《学年论文_布洛芬的合成研究》

《学年论文_布洛芬的合成研究》 布洛芬的合成研究 引言 布洛芬为新一代非甾体消炎镇痛药物，具有比阿司匹林更强的解热、消炎和镇痛作用，副作用则比阿司匹林小得多。因此自上世纪70年代末上市以来，以其疗效高, 副作用小为特点而而获得了迅速发展，现已成为生产量和使用量最大的消炎解热镇痛药之一。1987年，它在全部解热镇痛消炎药物的23亿美元销售额中占18%的份额。1993年上升至30%以上。目前，全世界布洛芬的总产量为8000吨左右。 布洛芬 化学名为:2一[4/一(3//—甲基丙基)一苯基]一丙酸，或2一(4一异丁基苯基)丙酸，又名异丁苯丙酸、拔怒风，又称异丁洛芬。分子式为 C13H18O2，分子量为 206.28。它是一种白色结晶状粉末，稍有特异臭，几乎无味，在乙醇、丙酮、氯仿或乙醚中易溶，在水中几乎不溶，在NaOH和Na2CO3溶液中易溶，熔点为74.5?-77.5?，沸点为157?。 Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 布洛芬的合成研究 摘要:布洛芬(ibuprofen)，为新一代非甾体消炎镇痛药物，具有比阿司匹林更强的解热、消炎和镇痛作用，副作用则比阿司匹林小得多。本文从它的作用机理，应用现状，制备方法，以及发展前景等方面做了简要综述。 关键字:非甾体消炎镇痛药物 布洛芬 合成 羰基化 绿色化学 ook innting the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" lok series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implemeng boSession of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpithe overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary owing implementation opinions.First,roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the foll-onths, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grasso 99 mhe city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January tployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in tied deOpinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unifIIleapfrog development.omote y, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to pral undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policulturof market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of c ledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the needquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce know-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-t the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of highet. Aion, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the markof the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competit of cadres and workersowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -ocial investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the swin principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation-utual benefit, seeking wint, meffective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trus of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, ursuitthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pg, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakanninuse of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful pl um to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of themaxim et The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, theficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, streng diflaw enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, somethicus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of avy foide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the hey performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guof kesolving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres he style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus onove tuxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to imprto solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy l entionul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attp and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaershiion practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadempty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's educat is notoperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice or, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cothe dore attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open tive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay moo posiass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere tities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mactiv ts, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community educationres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window uniwith step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cad roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice-ganizations, social organizations and other grasspublic economic or-under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non nty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departmentse couhe building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of thhonest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of t close,mbers and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to agance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party meextrav, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful ions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses lawrovisand < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal p dation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulationsfoun heme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, thethe mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the t 布洛芬合成研究 目录 第一章 前言 ......................................................1 第二章 作用机理 .................................................1 第三章 布洛芬生产现状及其存在问............................1 第四章 布洛芬的合成 ............................................2 4.1转位重排法........................................................................................................................................................ 2 4.2醇羰基化法........................................................................................................................................................ 3 4.3烯烃羰基化法 ................................................................................................................................................. 4 4.4卤代烃羰基化法 ........................................................................................................................................... 4 4.5烯烃催化加氢法 ........................................................................................................................................... 