake this mission alone. Bill Clinton 这 里克林顿用了三个排比的主语在词义上层层加重收到了递进强调的效果。汉语意思 是任何总统任何国会任何政府都不能单独完成这一使命。 This great Nation will endure as it has endured will revive and will prosper. Franklin D. Roosevelt 罗斯福运用 谓语三项式排比展望美国的发展语气不断加强话语鼓舞人心。汉语意思是我们的国 家过去经得起考验今后还将经得起考验美国将复兴美国将繁荣。 Steadfast in our faith in the Almighty we will advance toward a world where mans freedom is secure. To that end we will devote our strength our resources and our firmness of resolve. With Gods help the future of mankind will be assured in a world of justice harmony and peace. Harry S. Truman 这里杜鲁门运用宾语三项式排比号召美国人民为人类的自由而做 出贡献运用宾语三项式排比展望人类的未来。汉语意思是为此目的我们将贡献出我 们的力量、财力及坚定决心。汉语意思是在上帝的保佑下人类的未来无疑将是个公 正、和谐与和平的世界。 We are creating a nation once again vibrant robust and alive. But there are many mountains yet to climb.Ronald Reagan 这里里根运用三项式定语排 比来描述人们创造的美国“朝气蓬勃、精力旺盛、充满活力”。文字简练生动给人留 下深刻的印象。 We were in the midst of shock—but we acted. We acted quickly boldly decisively. Franklin D. Roosevelt 罗斯福回顾八年前美国所处的状态运用三个排比的 状语阐述了美国人民的勇气和坚定。汉语意思是“我们虽然处在惊恐之中——但是我 们采取了行动迅速、大胆、坚定地采取了行动。” America is ready to encourage eager to initiate anxious to participate in any seemly program likely to lessen the probability of war and promote that brotherhood of mankind which must be Gods highest conception of human. Warren G. Harding 哈定在演说中运用三个排比的语清楚地表明了美国对 减少战争爆发所持的态度和立场。汉语意思是“美国随时鼓励、热情推动、积极参加 任何有助于减少战争爆发可能性的计划并促进上帝对人类关系的最高思想——四海 之内皆兄弟。” With this we can build a great cathedral of the spirit—each of us raising it one stone at a time as he reaches out to his neighbor helping caring doing. Richard Milhous Nixon 尼克松用了三个现在分词的排比强调说明邻里之间应怎样相处。汉 语意思是“每当我们每一个人向他的邻人伸出手来帮助他、照顾他、为他办事的时候 他也就是给这个精神大厦添了一块砖。” Conceived in justice written in liberty bound in union it covenant was meant one day to inspire the hopes of all mankind and it binds us still. Lyndon Baines Johnson 约翰逊在此用了三个排比的过去分词短语阐明了公 约的性质公正、自由、联盟。汉语意思是该公约立意公正充满自由精神并有联盟的 约束。它的本意是有朝一日可以成为全人类的希望。直到今天仍然制约着我们。” We renew our pledge of support—to prevent it the United Nations from becoming merely a forum for invective—to strength its shield of the new and the weak—and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run. John F. Kennedy 这里肯尼迪用了三个动词不定式排比 表达了美国对联合国的殷切希望。汉语意思是“防止它变成一个只供抨击之用的讲 台、强化它对新兴国家和弱小国家的保护、并扩大其权利所能达到的区域。” We must act on what we know. I take as my guide the hope of a saint: in crucial things—unity in important things—diversity in all things generosity. George Bush 布什用了三个介词短 语排比、三个名词排比精辟地概括了他采取行动的指导原则。汉语意思是在具有决 定意义的事情上要团结在重大事情上要听取不同意见在一切事情上都要宽宏大量。 Let history say of us: These were golden years—when the American Revolution was reborn when freedom gained new life when America reached for her best. Ronald Reagan 里根运用三个从句排比强调恢复美国以往的光荣。汉语意思是这些年是美国的黄金 时代那时候美国革命精神复兴、自由获得新生命、美国国势达到鼎盛。 Let us take as our goal: where peace is unknown make it welcome where peace is fragile make it strong where peace is temporary make it permanent. Richard Milhous Nixon 尼克松运用三个 句子排比表达了对世界和平的美好憧憬。