2010-2011高考复读班

2010-2011高考复读班 高考内容解析 高考英语内容分为听力、基础知识运用、阅读理解、可控制性写作。而基础知识运用就是对高中英语所涉及到的语法的全面考查。 英语语法共分为两大部分:词法和句法 (一)词法 英语共有十大词类,它们的定义和例词见下表 词定义 考察点 类 名 词 表示人或事物的名称的‎‎词 词义辨析、物质名称和抽象名词的具体化、可数与 不可数、名词所有格 冠 词 冠词的基本用法、冠词的位置、固定搭配 冠词于名词前说明名次含,义的词 代 词 代替名词或名词所有格‎‎的词 简单/复合不定代词、替代词用法、全部肯定/否定和 部分否定、it用法、习惯搭配 数 词 表示数目或顺序的词 分数/百分数/倍数表达法、dozen/score/hundred/thous and用法 动 词 表示动作或状态的词 连系动词用法、高频动词辨析 形容词 表示人物或事物的性质‎‎、特征的词 可修饰原级/比较级/最高级的副词、无比较级/最高级 形式的词、本身具比较级最高级意义/的词 副 词 表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质‎‎可修饰原级/比较级/最高级的副词 的程度的词 连 词 连接词与词、词组与词组、句子与并列连词和从属连词(注意逗号) 句子的词 介 词 用于名词或代词之前，表示该词与注意固定搭配 其它词的关系的词 感叹词 表示说话时的情感的词 oh, ah, well, why (二)句法 句法包括句子成份(主语、谓语、宾语等)，句子类别(按功能分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句;按结构分为两类:简单句和复合句。(复合句包括:定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句。)主要内容见下表: 句法内考察点 容 时态语八大时态的基本用法及特殊用法、主动形式表被动意义 态 动词短动介短语和动副短语的‎‎区别 语 情态动情态动词基本用法、情态动词表“推测”用法、情态动词在一般疑问句‎‎中问与答、 词 虚拟语虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用、虚拟语气在定语从句/状语从句/名词性从句的应用 气 省略与倒装 to的省略、to代表整个不定式的‎‎省略、交际用语中的省略现象‎‎、to的保留、助动词的保 留、部分倒装和完全倒装 主谓一主谓一致的三原则:语法一致，意义一致(就远一致)，就近一致 致 1 独立成独立主格结构 分 非谓语动词 非谓语动词的句法功能‎‎、v-ing和不定式做状语‎‎宾语及宾补/的用法比较\v-ing 和v-ed及不 定式做定语的‎‎用法比较 复合定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句 句 交际用购物，看病;打电话，就餐;致谢，道歉;祝贺，祝愿;同意，不同意;提供，接受或 语 拒绝时的常用语‎‎ 高考英语面表达高分策略:从遣词，造句，谋篇三个方面分析。 遣词的原则:使用高等级词汇及短语, 如果仅仅记住几个简单基础的词汇,而且一味的重复低水平的英语知识点,还远远没有达到大学的入学。这就要求考生在平时的训练和考试当中，有意识的强化“复杂，高级”这两个概念，使自己的作文能力区别于普通学生的作文，使自己一下子就站在一个比别人高的位置上，充分显示自己的实力。平时学习过程中注意总结各种各样的词汇。以描述人物的词汇为例:表达人物爱憎感情: like, love, be interested in, befondof…hate, dislike, be tired of, lose interestin…happy, excited, pleased, satisfied, angry, sad, worried, disappointed, terrified, mad, frightened… 介绍人物的影响及人们对人的评价: He became famous for his new theory. The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader. We regard Li Fei as our model. Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit. People spoke highly of him and all respected him. 常见描述人物性格，外貌和身体状况等的词语 good-looking /funny-looking /strong-looking /ugly-looking /dirty-looking /ordinary-looking /blue-eyed /white-eyed /warm-hearted /light-hearted /kind-hearted /absent-minded /tall /short /beautiful /pretty /lovely /naughty/ be blind /lame in /be in good or poor condition/ healthy/ fine/ well /strong-tempered /bad-tempered /near-sighted /far-sighted /foolish /stupid /silly /clever /smart /wise /bright / diligent /intelligent /lazy /hard working, etc. 造句的原则:句式多变，语法活用，句子是表达一个完整意思的最小当位，所以造句能力在英文写作中是非常重要的。好的英语句子能够生动，形象，准确的表达内容。所以要想写出漂亮的书面表达，必须从写好句子开始。 英语基本句型 (一)主语+谓语 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 ????????????????????????????????? ?S?V(不及物动词) ? ?———————————————?———————————————? ?1. Thesun?wasshining. ? ?2.Themoon?rose.? ?3. The universe?remains. ? ?4.Weall?breathe, eat, and drink. ? ?5. Who?cares? ? ?6. Whathesaid?doesnotmatter. ? ?7. They?talked for half an hour. ? ?8. Thepen?writes smoothly ? 1. 太阳在照耀着。 2. 月亮升起了。 3. 宇宙长存。 4. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. 管它呢, 6. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. 这支笔书写流利。 2 The sun rises up in the east and sets in the west. We get up early every morning. The meeting lasted 2 hours. This kind of wine drinks well and sells well. The suit wears well. Glass breaks easily. (二)主语+系动词+形容词. 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份 或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连 系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 ????????????????????????????????? ?S?V(是系动词)?P? ?———————?———————?———————————————? ?1. This?is?anEnglish-Chinese dictionary.? ?2. The dinner?smells?good.? ?3.He?fell?inlove.? ?4. Everything ?looks ?different. ? ?5. He?isgrowing?tallandstrong. ? ?6. The trouble?is?thattheyare short of money. ? ?7.Ourwell?hasgone?dry.? ?8. Hisface?turned?red.? ????????????????????????????????? 1. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. 午餐的气味很好。 3. 他堕入了情网。 4. 一切看来都不同了。 5. 他长得又高又壮。 6. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. 我们的井干枯了。 8. 他的脸红了。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed. Your explanation sounds reasonable. (三)主语+谓语+直接宾语 . 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟 有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 ????????????????????????????????? ?S?V(及物动词)?O? ?———————?———————?———————————————? ?1. Who?knows ?theanswer? ? ?2. She?smiled?herthanks. ? ?3. He?hasrefused?tohelpthem.? ?4. He?enjoys?reading. ? ?5.They?ate?whatwasleftover.? ?6.He?said?"Good morning." ? ?7.I?want?tohaveacupoftea.? ?8. He?admits?thathewasmistaken. ? ???????????????????????????????? 