5 4.6环氧丙烷重排法 ........................................................................................................................................... 6 4.7对异丁基苯乙烯手性羰化 .................................................................................................................. 7 第五章 结束语 ...................................................7 Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unifieIII d deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 布洛芬合成研究 第一章 前言 1964 年英国的 Nicholson 等人最早合成了布洛芬，其他各国也逐渐对布洛芬展开研究，英国的布茨药厂首先获得专利权并投入生产。在最初的生产过程中，由于生产工艺落后，导致布洛芬的生产成本高，产量低，企业规模受到很大限制。直到20世纪80年代后期，随着羧基化法和1，2-转位法等布洛芬新工艺的出现，布洛芬的生产成本大大降低，企业的规模也越来越大。目前，德国的巴斯夫公司，美国的Albemarle 公司和乙基公司都具有庞大的生产规模。他们分别具有自己的核心技术，选择合适的工艺，从而具有经济效益和规模优势。近十多年来，由于政府扶持，印度的医药工业发展迅速。印度的 Sumitra 公司和 Cheminor 公司的生产规模也达到上述西方国家大公司的水平， 而且由于印度的劳动力价格低廉，使得生产成本较低。印度低价格的布洛芬大量出口，大大冲击了全球的布洛芬市场。 第二章 作用机理 其作用机制是通过对环氧酶的抑制而减少对前列腺素的合成，因此减轻因前列腺素引起的组织充血、肿胀、降低周围神经痛觉的敏感性。临床上布洛芬广泛应用于风湿性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等关节肿痛症状，其毒副作用较小，长期服用，一般病人的耐受性良好，很多国家都将其列为非处方药物。因此自上世纪 70 年代末上市以来，获得了迅速发展， 现已成为生产量和使用量最大的消炎解热镇痛药之一，目前全球的年产量已超万吨。 第三章 布洛芬生产现状及其存在问题 对于布洛芬这种医药结晶产品而言，质量的好坏对产品能否在国际市场竞争中占据有利地位往往起着重要的作用。目前，国内布洛芬同国外同类产品相比存在着晶形不好、颗粒不均匀等质量方面的差距。国内生产企 1 Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 业所使用的落后结晶技术与设备，一方面导致产品质量差，另一方面导致生产成本居高不下，使得国内布洛芬产品难以与国外产品相竞争，导致在国内市场和中国外的布洛芬产品占主导地位，如中美史可公司的布洛芬制剂占据了中国的70%的市场份额。如今我国已经加入 WTO，要改变这种现状，就必须对结晶及装置进行改进，从而生产出高质量的布洛芬结体产品。有关其工艺改进和新工艺、 拆分或不对称合成获得其手性体、 其衍生物 [1-2]以及各种制剂的研究报道层出不穷。 第四章 布洛芬的合成 4.1转位重排法 芳基 1,2-转位重排法是目前国内厂家普遍采用的一种合成方法。以异丁苯为原料，经与2-氯丙酰氯的傅克酰化、与新以异丁苯为原料，经与氯丙酰氯的傅克酰化、氯丙酰氯的傅克酰化戊二醇的催化缩酮化、催化重排、水解等制得布洛芬。戊二醇的催化缩酮化、催化重排、水解等制得布洛芬。优点是操作简单稳定，时间较短。其化学反应是为: 李兴泰等对傅克酰化进行了研究， 以无水三氯化铝与 2-氯丙酰氯在无溶剂条件下 20,40 ?反应产生活性络合物， 然后 15,30 ?滴加异丁苯进行酰化，反应结束再加入石油醚，便于分层、水洗及下一步缩酮时带[3]水。 该工艺的优点为:避免了酰化时以石油醚作溶剂其中所含微量芳烃 dation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulationsfoun heme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, thethe mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the t ook innting the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" lok series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implemeng boSession of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpithe overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary owing implementation opinions.First,roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the foll-onths, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grasso 99 mhe city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January tployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in tied deOpinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unif2leapfrog development.omote y, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to pral undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policulturof market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of c ledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the needquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce know-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-t the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of highet. Aion, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the markof the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competit of cadres and workersowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -ocial investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the swin principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation-utual benefit, seeking wint, meffective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trus of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, ursuitthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pg, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakanninuse of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful pl um to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of themaxim et The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, theficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, streng diflaw enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, somethicus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of avy foide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the hey performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guof kesolving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres he style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus onove tuxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to imprto solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy l entionul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attp and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaershiion practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadempty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's educat is notoperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice or, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cothe dore attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open tive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay moo posiass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere tities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mactiv ts, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community educationres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window uniwith step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cad roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice-ganizations, social organizations and other grasspublic economic or-under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non nty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departmentse couhe building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of thhonest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of t close,mbers and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to agance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party meextrav, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful ions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses lawrovisand < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal p 布洛芬合成研究 杂质所带来的副产物， 或使用二氯乙烷作溶剂时所带来的毒性和溶剂残留问题，避免了传统工艺使用冷冻盐水的要求，降低了能耗和设备腐蚀等。 