此外句中对照手法的兼用更进一步加深了 听众的印象。汉语意思是在那些不知道什么叫和平的地方要使和平成为受人欢迎的 东西在那些和平脆弱的地方要使它牢固起来在那些和平只是暂时存在的地方要使它 成为永久的东西。 美国总统们巧妙地运用了三项排比的修辞手段为他们各自的演说 增加了不少光彩但需要指出的是美国是一个资本主义国家他们的演说不可避免地印 有时代和阶级的烙印。让我们仅从修辞手法上去欣赏三项排比手法 在报上看到这句 话 “In maintaining our accomplishments we must instil in our young generation the importance of political stability racial harmony resilience in mind and spirit.” 这话后头 三个当宾语的词组成串的排列增加议论气势使文句生动流畅引人入胜。 这种三项式 的排比句往往是为了表达意思上的顺序先后、程度轻重、范围大小以便逐层深入达 到良好的修辞效果。 三项式排比句例子俯拾即是现在分类举例供大家参考。 一 主 语如 1 The conceit complacency and ignorance of some people are beyond belief. 二 谓语如 2 The investigator reached the gate hesitated and rang the bell. 三 宾语如 3 We expected friends to have warmth friendship humanity. 四 形容词如 4 She was talkative vivacious and boastful. 五 分词如 5 The driver walked near the car inspecting criticising musing deeply. 六 不定式动词如 6 The police started to search investigate and interrogate. 七 介词宾语或短语如 7 Studies serve for delight for ornament and for ability. 8 Anne is a person of poor understanding little information and uncertain temperament. 八 分句如 9 Some books are to be tasted others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 10 The research shows that translation problems are primarily language problems that the translator must have a good command of both languages and that a translator weak in any language must upgrade it. 九 动名词及短语 如 11 Thinking logically speaking eloquently and writing explicitly are important elements of good communication. 12 From my observation many people today spend their time receiving more and more education working more and more hours and making more and more money. 最后回到文前的引句如果能把“resilience in mind and spirit”稍 作调整使形式更接近前两者“political stability racial harmony”情况会更好如 “????political stability racial harmony mental resilience and spiritual equilibrium.” 上述 例句证明三项式或多项式排比句是富有表现力的整齐句型是一种可取的修辞手段不 妨多多使用一条条小河宛如蓝色的缎带缠绕着一望无际的绿色田野远处一座座造型 古朴、色彩和谐的小屋一派美丽动人的田园风光 A creek twines the vast green field just like the blue color satin ribbon a distant place modelling is being plain color harmonious hut a school of beautiful moving rural scenery 一座座古老的风车风车的风 叶像张开的翅膀迎风转动与绿草、野花构成了独特的景致更为这童话般世界增添神 奇色彩 An ancient windmill windmills wind leaf opens likely the wing rotates against the wind with the green grass the wild flower constituted the unique view this fairy tale world addition mysterious color 一对对色彩鲜艳、精致绚丽象征着甜蜜爱情的木鞋还 有那华丽的郁金香倾倒无数情人???? 郁金香飘香的季节娇艳妩媚的女孩的笑容如 花传芬芳???? 幽幽湖边风车绿草小房多惬意 红红火火郁金香花田阵阵芳香风车悠 悠转这是梦吗 A right color bright fine gorgeous is drafting the happy love sabot likely Also has that magnificent tulip to fall the season which innumerable sweetheart ...... the tulip smells as sweet the tender and beautiful charming girls smiling face like flower passes on fragrantly ...... Spooky bund windmill green grass den satisfied prosperous curcuma fragrant flowers field intermittent fragrant windmill long extension This is the dream 高高的建筑也是一种艺术品古典、优雅像一幅浓郁的油漆彩画 到处弥漫着绿 色连空气也飘着青草味 四周一片绿油油绿色的惊艳风车也停下来陶醉在美景中???? The high construction is also one kind of artware is classical is graceful looks like a rich paint color painting everywhere is filling the green is also fluttering including the air green grass taste all around green and glossy the green startled colorful the windmill also stops down is infatuated with in the beautiful scene ...... 