1. 谁知道答案, 2. 她微笑表示感谢。 3. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。 4. 他喜欢看书。 5. 他们吃了剩饭。 6. 他说:“早上好～”7.我想喝杯茶。 8. 他承认犯了错误。 3 I want your promise. Have your fixed my watch? This factory produces 1000 cars a week. (四)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作 的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往 被省略。 ????????????????????????????????? ?S?V(及物)?o(多指人) ?O(多指物) ? ?————?—————?———————?————————————? ?1. She?ordered?herself?anewdress. ? ?2. She?cooked?herhusband?adelicious meal. ? ?3. He?brought?you?adictionary. ? ?4. He?denies?her?nothing. ? ?5. I?showed?him?mypictures. ? ?6.I?gave?mycar?awash.? ?7.I?told?him?thatthebuswaslate.? ?8. He?showed?me?howtorunthemachine. ? ????????????????????????????????? 1. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 2. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。 3. 他给你带来了一本字典。 4. 他对她什么都不拒绝。 5. 我给他看我的照片。 6. 我洗了我的汽车。 7. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 8. 他教我开机器。 He paid me a visit yesterday. He owed me 50 yuan. He wrote his family a letter yesterday. (五)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还 不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 ????????????????????????????????? ?S?V(及物)?O(宾语) ?C(宾补) ? ?————?—————?———————?————————————? ?1. They?appointed?him?manager. ? 名词 ?2. They?painted?thedoor?green. ? 形容词 ?3. This?set?them?thinking. ? 现在分词 ?4. They?found ?thehouse ?deserted. ? 过去分词 ?5. What?makes ?him?think so? ? ?6.We?saw?him?out.? 副词 ?7. He?asked ?me?tocomebacksoon.? 带to的不定式 ?8 I often hear her sing the song. ????????????????????????????????? 1. 他们任命他当经理。 2. 他们把门漆成绿色。 3. 这使得他们要细想一想。 4. 他们发现那房子无人居住。 5. 他怎么会这样想, 6. 我们送他出去。 7. 他要我早点回来。 8. 我经常听她唱歌。 I will get someone to repair the recorder for you. 4 Ididn’tmeantohurtyou. He invited me to teach at a well-known university. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (do) . 主语+谓语+宾语+现在分词. I heard her singing in the next room. We could feel our heats beating fast. Did you observe the birds flying around the trees? 主语+谓语+宾语+过去分词. I must have my watch repaired. We must get he task finished on time. Speak louder to make yourself understood by everybody. 主语+谓语+宾语(动名词) . I suggested putting off the meeting. They all avoided mentioning the matter. Wecan’thelplaughing at the news. 主语+谓语+宾语(不定式). Ican’tafford to buy such a large house. Don’tpretendtoknowwhatyoudon’t. He feared to speak in her presence. 主语+谓语+宾语(名词/代词)+介词+宾语. Nothing can prevent us from going forward. Thank you for your help. He demanded an answer from me. 但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的 成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而 加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词)，也可以是 各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五为例: We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。 高考英语热点动词 动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点，在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。 一、连系动词类 连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种: 1(变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall等。 2(感觉类表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。 3(状态类表事物所处的状态，如keep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。 4(外表特征类表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, look等。连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如feel, get, become, grow等)外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如:The mixture is tasted terrible.(误) The mixture tastes terrible(正) 5 Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in.(误) Jim pretended to fall /be asleep when his mother came in.(正) I'm feeling much better than ever before. It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall. 【高考例题】 (1) ---Do you like the material? ---Yes, it ____ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 辨析对于动词feel 、tear、write等一些动词，如果表示物体本身材料特征，用主动表被动。所以答案选C (2) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 辨析:stay 是作系动词来用，表示事物状态。所以答案选B (3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating (4) Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ____ run over by a car. A. have B. get C. become D. turn (5) Happy birthday, Alice. So you have ____ twenty-one already. A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed (6) Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to ____ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change (7) 0n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she ____ pale. A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared (8) The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt (9) Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ____ poor. A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues (10) I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes Key: CBCBB ACBBB) 二、感官动词类 常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。 