石文平等将固体超强酸用于缩酮化反应，代替传 [4]统的硫酸或对甲苯磺酸，取得了较好的效果。 作者给出了催化剂的最佳制备条件和缩酮反应的最佳条件。催化剂不仅活性很高，而且重复使用性能良好。舒瑞友对重排反应进行了研究， 以布洛芬锌替代原工艺中的氧化锌为催化剂， 使重排反应成为均相液体回流反应，反应温度降低，时间缩短，操作更简单稳定，粗品布洛芬颜色为类白色，同时还报道了布洛芬锌 [5]的制备方法。 4.2醇羰基化法 醇羰基化法即 BHC 法 ，以异丁苯为原料 ，经与乙酰氯的傅克酰化、 催化加氢还原和催化羰基化 3步反应制得布洛芬 ，优点为反应速率快，为目前最先进的工艺路线 ，为国外多数厂家所采用 。其化学反应是为: Manimaran 等对经典酰化工艺进行了详尽的研究 ，发现在很低温度下如 0、-10 ? ，甚至-35 ?酰化仍很容易进行 ，但产生的异构体大为减[6]少 。乙酰氯和异丁苯冷至-30 ?以下， 少量多批加入无水三氯化铝 ，保持-30 ?以下加料和反应，冰解后产物的 GC 分析显示各物质的质量分数分别为 : 对异丁基苯乙酮 98.8% ，间位异构体 0.8% ，其他高沸杂 质 0.4%。 Chaudhari 等报道了羰基化反应在卤离子源、质子酸 、水和具有合 [7]适催化剂及有机溶剂存在下，与CO 在2 相或均相状态下反应 其中羰基化催化剂的中心金属为钯或铂， 主要配体为 8-羟基喹啉、2-羟基吡啶、 Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unifie3 d deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 2-(2-羟乙基)吡啶、吡啶-2-甲酸、哌啶-2-甲酸、喹啉-2-甲酸、异喹啉-1-甲酸和异喹啉-3-甲酸。 4.3烯烃羰基化法 早有报道芳基取代烯烃与 CO 和水或醇在钯催化剂和酸性条件下生成芳烷基羧酸或羧酸酯。 Wu报道了无氧条件下钯的催化活性可通过与某 [12]些配体的合用而增强。例如，在相同条件下，1:1 的n(Ph P): n(Ph PO) 与氯化钯合用时效果最佳 ，不仅反应速率快，转化率最高，而且几乎没有异构体 3-(4-异丁基苯基)丙酸的产生。 其化学反应是为: 4.4卤代烃羰基化法 卤代烃羰基化法以 1-对异丁基苯基-1-氯乙烷为原料 经与 CO 在催化剂和碱性条件下羰基化生成产物。 其化学反应是为: 该方法在上世纪 80 年代即有报道，催化剂一般为钴或钯的化合物，溶剂为醇类。 但有如下缺点:碱性条件下得到的一般为布洛芬盐， 需要增加酸化一步才能得到布洛芬; 卤代烃羰基化往往产生双羰基化副产物，即 4-异丁基苯基丙酮酸;具有良好选择性的反应参数的变化范围很窄。 rovisand < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal p dation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulationsfoun heme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, thethe mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the t ook innting the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" lok series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implemeng boSession of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpithe overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary owing implementation opinions.First,roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the foll-onths, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grasso 99 mhe city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January tployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in tied deOpinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unif4leapfrog development.omote y, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to pral undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policulturof market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of c ledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the needquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce know-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-t the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of highet. Aion, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the markof the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competit of cadres and workersowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -ocial investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the swin principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation-utual benefit, seeking wint, meffective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trus of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, ursuitthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pg, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakanninuse of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful pl um to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of themaxim et The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, theficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, streng diflaw enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, somethicus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of avy foide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the hey performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guof kesolving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres he style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus onove tuxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to imprto solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy l entionul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attp and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaershiion practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadempty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's educat is notoperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice or, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cothe dore attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open tive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay moo posiass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere tities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mactiv ts, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community educationres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window uniwith step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cad roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice-ganizations, social organizations and other grasspublic economic or-under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non nty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departmentse couhe building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of thhonest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of t close,mbers and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to agance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party meextrav, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful ions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law 布洛芬合成研究 Elango 报道了以钯为催化剂的酸性水溶液中的羰基化反应， 同时还报道了异丁苯与乙醛和氯化氢进行氯乙基化反应生成对异丁基苯基-1-氯乙烷的 [13]详细操作 。 典型的氯乙基化工艺如下 :异丁苯 (3 mol)和氯化锌 (1 mol)加入 1 L 反应瓶中 ，10 ? 以下 2 h 内滴入乙醛 (1 mol)与异丁苯 (0.5 mol)的混合物 ;将反应液加热至室温 ，向反应物中通氯化氢气体约 2 h ，继 续反应 6 h ;反应液加水 、分层 ，碳酸氢钠洗 、水洗 、干燥 ，蒸馏回收过量异丁苯 ，真空蒸馏得产物 。