1 夏天的飞鸟飞到我的窗前唱 歌又飞去了。 秋天的黄叶它们没有什么可唱只叹息一声飞落在那里。 stray birds of summer come to my window to sing and fly away. and yellow leaves of autumn which have no songs flutter and fall there with a sign. 2 世界上的一队小小的漂泊者呀请留 下你们的足印在我的文字里。 o troupe of little vagrants of the world leave your footprints in my words. 3 世界对着它的爱人把它浩翰的面具揭下了。 它变小了小如 一首歌小如一回永恒的接吻。 the world puts off its mask of vastness to its lover. it becomes small as one song as one kiss of the eternal. 4 是大地的泪点使她的微笑保持 着青春不谢。 it is the tears of the earth that keep here smiles in bloom. 5 无垠的沙漠热 烈追求一叶绿草的爱她摇摇头笑着飞开了。 the mighty desert is burning for the love of a bladeof grass who shakes her head and laughs and flies away. 6 如果你因失去了太 阳而流泪那么你也将失去群星了。 if you shed tears when you miss the sun you also miss the stars. 7 跳舞着的流水呀在你途中的泥沙你的歌声你的流动呢。你肯挟 瘸足的泥沙而俱下么 the sands in your way beg for your song and your movement dancing water. will you carry the burden of their lameness 8 她的热切的脸如夜雨似的 搅扰着我的梦魂。 her wishful face haunts my dreams like the rain at night. 9 有一次我 们梦见大家都是不相识的。 我们醒了却知道我们原是相亲相爱的。 once we dreamt that we were strangers. we wake up to find that we were dear to each other. 10 忧思在我 的心里平静下去正如暮色降临在寂静的山林中。 sorrow is hushed into peace in my heart like the evening among the silent trees. 摘 要: 英语演讲作为一门艺术演讲者要 在掌握好英语语音基础知识和具有一定的英语语言技能基础上充分利用 英语语音 修辞的优势才能取得成功。 英语语音修辞在 英语演讲中起着举足轻重的重要作用。 英语演讲是集文化素养、心理素质、语言表达能力、表演艺术等于一体的高超的技 能技巧是演讲者借助声音来达到成功的一门艺术。演讲者要把握好英语语音基础知 识的运用如:音的连读、不完全爆破、音的弱化、音的同化、音长、语调等发音清晰 吐词准确声音传播的力度到位有控制听众注意力的气势否则就会出现意不能传神英 语韵味不足感染力不强等毛病演讲水平的发挥将受到很大的限制。在有了扎实的英 语功底基础上巧妙地运用语音修辞是提高演讲技能的关键作为外语学习者提高演讲 技能更应该从语音修辞上去寻求突破点才能多快好省地掌握好 英语演讲的诀窍。本 文拟从分析名家在演说中如何恰当地运用语音修辞的角度出发探讨 英语语音修辞 在 英语演讲中的重要作用。 一、名篇演说分析第二次世界大战爆发温斯顿?丘吉尔 出任英国首相领导英国人民对德作战1941年6月德军入侵苏联后他立即发表声明援 助苏联以下是他的广播讲话的一部分:“I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold oftheir native landguarding the fields which their fathers havetilled from time immemorial.I see them guarding their homeswhere mothers and wives pray for the safety of their loved ones??.I see the ten thousand villages of Russia??.I seeadvancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi warmachinewith its clankingheel-clinkingdandifiedPrussian officers??I see also thedulldrilleddocilebrutishmasses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm ofcrawling locusts.I see the German bombers and fighters in thesky??Behind all this glarebehind all this stormI seethat small group of villainous men??