1(后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。 I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it. When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win. 2(后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。 Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast. 3(后接V-ed形式表被动意义。 After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed. Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 【高考例题】 (1) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 6 辨析:根据固定搭配 see sb do sth / see sth done 本题中plan是that引导的定语从句中的先行词，做see的宾语。所以答案选C。 (2) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 辨析:在本题中，有一个固定搭配find sb doing 发现某人正在作某事。此时是被动时态，某人被发现正在做某事。所以答案选B。 (3) The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play (4) The salesman scolded the girl who was caught ____ and let her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C .to steal D. stealing (5) He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting (Key: CBADD) 三、使役动词类 表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词， 如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况: 1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使,让某人,某物做某事”。 Don't make him do it if he doesn't want to. If you have any problems, just let me know. 在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中. He was made to apologize to the guest. 2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。 I'm sorry to keep you waiting for so long. Why do you have him worrying about his lessons? 3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。 He didn't keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired. I'll keep you informed as soon as I have the news. 【高考例题】 (1) Don't leave the water,while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 辨析:本题答案选B。leave + v-ing 表示让某物处于一种状态。“让水一直流”在你刷牙时。 (2) Laws that punish parents for their children's actions against the laws get parents,( A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry (3) ---Why did you go back to the shop?---I left my friend ____ there. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits (4) It was so cold that they kept the fire ____ all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned (5) ---Good morning, can I help you?---I'd like to have this package ____，madam. A. be weighed B. weighing C. weighed D. to weigh (6) The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____( A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard (7) As you have never been there before, I'll have someone ____ you the way. A. show B. to show C. showing D. showed 7 (8) Paul doesn't have to be made ____(He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning (9) A computer can do only what thinking people ______( A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done (10) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired (Key: BCACC DABAC) 四、含情感色彩的动词 这类动词有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，V-ing形式指人，V-ed形式则指事物。 The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears. What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it. Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit. 【高考例题】 (1) Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ____ his boss. A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports 辨析:主要考查四个单词词义，在本题中，根据句意主要是“他感觉他所做没有什么能让老板觉得满意。”故选B (2) ---I'm very ____ with my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious.---Mm, it does have a ____ smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 辨析: be pleased with sth是某人最某事某物觉得满意，觉得很开心; pleasant 是指某物属性另人觉得很舒心。选答案 D。 (3) Mr. Smith, ____ of the ____ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring (4) It is believed that if a book is____, it will surely ____ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting;be interested C. interested;be interesting D. interesting; interest (5) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home ____. A. being exhausted B. exhausted C. exhausting D. having exhausted (Key: BDADB) 五、后接不定式动词类 afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。 Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself. He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy. 