羰基化使用的催化剂如 PdCl (PPh ) ，羰基化反应转化率较高， 但布洛芬的选择性最高仅有 74%，主要副产物为异构体和聚合的重组分。 4.5烯烃催化加氢法 Chan 和 Pai 报道了利用手性配体的钌配合物催化 2-(6-甲氧基-2-萘 [14]基) 丙烯酸的加氢制备萘普生，对映体过量(ee)达 96%。 反应式如下: 也可用于 2-(4-异丁基苯基) 丙烯酸的催化加氢。作者主要研究了手性配体和催化剂的制备、催化剂的回收、氢气压力、溶剂、添加磷酸和反应温度等对反应产物光学纯度的影响。 具体的手性配体为Figure 5 中的 3,3'-联吡啶双膦化合物。姜标等报道了上述反应的前体化合物 2-芳基乳酸酯的制 [15]备方法。 重点研究了芳香烃包括异丁苯与丙酮酸甲酯或乙酯在 Lewis 酸催化 5 Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 下缩合生成 2-芳基乳酸酯的条件，包括催化剂种类、用量、反应溶剂、反应温度等，但反应要求低温如-30 ?，并且收率中等。 4.6环氧丙烷重排法 陈平等报道了一种新的布洛芬合成方法， 其中制备对异丁基苯乙酮及由 2-(4-异丁基苯基)丙醛转化为布洛芬的 2 步反应与经典的 Darzens 缩 [16]合法的相应步骤相同。 反应式如下: 对异丁基苯乙酮与硫叶立(由二甲硫醚与硫酸二甲酯反应制得)反应得 2-(对异丁基苯基)-1,2-环氧丙烷， 然后以无水氯化锌或无水氯化锡催化重排得 2-(对异丁基苯基)丙醛。专利还改进了中间体醛氧化制布洛芬的条件，以四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂，30%过氧化氢为氧化剂，收率近 90% 。 综合分析以上不同的工艺路线， 笔者认为仍以经典的 1,2-转位重排法比较适合国内生产。 醇羰基化法和烯烃羰基化法技术难度高，催化剂价昂;卤代烃羰基化法选择性低，催化剂价高，氯乙基化时易发生多烷基化和双芳基化，杂质多;烯烃加氢法虽有可分别制备消旋布洛芬和右旋布洛芬的优点， 但 2-(4-异丁基苯基) 丙烯酸需由异丁苯经 2 步反应制得，与丙酮酸酯缩合一步收率低，丙酮酸酯价格高，加氢催化剂昂贵;环氧丙烷重排法有 4 步反应，二甲硫醚污染大，工业化前景不乐观。 1,2-转位重排法虽也为 4 步反应， 但每步收率高、安全性好、重排催化剂价廉易得且无毒。 2-氯丙酰氯的供应充足，价格低廉，为该合成方法的稳定运行提供了充分的保障。 本工艺的关键是酰化时减少副产物的产 rovisand < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal p dation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulationsfoun heme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, thethe mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the t ook innting the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" lok series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implemeng boSession of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpithe overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary owing implementation opinions.First,roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the foll-onths, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grasso 99 mhe city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January tployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in tied deOpinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unif6leapfrog development.omote y, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to pral undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policulturof market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of c ledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the needquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce know-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-t the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of highet. Aion, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the markof the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competit of cadres and workersowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -ocial investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the swin principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation-utual benefit, seeking wint, meffective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trus of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, ursuitthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pg, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakanninuse of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful pl um to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of themaxim et The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, theficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, streng diflaw enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, somethicus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of avy foide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the hey performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guof kesolving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres he style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus onove tuxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to imprto solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy l entionul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attp and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaershiion practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadempty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's educat is notoperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice or, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cothe dore attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open tive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay moo posiass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere tities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mactiv ts, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community educationres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window uniwith step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cad roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice-ganizations, social organizations and other grasspublic economic or-under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non nty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departmentse couhe building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of thhonest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of t close,mbers and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to agance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party meextrav, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful ions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law 布洛芬合成研究 生，提高溶剂回收率，缩酮时最大限度提高转化率，重排平稳，回收或利用重排时副产的 3-氯-2,2-二甲基-1-丙醇， 此外若能将酰化的催化剂三氯化铝改为固体酸，则不仅能降低成本，还能减少设备腐蚀，提高操作安全性。 4.7对异丁基苯乙烯手性羰化 不对称反应用于手性药物的合成越来越为人们重视, 通过手性催化剂的不对称诱导作用, 可获得药效更高的光学活性异构体。 例如, ( S)2(+ ) [ 17]布洛芬的镇痛作用是( R)2异构体的100倍.。 因此,如何通过不对称合成来获得高立体选择性的 S 2布洛芬, 成为布洛芬合成绿色化的更高目标。关于不对称氢甲酰化的报道最先出现于1972[18]年, 其结果很不理想。 随后在此领域的研究主要集中在手性催化剂的设计和研制上。直到1983 年, 利用( S nCl2) PtCl( DBP2DIOP)催化苯乙烯进 [19]行氢甲酰化反应,才得到比较满意的光学选择性( 73% e e)。 第五章 结束语 布洛芬的合成有多种方法,但目前已实现工业化的仅有Boots法和BHC 法。BHC 工艺是迄今布洛芬生产中最为先进的技术,这一方法具有合成简单、 原子经济性高、 污染小的特点, 是典型的环境友好清洁生产工艺。今后布洛芬合成的研究和开发重点将环绕两方面进行, 一是进一步解决BHC 工艺中贵金属催化剂的分离回收问题， 如能很好地解决这一问题, BHC 工艺将更加完美。 