“I have to declare the decision of his MajestyπsGovernment??for we must spread out now at oncewithout adayπs delay.I have to make the declarationbut can youdoubt what our policy will beWe have but one aim and onesingleirrevocable purpose.We are resolved to destroy Hitlerand every vestige of the nazi regime.From this nothing willturn us—nothing.We will never parleywe will nevernegotiate??.We shall fight him by landwe shall fight himby seawe shall fight him in the air??”Winston S.Churchill:Speech on Hitlerπs Invasion of the U.S.S.R.在上述第一段中丘吉尔用了7个“I see”从听觉、视觉上描述了希特勒的种种 罪行语速较慢声音低沉仿佛他在用眼睛扫视所看到的景象感悟这惨不忍睹的一切在 第二段中突然语速加快声音慷慨激昂表示对希特勒的仇恨油然而生愤恨越来越强烈 还用了连续重复和排比来加强语气表示消灭敌人的决心决不更改。在这篇演说中丘 吉尔很好地运用了语音修辞从气势上大大激发了英国人民的斗志甚至是全世界人民 的斗志感召人民起来进行反法西斯的斗争最终取得了全面的胜利。名家还有如John F.Kennedy.在Inaugural AddressAbraham Lincoln在Gettysburg AddressEdward Everett. 在Gettysburg Address中均借助了许多语音修辞来增强演讲的力度收到了很好的演讲 效果成为了名篇演说甚至是威尼斯商人中的夏洛克在狡辩中也运用了大量的语音修 辞来达到辩护的目的。所以作为 英语演讲者一定要有语音修辞敏感性才能领略到该 在什么时候“适可而止”什么时候“畅所欲言”。 二、语音修辞的内涵 英语语音修辞 是指修辞性地运用语言的声音来达到说话者的目的意图产生悦耳动听的韵味给人以 回味无穷的美感。它包括两种类型:一是音形结合的语音修辞如拟声、头韵、尾韵、 连续重复、平行结构等从语言形式和声音上寄芴逑值男薮侨缫韵吕拟声:I see advancing upon all this in hideousonslaught the Nazi war machinewith its clankingheel-clinkingdandified Prussian officers????Winston S.Churchill:Speech on Hitlerπs Invasion of the U.S.S.R.21头韵:A stablesilentsolemn forest stood.1P31831尾 韵:The ground was black with antsgreatenergetic ants that took no notice of himbut hurried andscurried towards the fighting shapelike glistening black waterflowing through the grass.Doris Lessing:A sunrise on theVeld41连续重复:Shylock在辩词中说道:Iπll have my bondSpeak not against my bondI have sworn an oath that I will have my bondShakespeare:The Merchant of Venice51平行结构:排比对照1Yesfor there are times when all pray———for thesafety of their loved onesthe return of the breadwinneroftheir championof their protector.John F.Kennedy:Inaugural Address2We observe today not a victory of party but acelebration of freedomsymbolizing an end as well as abeginningsignifying renewal as well as change.John F.Kennedy:Inaugural Address拟声 是直接与语音相关的修辞格能产生声音方面的效果是很明显的连续重复、平行结构、 头韵、尾韵属于修辞布局1P306无论从形式上还是从声音上都能产生强烈的修辞效 果。二是音形分离的语音修辞如加强重音、逻辑重音、恰当停顿、语速的变化等不 在语言形式上体现的修辞而只是说话者凭借声音体现出来这种技巧需要演讲者通过 长期的训练凭借语感在语句中恰当地表现出来如:Iπve been here long.如果重读的词 是here此句强调的 信息是地点如果重读的是long此句强调的信息便是时间。要强调 哪个信息说话者要通过音的重读来达到他的这个交际目的这就是加强重音或逻辑重 音在口头表达中的作用。 三、语音修辞在 英语演讲中的作用 英语语音修辞在演讲 中起着画龙点睛的作用归纳起来大致有以下几种: 11运用语音修辞可满足听众的听 觉刺激演讲的成功与否取决于听众的接受程度音色好、音质好给人留下的第一印象 肯定好也很重要。如果声音错落有致铿锵有力节奏感强悦耳动听那更是锦上添花会 收到意想不到的特殊效果。这些都要借助语音修辞来完成像拟声、头韵、尾韵、加 强重音、逻辑重音、恰当停顿、连续重复、加快或减低语速等方法都有助于达到这 个目的。如:Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruelexperience.Winston S.Churchill:Speech on Hitlerπs Invasion ofthe U.S.S.R.“let”、“learn”和“lessons”这三个 词都是闭音节属于低沉的声音le音的重复给听众的印象是“惨痛的教训一定要吸 取”。Edward Everett在“Gettysburg Address”中运用了“You feelthough the occasion is mournfulthat it is good tobe here.You feel that it was greatly auspicious for the cause ofthe country...battle.You now feel it a new bond of unionthat they shall lie....