中国数码摄影与后期处理教程—速度组合与景深效果

中国数码摄影与后期处理教程—速度组合与景深效果 中国数码摄影与后期处理教程—速度组合与景深效果 2010-09-30 17:07:48 作者:祁连山 来源:中国教程网论坛 本文由中国教程网祁连山原创，任何网站、出版品均可转载，但必须注明出处和作者～ 本文为中国数码摄影与后期处理系列教程，在本文中中国教程网祁连山老师将向我们介绍数码摄影与后期处理中之速度组合与景深效果一节，本系列教程将陆续发布，敬请朋友们关注~~ 前面我们学习了快门、光圈和感光度的基础知识。这三样构成了正常曝光最基础的部分。要想得到曝光正确的图片，就必须对它们的组合效果心中有数。 我们生活的这个世界是千变万化的，早晨和傍晚，光线温暖而柔和，有很多拍摄机会。到了中午，光线非常强烈，晚上回到家中，室内灯光相比阳光就会暗得多。深夜要入睡的时候，床头灯的亮度会更暗。为了拍摄出明亮的场景和创意作品，我们还可以利用闪光灯进行布光，这些，都可以成为我们拍摄用的光源。 拍摄用光有着无穷的变化，我们在拍摄时就要根据实际情况适应这些变化，从而拍摄出正常曝光的照片来。我们可以通过改变快门、光圈和感光度中任意一个或者多个参数改变曝光的效果。所以说我们也有很多组合得到正常的曝光。 由于闪光灯的光线具有瞬时性， 掌握起来需要更多技巧，我们将在闪光灯的专有章节里详细介绍它的测光与拍摄方法。本节我们针对较易掌握的长亮光进行讲解。 光圈、快门速度和感光度都可以分档，如果我们确定了某个组合可以形成正确的曝光，就可以在这个组合的基础上进行加档和减档，从而实现相似曝光效果下不同的组合。 我们用实例来说明。首先使用光圈f4，ISO200的情况下，试拍一张照片。可以看到，在光圈优先的设置下，相机自动为我们算出快门速度为1/100秒。得到一张曝光正常的照片。 小知识:光圈优先模式 拍摄者自定光圈大小，由相机自动计算快门速度以正确曝光的拍摄模式为光圈优先模式。 I signed with the Bank of the qilu Bank loan contract (contract) conventions, and I use scheme, I would request the loans (in words) until I opened personal settlement account with your Bank (account), uses loan for 。 Loan operation, business unit name: account number: loan funds from these personal settlement account into the account of a payment. Loans in accordance with the following payment methods to pay. One, lender trustee payment. Delegate qilu Bank loan funds of the borrower to meet the stipulation of the contract the following borrowers, counterparties, commitment funds, regulatory compliance, legal, and willing to take the pay disputes, loss and other consequences of the delegate. Payee account number Bank name amount purpose II, borrowers own payment methods. Qilu Bank according to the borrower's withdrawal request to loan funds disbursed directly to the borrower's account, and independently by the borrower payments to borrowers who meet the stipulation of the contract transactions. I guarantee to your bank contracts and other prove of material submitted by real and effective. When in accordance with one payment, I agree with the above account with your bank loan funds that are not used for stop payment management,stop paid confirmed book records table single 13: lifted check pay notice records table single 14: personal loan ahead of repayment application accepted table Records table single 15: loan lines opened/cancellation application approval table records table single 16: qilu card award letter self loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 17: loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 18: qilu Bank loan urged received notice records table single 19: arrived (quality) bet real right proved out library listing records table single 20: housing mortgage right cancellation proved records table single 21: personal pledge loan repayment commitment letter 11. schedule Spontaneous date of promulgation of this practice, this procedure is issued prior to the implementation of the relevant provisions are inconsistent with this regulation, is subject to this regulation. The risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment of procedures by the head office. Break through the restrictions imposed by this practice, should submit file explanations authorities file explanation deemed necessary and submitted to the Head Office of the loan Review Committee for approval. Record form 1: personal loan customer conversation transcript to me given the loan applicant bank personal loan applications, according to qilu Bank personal loan interviews regulations and interviews on the following issues with the borrower and the guarantor, please respond, and ensure content authenticity. 1, your personal loan application materials must be submitted to the qilu Bank is true, otherwise you should bear the corresponding legal responsibility. In this regard, do you understand? Yes () No () 2, you apply for personal loans amounting to million of period of months, you decide to take the repayment options are: due a one-off debt (), monthly interest, to ... Qilu Bank: 那么我们在这个组合的基础上，将光圈降一档，达到f5.6，此时相机会自动算出，正常曝光需要的快门速度为1/50秒，比原来的速度慢了一半，即快门速度要增加一档。这样得到的结果曝光效果是十分相似的。不过由于光圈缩小了，可以看到景深变大，远端原来模糊的笔帽变得清晰了一些。 祁连山摄 光圈优先模式 光圈f5.6 ISO200 1/50秒 相同的道理，我们将光圈降两档，达到f8，再看快门速度，被自动计算为1/25秒，增加两档。拍摄结果曝光相似，景深更大了。 I signed with the Bank of the qilu Bank loan contract (contract) conventions, and I use scheme, I would request the loans (in words) until I opened personal settlement account with your Bank (account), uses loan for 。 