二是通过不对称催化反应合成高光学活性的 S2布洛芬, 以实现布洛芬合成绿色化的更高目标。通过对在国内外布洛芬合成路线的比较, 可以看出目前国内合成路线存在以下不足, 合成路线较长、 生产工艺复杂、周期长、 成本高、 原子利用率低、 副产物多、 污染严重, 并存在安全隐患, 不符合绿色化学思想, 应该淘汰, 新的合成工艺值得我们推广。 Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unifie7 d deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 参考文献 [1] 于凤丽,赵玉亮,金子林. 布洛芬合成绿色化进展[J]. 有机化学, 2003,11(11): 1 198-1 204. [2] 郭莉娜,侯仲轲,陈灿,等. 不对称催化反应合成手性药物的研 究进展[J]. 精细化工中间体, 2006,36(2): 1-4,10. [3] 李兴泰,隋静,杨贤梅. 1-氯乙基-4-异丁苯酮的绿色合成工艺: 中国,1807383[P]. 006-07-26. [4] 石文平,卢旭军,李国文. SO42-/Fe2O3-ZrO2-La2O3固体超强酸 催化剂及其催化合成缩酮[J]. 精细石油化工进展,2003,4(10): 33-35,85. [5] 舒瑞友. 布洛芬产品中重排工艺改进[J]. 齐鲁药事, 2006,25(4): 242-243. [6] Manimaran T, Harkins A E. Process for producing highpurity ketones by Friedel-crafts acylation at low temperature: WO,2007044270[P]. 2007-04-19. [7] Chaudhari R V, Majeed S A, Seayad J. Process for the preparation of ibuprofen: US,6093847[P]. 2000-07-25. [8] Mott, G. N. ; Shima, K. EP 337803 , 1989 [ Chem. Abstr .1990, 112 , 234979] . [9]Jayasree, S. ; Seayad, A. ; Chaudhari, R. V. Chem. Commun.1999, 1067. [10]Jang, E. J. ; Lee, K. H. ; Lee, J. S. ; Kim, Y. G. J . Mol .Catal . A: Chem. 1999, 144 , 431. [11] Park, E. D. ; Lee, K. H. ; Lee, J. S. Catal. Today 2000,63 , 147. [12] Wu T C. Preparation of aralkanoic acids and esters usingmixed ligand catalyst: US 5902898[P]. 1999-05-11. [13] Elango V. Process for the carbonylation of arylalkyl halides:US,6555704[P]. 2003-04-29. [14] Chan A S C, Pai C C. Chiral 4,4' -bis (disubstituted -phosphino) -3,3' -bipyridines, their use in catalysts forasymmetric hydrogenation of 2 -arylpropenoic acids andpreparation thereof: GB,2332201[P]. 1999-06-16. and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal p dation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulationsfoun heme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, thethe mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the t ook innting the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" lok series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implemeng boSession of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpithe overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary owing implementation opinions.First,roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the foll-onths, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grasso 99 mhe city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January tployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in tied deOpinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unif8leapfrog development.omote y, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to pral undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policulturof market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of c ledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the needquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce know-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-t the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of highet. Aion, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the markof the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competit of cadres and workersowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -ocial investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the swin principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation-utual benefit, seeking wint, meffective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trus of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, ursuitthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pg, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakanninuse of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful pl um to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of themaxim et The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, theficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, streng diflaw enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, somethicus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of avy foide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the hey performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guof kesolving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres he style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus onove tuxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to imprto solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy l entionul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attp and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaershiion practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadempty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's educat is notoperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice or, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cothe dore attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open tive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay moo posiass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere tities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mactiv ts, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community educationres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window uniwith step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cad roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice-ganizations, social organizations and other grasspublic economic or-under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non nty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departmentse couhe building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of thhonest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of t close,mbers and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to agance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party meextrav, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful ions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses lawrovis 布洛芬合成研究 [15] 姜标,司玉贵,陈君,等. 