【高考例题】 (1) We agreed,here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 辨析:agree to do sth 答应做某事。所以答案选C。 (2) Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening. 8 A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 辨析:首先喜欢做某事love to do sth 由题意我知道不可能是小Jim喜欢带别人去看影剧院，而是被带。所以答案选A。 (3) I don't know whether you happen,，but I'm going to study in the U S A this September. A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 辨析:happen to do sth , 碰巧做某事。所以很多同学容易直接选C。但在本题中根据题意“我准备九月份去美国”这件事发生在前。从语法上讲，用完成时态，表示更好，因为不是我说的同时你碰巧正在做某事，而是早已经听说。 (4) She pretended,me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen (5) Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told (Key: CADAD) 六、后接V-ing形式动词类 该类动词常考的有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep， mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist, risk,' stand, suggest 等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如; I don't mind waiting, but I've got to stand in the cold wind. Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan? Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English. 【高考例题】 (1) I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you're calling 辨析:appreciate 动词后面跟v-ing 作宾语，所以答案选C。 (2) While shopping, people sometimes can't help ____ into buying something they don't really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded (3) He has always insisted on his ____ Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner. A. been called B. called C. being called D. having called (4) I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time (5) Do you mind,alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Jane's being left D. Jane to be left (6) I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed (Key: CBCBCC) 七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类 remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, can't help等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表: 动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语 Remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作try 尝试做某事 努力做某事regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾mean 意味着做某事 企图(打算)做某事can't help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事go on 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事stop 中断正在做的事情中断正在做的事去做别的事 例如: 9 I remember being paid, but I've forgotten the exact amount. Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me. I don't really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards. 【高考例题】 (1)---The light in the office is still on. ---Oh, I forgot ______. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 辨析:forget to do sth忘记去做某事;forget ding sth 忘记做过某事。而这里从所给的信息我们可以看出灯还亮着，说明没有关，是说话人忘记关了。所以答案选C。 (2) ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ______ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 辨析:同上题一样。Regret to do sth 和 regret doing sth 不一样，意思有所不同，Regret to do sth 遗憾去做某事regret doing sth后悔做过某事。在这里说话人所表达的意思是后悔那样做。 (3) She can't help,the house because she's busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned (4) ---1 usually go there by train. ---Why not _____ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going (5) ---Let me tell you something about the journalists.---Don't you remember,me the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C .to tell D. to have told (6) The library needs ____, but I'll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. being cleaned D. clean (7) 1n some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting (8) She reached the top of the hill and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. resting B. to have rested C. rested D. to rest (9) Go on ____ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing Key: BDADB RADA) 八、进行时态表将来意义动词类 这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。例如: When are going off to for Shanghai? Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month. 【高考例题】 I've won a holiday for two to Florida. I ____ my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken 辨析:在这里要用到将来时。很多同学很想选D。但是在这里我门从题中可以看出说话人还没有去，是准备去，所以不能用将来完成时。而现在进行时态可以表示将来。所以选A。 (2) ---What were you doing when he came to see you? ---I had just put on my overcoat and _____ visit a friend. A. leaving B. was left C. left D .was leaving (3) ---What were you doing when Tony phoned you,---I had just finished my work and _____ to take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting (Key: ADD) 10 九、主动表被动动词类 英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况: 1(某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词，副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。 