Loan operation, business unit name: account number: loan funds from these personal settlement account into the account of a payment. Loans in accordance with the following payment methods to pay. One, lender trustee payment. Delegate qilu Bank loan funds of the borrower to meet the stipulation of the contract the following borrowers, counterparties, commitment funds, regulatory compliance, legal, and willing to take the pay disputes, loss and other consequences of the delegate. Payee account number Bank name amount purpose II, borrowers own payment methods. Qilu Bank according to the borrower's withdrawal request to loan funds disbursed directly to the borrower's account, and independently by the borrower payments to borrowers who meet the stipulation of the contract transactions. I guarantee to your bank contracts and other prove of material submitted by real and effective. When in accordance with one payment, I agree with the above account with your bank loan funds that are not used for stop payment management,stop paid confirmed book records table single 13: lifted check pay notice records table single 14: personal loan ahead of repayment application accepted table Records table single 15: loan lines opened/cancellation application approval table records table single 16: qilu card award letter self loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 17: loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 18: qilu Bank loan urged received notice records table single 19: arrived (quality) bet real right proved out library listing records table single 20: housing mortgage right cancellation proved records table single 21: personal pledge loan repayment commitment letter 11. schedule Spontaneous date of promulgation of this practice, this procedure is issued prior to the implementation of the relevant provisions are inconsistent with this regulation, is subject to this regulation. The risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment of procedures by the head office. Break through the restrictions imposed by this practice, should submit file explanations authorities file explanation deemed necessary and submitted to the Head Office of the loan Review Committee for approval. Record form 1: personal loan customer conversation transcript to me given the loan applicant bank personal loan applications, according to qilu Bank personal loan interviews regulations and interviews on the following issues with the borrower and the guarantor, please respond, and ensure content authenticity. 1, your personal loan application materials must be submitted to the qilu Bank is true, otherwise you should bear the corresponding legal responsibility. In this regard, do you understand? Yes () No () 2, you apply for personal loans amounting to million of period of months, you decide to take the repayment options are: due a one-off debt (), monthly interest, to ... Qilu Bank: 祁连山摄 光圈优先模式 光圈8 ISO200 1/25秒 相机的计算也会进行四舍五入，有时也会有轻微的偏差。比如说我将光圈设置到f16时，相机计算出来的值为1/6秒，而按照我们前面的规律算出来的值则是1/6.25秒。快门速度进行了数值取整。 祁连山摄 光圈优先模式 光圈16 ISO200 1/6秒 除了光圈和快门速度可以进行加减档的平衡之外，感光度也可以加入到组合中。比如说，光圈还是f16，我将感光度从200提高到1600，提高了三档，再看快门速度，变成了1/50秒，I signed with the Bank of the qilu Bank loan contract (contract) conventions, and I use scheme, I would request the loans (in words) until I opened personal settlement account with your Bank (account), uses loan for 。 Loan operation, business unit name: account number: loan funds from these personal settlement account into the account of a payment. Loans in accordance with the following payment methods to pay. One, lender trustee payment. Delegate qilu Bank loan funds of the borrower to meet the stipulation of the contract the following borrowers, counterparties, commitment funds, regulatory compliance, legal, and willing to take the pay disputes, loss and other consequences of the delegate. Payee account number Bank name amount purpose II, borrowers own payment methods. Qilu Bank according to the borrower's withdrawal request to loan funds disbursed directly to the borrower's account, and independently by the borrower payments to borrowers who meet the stipulation of the contract transactions. I guarantee to your bank contracts and other prove of material submitted by real and effective. When in accordance with one payment, I agree with the above account with your bank loan funds that are not used for stop payment management,stop paid confirmed book records