一种制备2-芳基乳酸酯及萘普生、布 洛芬的方法: 中国,1706802[P].2005-12-14. [16] 陈平,刘春华,黄鹏勉,等. 布洛芬的制备方法:中 国,101456808[P]. 2009-06-17. [17]Shen, T. Y. Angew. Chem. , Int. Ed . Engl. 1972, 6 , 460. [18] ( a) Tanaka, M. ; Watanabe, Y. ; Mitsudo, T. ; Yamamoto, K. ;Takegami, Y. Chem. Lett. 1972, 483.( b) Botteghi, C. ; Consiglio, G. ; Pino, P. Chimia 1972, 26,141. [19] Consiglio, G. ; Pino, P. ; Flowers, L. I. Chem. Commun.1983, 612. [20] Parrinello, G. ; Stille, J. K. J . Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109,7122. [21]Stille, J. K. ; Su, H. ; Brechot, P. ; Parrinello, G. ; Hegedus,L. S. Organometallics 1991, 10 , 1183. [22] Sakai, N. ; Mano, S. ; Nozaki, K. ; Takaya, H. J . Am.Chem. Soc. 1993, 115 , 7033. [23] Francio, G. ; Leitner, W. Chem. Commun. 1999, 1663. [24]Botteghi, C. ; Consiglio, G. ; Pino, P. Chimia 1973, 27 ( 9) ,477. [25] Alper, H. ; Nathalie, H. G. J . Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112,2803. [26] Cometti, G. ; Chiusoli, G. P. J . Organomet . Chem. 1982,236 , C31. [27] Wu, T. C. US 5482596 , 1996 [ Chem. Abstr . 1996, 124,2232053] . [28] Nugent, W. A. ; Mckinney, R. J. J . Org. Chem. 1985, 50,5370. [29] Pinkey, J. T. ; Rowe, B. A. Tetr ahedr on Lett. 1980, 21 , 965. [30] Bell, H. C. ; Kalman, J. R. ; Pinhey, J. T. ; Sternhell, S. Aust. J . Chem. 1979, 32 , 1521. 致谢 本论文是在杜会茹老师的亲切关怀和悉心指导下完成的，她严肃的科学态度，严谨 的治学精神，精益求精的工作作风，深深地感染和激励着我。杜老师不仅在学业上给我 以精心指导，同时还在思想、生活上给我以无微不至的关怀，在此谨向杜老师致以诚挚 9 Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 的谢意和崇高的敬意。我还要感谢帮助我同学们，正是由于你们的帮助和支持，我才能克服一个一个的困难和疑惑，直至本文的顺利完成。 在论文即将完成之际，我的心情无法平静，从开始进入课题到论文的顺利完成，有多少可敬的师长、同学、朋友给了我无言的帮助，在这里请接受我诚挚的谢意!最后我还要感谢培养我长大含辛茹苦的父母，谢谢你们～ 最后，再次对关心、帮助我的老师和同学表示衷心地感谢～ ook innting the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" lok series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implemeng boSession of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpithe overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary owing implementation opinions.First,roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the foll-onths, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grasso 99 mhe city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January tployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in tied deOpinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unif10leapfrog development.omote y, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to pral undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policulturof market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of c ledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the needquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce know-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-t the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of highet. Aion, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the markof the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competit of cadres and workersowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -ocial investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the swin principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation-utual benefit, seeking wint, meffective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trus of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, ursuitthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pg, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakanninuse of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful pl um to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of themaxim et The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, theficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, streng diflaw enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, somethicus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of avy foide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the hey performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guof kesolving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres he style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus onove tuxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to imprto solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy l entionul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attp and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaershiion practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadempty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's educat is notoperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice or, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cothe dore attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open tive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay moo posiass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere tities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mactiv ts, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community educationres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window uniwith step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cad roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice-ganizations, social organizations and other grasspublic economic or-under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non nty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departmentse couhe building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of thhonest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of t close,mbers and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to agance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party meextrav, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful ions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses lawrovisand < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal p dation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulationsfoun heme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, thethe mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the t