This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 2(某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open(打开，营业)，close(关门)，shut(关闭)，cut(切割)，weigh重), act(上演)等。 The door won't shut. This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons. 3(某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out(出版)，come up(出现)，come into being(产生)come to one's mind想起)，turn out(证明是)，come about(发生)，break out姆发)，belong to (属于)等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。 The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you. 【高考例题】 (1) The evening news comes on at seven o'clock and ____ only thirty minutes. A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts (2) ---Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?---No, dear. They don't _____ well. Put them in the fridge instead. A. keep B. fit C. get D. last (3) Books of this kind _____ well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D .is sold (key: DAA) 十、虚拟语气动词类insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request,demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)，动词原形”。 The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules. The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year. 【高考例题】 (1) ---How do you _____ we go to Beijing for our holidays.---I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable. A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest (2) Jane's pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; haveC. should be; had D. was; has (3) _____ sent to work here? A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should (Key: DBA) 十一、省略替代类 believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like/ love, be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如: ---Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to? ---Yes, I ,think so. 11 --Will you be able to come to my birthday party? ---I'd love to, but I'm too busy. 注意:believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe (think, suppose guess) not，也可以说I don't believe (think, suppose guess) so，但用hope, expect, be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope (expect) not以及I'm afraid not, 【高考例题】 (1) ---I believe we've met somewhere before. ---No, ______. A. it isn't the same B. it can't be true C. I don't think so D. I'd rather not 辨析:在本题中，我们知道在believe /think/ expect/hope„等词的简略答语中可以用so代替上句的内容。肯定句中，用的句型是I believe /think /hope /„so; I don’t believe /think /hope /„so; I believe /think /hope /„not.所以答案选C。 (2) ---The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?---________. A. I guess not so B. I don't guess C. I don't guess it D. I guess not (3) ---Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?---______. A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not(Key: CDD) 十二、否定转移类think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。 I don't think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work. He doesn't think Tom will make an excellent player. 当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如:I don't think there is anything else I need, is there? He doesn't believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he? 【高考例题】 (1) I don't suppose anyone will volunteer, _____, A. do I B. don't I C. will they D. won't they 辨析:在否定前移的句子里。反意疑问要和从句中的主语保持一致，所以答案选C (2) Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera,____, A. is he B. isn't he C. doesn't she D. does she (Key: C D) 十三、带介词to的动词短语类 这类短语有be (get) used to, lead to, devote„to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用V-ing形式。例如: I've got used to driving in all kinds of weather. As soon as she returned home from abroad, she got down to preparing supper for children. 注意区分介词to与不定式符号to He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left. (used to表“过去常常”,to为不定式符号，be used to 表“习惯于”,to为介词) I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.〔look forward to意思是“盼望，期待”，to为介词。) He looked forward to see what was happening. (look forward意为“向前看”，to see是不定式作目的状语。) 【高考例题】 (1) Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children. 12 A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 辨析:在此句中很多同学容易误选A。但答案应该是B。因为此题考固定搭配devote „to doing sth 在这个短语中to是介词，所以要跟名词或则动名词。 (2) The discovery of new evidence led to _____. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught (3) She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walking D. walking in (Key: BCD) 十四、瞬间(非延续性动词)类 这类动词常考的有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, marry, employ, graduate等。瞬间(非延续性动词)表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的for/ since短语或since从句连用。例如: He has come here for three years.(误) He has been here for three years.(正) It is three years since he came here.(正) 【高考例题】 (1) It's ten years since the scientist _____ his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical. A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up (2) My uncle ____ until he was forty-five. A. married B. didn't married C. was not marrying D. would marry (3) ---_____ David and Vicky _____ married? ---For about three years. A. How long were; being B. How long have; got C. How long have; been D. How long did; get (4) ---How long ______ at this job? ---Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed (5) When Jack arrived he learned Mary ____ for almost an hour. A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away (6) They _____ friends since they met in Shanghai. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned (Key: BBCBDC) 十五、计划未能实现类intend, mean, hope, wish, plan, expect, think, want, suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。 1(该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。 I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift. I had panned to call on you, but I was too busy to get away. 2(该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的 I'd like to have arrive on time, but I was caught on the traffic jam. 【高考例题】 (1) ---You should have thanked her before you left. ---I meant _____, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so (2) ---Why haven't you bought any butter? ---I ____ to but I forgot about it. A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected (3) I would love _____ the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 13 (4) ---Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?---I _____, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did (Key: BCBC) 谋篇的原则:满分作文都有个共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。文章的连贯性和紧凑感是很重要的。句子作为最小的表达意思的语言当位如果只是被随意的整合，是无法达到有效表达的目的。常见的句子之间的连接手段有:使用代词指代上一句中的名词重复使用上一句中的词使用连接词使用平行结构 高考大纲中常用的连接词: 表并列补充关系的: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition, 表转折对比关系的: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, notonly…butalso, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…thelatter, then…now, the first…whereas the second,once…now,ontheonehand…onthe other hand, some…others, 表因果关系的: since, as, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, 表条件关系的: if, on the condition (that), as long as, unless, or else, 表时间关系的: when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century, after an interval, now, after, presently, later, afterward, somewhat later, finally, at last, all of a sudden, 表特定的顺序关系: above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next, finally, in the end, at last, 表换一种方式表达: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way, 表进行举例说明: for instance, for example, like, such as, 表陈述事实: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth 表总结: on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion, in osing, in summary. 高考英语作文旨在考查学生英语的综合运用能力，是对学生英语输出能力的一项考察，所以如何提高英语写作的水平显得尤为重要。在我的授课中，第一次课就会强调高考高分作文的，这是学生应该具备的起码概念，有的放矢才能有效提高成绩。要在80-120个英语单词的作文中写出精彩其实只要多加训练，增强得分词汇和句型的积累，拿到25分绝对不是一件难事。下面告诉大家怎样五步提高高考英语作文，这是根据高考大纲所总结提炼的。 第一步，写作的内容，要求做到两点— 内容完整、相关。这两点只要考生不粗心，基本都能做到。比如2006年陕西考区的题目，要求写暑假的安排，是一篇正反观点类的议论文。必须注意题目的要求，第一要提出讨论话题，Recently there has been a heated discussion about what the students should do during the summer vacation.(这是一个经典的模版开篇句型)。 第二要写出一方面的观点，然后是另一方面的观点，最后提出自己的看法，根据要求缺一不可，否则就会被扣掉相应的分数，这就是完整。再比如，2005年广东考区的成语寓言故事，不仅要描写整个守株待兔的过程，还应该根据要求点名寓意，否则也是不完整，这点只要在课堂上强调，学生是很容易做到的。所谓相关，也就是不要过多出现文中没有的信息，不能过分发挥，一般学生犯此类错误的较少。 第二步，写作中的语法。在高考阅卷中，一般三个小的语法错误会被扣掉一分，一个大的语法错误(关于谓语的错误)会被扣掉一分。所以，学生应该尽量避免犯语法错误。我在课堂中会强调，对于语法基础薄弱的同学，除了加强自己的语法功底外，就是去背诵我给出的40个最高频用到的句法结构。这些结构不仅正确，而且一定是高考中的有效得分点，即使语法偏弱，记住这些句子然后在考试中使用也能避免学生自己造句中的语法错误，一举两得。比如，倒装句在考试中就很少有同学主动启用，但是一旦正确启用就会收到意想不到的效果，所以我会给出四组倒装句，然后让学生加强运用和练习。这些句子包括: 1、Only when we realize the importance of environmental protection, can we solve the problem of pollution. 14 2、So preciousistimethatwecan’tafford to waste it. 3、Diligent as he was, he failed in passing the exam. 4、By no means should teenagers get into the habit of smocking. 第三步，连接词的运用，使文章连贯、流畅。我把这些词分为8类，叫做“畅词”，往往学生由于中西方语言的差异，会忽视这一点，所以在授课中会通过大量的练习巩固和加强学生的印象。而且不仅要写，还写出高水平的畅词，因为高考是选拔性考试，要做到“人无我有,人有我优”。比如，“首先”这个表示次序的畅词，一般同学一定想到的是firstly 或者first of all。可是我建议学生启用to begin with, 或者initially (这个是建议水平较好的启用)。“然而”，绝大部分启用but, however，我建议学生采用 on the contrary 或者 oppositely。 第四步，也是整个课程的核心部分，要强化“复杂、高级”两个概念。为什么是核心呢,因为学生在这一部分没有正确的认识，在平时的学习中老师也没有有意识灌输和训练总结。大部分学生以为只要写出来、写正确就可以拿到高分，其实80-120个单词包括大概10个句子，如果全部是简单的词汇和句型没有办法达到最高档作文的要求。因此，我们强调高级的词汇和高级复杂的句型，不是说全部必须高级，而是必须出现一些才能符合高考作文大纲的要求。例如: 1、词组优先原则。如: [原文]A new railway is being built in my hometown. [修正]A new railway is under construction in my hometown. 2、地道原则。如: [原文]Through traveling, I learned a lot of knowledge. [修正]Through traveling, I gained\obtained a lot of knowledge. 3、避免重复原则。如: [原文]I like reading while my brother likes watching television. [修正]I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television. 4、后高长原则—后学到、较高级、较长词汇。 原 词 替换词 hard diligently very rather\ extremely pay attention to attach importance to happy delighted\ enjoyable more and more the increasing number of \ increasingly 第五步，书写和卷面。这点其实很重要，高考阅卷是扫面然后在电脑阅卷，所以书写和卷面显得尤为重要。这点也是学生自己多加注意就可以做好，标准很简单:clean and clear。 高考英语写作，只要有意识地科学训练是可以快速有效提高的，比其他部分的提高会花到更短的时间。希望所有考生能够按照这五步的方法来书写自己的高考作文，同时坚持下去用同样的坚毅去书写自己美好的人生。 英语作文--文章的开头一篇文章通常可分为三个部分，即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分安排是否得体，直接影响到文章的质量。 文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下于引起读者的兴趣。 作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种: 1(开门见山，揭示主题 文章一开头，，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“HowISpent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头是: I Spent my last vacation happily( 下面是题为"Honesty"(谈诚实)一文中的开头: Honesty is one of the best virtues(An honest man is always trusted and respected(On the contrary, one who 15 tells lies is regarded as a "liar"，and is looked upon by honest people( 2(交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头 在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如"A Trip to Jinshan" (去金山旅游)的开头: The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us. 3. 回忆性的开头 用回忆的方法来开头。例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"(泰山游)的开头是: I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4(概括性的开头 即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“TheHappiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头: People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5(介绍环境式的开头 即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“AnAccident”(一场事故)的开头是: It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner. 6(交待写作目的的开头。 在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如 "Pollution Control" (控制污染)的开头: In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. 英语作文--文章的结尾 文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。 文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种: 1(首尾呼应，画龙点睛 在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如"I Cannot Forget Her" (我忘不了她)的结尾: After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people. 2(重复主题句 结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“ILoveMyHomeTown”(我爱家乡)的结尾: I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland. 3. 自然结尾 随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾: I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late. 4(含蓄性的结尾 用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“ADayofHarvesting”(收割的日子)的结尾: Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile. 5(用反问结尾 16 虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。如 "Should We Learn to Do Housework?" (我们要不要学做家务?) 的结尾。 Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree, boys and girls? 6(指明方向，激励读者 结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如“Let'sGoin for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾: As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports. 文章的结尾没有一定的模式，可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是，一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法;但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。 高考作文中出现频率最高的警句 A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真正的朋友。 Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩 All is not gold that glitters.闪光的不一定都是金子 An idle youth， a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲 Bitter pills may have wholesome effects.良药苦口 Do wrong once and you"ll never hear the end of it.一失足成千古恨 Every cloud has a silver lining.守得云开见月明 Every man has his fault.人孰无过 First come， first served.捷足先登 Haste makes waste.欲速则不达 Honesty is the best policy.诚实至上 In fair weather prepare for foul.未雨绸缪 Knowledge is power.知识就是力量 Let bygones be bygone.既往不究 Look before you leap.三思而后行 Man proposes， God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天 Money talks.金钱万能 No gains without pains.吃得苦中苦方为人上人 17