table single 13: lifted check pay notice records table single 14: personal loan ahead of repayment application accepted table Records table single 15: loan lines opened/cancellation application approval table records table single 16: qilu card award letter self loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 17: loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 18: qilu Bank loan urged received notice records table single 19: arrived (quality) bet real right proved out library listing records table single 20: housing mortgage right cancellation proved records table single 21: personal pledge loan repayment commitment letter 11. schedule Spontaneous date of promulgation of this practice, this procedure is issued prior to the implementation of the relevant provisions are inconsistent with this regulation, is subject to this regulation. The risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment of procedures by the head office. Break through the restrictions imposed by this practice, should submit file explanations authorities file explanation deemed necessary and submitted to the Head Office of the loan Review Committee for approval. Record form 1: personal loan customer conversation transcript to me given the loan applicant bank personal loan applications, according to qilu Bank personal loan interviews regulations and interviews on the following issues with the borrower and the guarantor, please respond, and ensure content authenticity. 1, your personal loan application materials must be submitted to the qilu Bank is true, otherwise you should bear the corresponding legal responsibility. In this regard, do you understand? Yes () No () 2, you apply for personal loans amounting to million of period of months, you decide to take the repayment options are: due a one-off debt (), monthly interest, to ... Qilu Bank: 减低了三档。 祁连山摄 光圈优先模式 光圈16 ISO1600 1/50秒 从前面看，光圈越小，景深越大。有时我们拍摄时需要加大景深，一缩光圈通光量就少了，此时我们可以用两种办法解决，一种是将快门速度降下来，另一种则是将感光度提高。不过提高感光度会造成噪点增加，影响到画质，所以要在光圈、快门速度、感光度之间取得平衡，要看你具体做什么工作。如果拍摄出来的图会缩小放在网上，可以用高感光度，如果你追求画质，就要用低感光度。 上面两张图的噪点对比，位置在圣诞老人的眼睛区域，图左为ISO200，图右为ISO1600，可以看到噪点变得很多，尤其是暗部的噪点，已经影响到画质。 I signed with the Bank of the qilu Bank loan contract (contract) conventions, and I use scheme, I would request the loans (in words) until I opened personal settlement account with your Bank (account), uses loan for 。 Loan operation, business unit name: account number: loan funds from these personal settlement account into the account of a payment. Loans in accordance with the following payment methods to pay. One, lender trustee payment. Delegate qilu Bank loan funds of the borrower to meet the stipulation of the contract the following borrowers, counterparties, commitment funds, regulatory compliance, legal, and willing to take the pay disputes, loss and other consequences of the delegate. Payee account number Bank name amount purpose II, borrowers own payment methods. Qilu Bank according to the borrower's withdrawal request to loan funds disbursed directly to the borrower's account, and independently by the borrower payments to borrowers who meet the stipulation of the contract transactions. I guarantee to your bank contracts and other prove of material submitted by real and effective. When in accordance with one payment, I agree with the above account with your bank loan funds that are not used for stop payment management,stop paid confirmed book records table single 13: lifted check pay notice records table single 14: personal loan ahead of repayment application accepted table Records table single 15: loan lines opened/cancellation application approval table records table single 16: qilu card award letter self loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 17: loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 18: qilu Bank loan urged received notice records table single 19: arrived (quality) bet real right proved out library listing records table single 20: housing mortgage right cancellation proved records table single 21: personal pledge loan repayment commitment letter 11. schedule Spontaneous date of promulgation of this practice, this procedure is issued prior to the implementation of the relevant provisions are inconsistent with this regulation, is subject to this regulation. The risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment of procedures by the head office. Break through the restrictions imposed by this practice, should submit file explanations authorities file explanation deemed necessary and submitted to the Head Office of the loan Review Committee for approval. Record form 1: personal loan customer conversation transcript to me given the loan applicant bank personal loan applications, according to qilu Bank personal loan interviews regulations and interviews on the following issues with the borrower and the guarantor, please respond, and ensure content authenticity. 1, your personal loan application materials must be submitted to the qilu Bank is true, otherwise you should bear the corresponding legal responsibility. In this regard, do you understand? Yes () No () 2, you apply for personal loans amounting to million of period of months, you decide to take the repayment options are: due a one-off debt (), monthly interest, to ... Qilu Bank: 有的朋友会说了，我又要小光圈，又要高速度，还要好的画质，有没有办法,当然有，用闪光灯吧。后面我们会慢慢聊这个话题。 光圈、快门速度和感光度互相制约，我们可以改变任意的参数，只要档位进行对应的加减平衡即可。 这些组合的修改方法非常有用，比如说，有时我们需要很慢的快门速度和大景深，以拍摄到小溪流水丝绸一样的效果，此时可以使用小光圈和低感光度;有时我们想让人像后面的背景虚化以突出人物，此时我们需要很大的光圈和高速快门;而在拍摄体育运动时，想让主体清晰，又想用高速度凝固住人的动作，此时我们就需要小光圈加上高速度，将感光度提高;有的人手抖，拍摄不出清晰锐利的画面，利用提高感光度和加大光圈的方法将快门速度提上去，就可以克服手抖带来的模糊现象。 有时我也在怀疑，我是不是很罗嗦,这里还要说一句，以上这些知识都成立于常亮光下，如果有闪光灯参与其中，我们还需要学习瞬间光与常亮光结合的知识，这是后话。再罗嗦一句:闪光灯很重要，记着看续集哟,, I signed with the Bank of the qilu Bank loan contract (contract) conventions, and I use scheme, I would request the loans (in words) until I opened personal settlement account with your Bank (account), uses loan for 。 Loan operation, business unit name: account number: loan funds from these personal settlement account into the account of a payment. Loans in accordance with the following payment methods to pay. One, lender trustee payment. Delegate qilu Bank loan funds of the borrower to meet the stipulation of the contract the following borrowers, counterparties, commitment funds, regulatory compliance, legal, and willing to take the pay disputes, loss and other consequences of the delegate. Payee account number Bank name amount purpose II, borrowers own payment methods. Qilu Bank according to the borrower's withdrawal request to loan funds disbursed directly to the borrower's account, and independently by the borrower payments to borrowers who meet the stipulation of the contract transactions. I guarantee to your bank contracts and other prove of material submitted by real and effective. When in accordance with one payment, I agree with the above account with your bank loan funds that are not used for stop payment management,stop paid confirmed book records table single 13: lifted check pay notice records table single 14: personal loan ahead of repayment application accepted table Records table single 15: loan lines opened/cancellation application approval table records table single 16: qilu card award letter self loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 17: loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 18: qilu Bank loan urged received notice records table single 19: arrived (quality) bet real right proved out library listing records table single 20: housing mortgage right cancellation proved records table single 21: personal pledge loan repayment commitment letter 11. schedule Spontaneous date of promulgation of this practice, this procedure is issued prior to the implementation of the relevant provisions are inconsistent with this regulation, is subject to this regulation. The risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment of procedures by the head office. Break through the restrictions imposed by this practice, should submit file explanations authorities file explanation deemed necessary and submitted to the Head Office of the loan Review Committee for approval. Record form 1: personal loan customer conversation transcript to me given the loan applicant bank personal loan applications, according to qilu Bank personal loan interviews regulations and interviews on the following issues with the borrower and the guarantor, please respond, and ensure content authenticity. 1, your personal loan application materials must be submitted to the qilu Bank is true, otherwise you should bear the corresponding legal responsibility. In this regard, do you understand? Yes () No () 2, you apply for personal loans amounting to million of period of months, you decide to take the repayment options are: due a one-off debt (), monthly interest, to ... Qilu Bank: