红楼梦的诗词曲赋

红楼梦的诗词曲赋 9月10日 《红楼梦》的诗词曲赋 蔡义江 吕启祥 曹立波 主讲人简介 蔡义江，男，1934年生于浙江宁波。学者、教授，著名红学家，国家级有突出 贡献专家。1986年，任民革中央常委、宣传部长。现为中国红楼梦学会副会长、中 国古典文学普及研究会副会长。主要著作有:《红楼梦诗词曲赋评注》、《蔡义江 论红楼梦》、《清代文学概论》等，专著和曾多次获国家、省、市社科优秀成 果奖。 吕启祥，女，1936年生，浙江余姚人。现为中国艺术研究院红楼梦研究所研究 员。曾发表过红学文章百余篇，著有:《红楼梦开卷录》、《红楼梦会心录》、，主编《红楼梦珍稀评论资料汇要》等。 曹立波，女，1964年生。2002年7月毕业于北师大中文系，获文学博士学位。现为中央民族大学副教授。发表论文二十余篇，与他人合写编著作 多部。 内容简介 曹雪芹的《红楼梦》是一部小说，但同时也可以看作是一首诗，这不单单因为《红楼梦》的作品当中，有大量的诗词曲赋和韵文，更主要地在于小 说的整个氛围是诗意的和诗化的。 《红楼梦》里面的诗词曲赋有四个特点:第一，个性化，即茅盾先生所说的“按头制帽”;第二，情节化，它不是游离的，而是跟情节结合在一起; 第三，借题发挥，最为典型的，如《芙蓉女儿诔》;第四，暗示未来，即具有谶语性质，表现最明显的，就是判词和曲。 香菱跟林黛玉学诗是小说中的典型情节。香菱在大观园里的地位低于小姐而高于丫头，她渴望充实的精神生活。香菱不畏艰难，日夜苦吟，并在林 黛玉、薛宝钗的点拨下，终于进入诗歌的殿堂。香菱学诗一共三首，即《吟月三首》，这三首诗就体现了她不断成熟的这样一个过程。 《红楼梦》的诗词曲赋还具有谶语性质，就是预示。表现得最明显的就是判词和曲，包括后面的那些谜语，。大家都很熟悉的一些人物的最后 结局，在里面都有所暗示。 obstacles, correcting misunderstandings, advocate good cadre style. 2, adhere to the scientific decision-making and democratic decision-making decision-making law. Correctly handle to ensure that government decrees and based on the actual creative work, giving full play to subjective initiative, put an end to implement the conference meeting, to document the implementation of documents etc. Improve the scientific and democratic decision-making mechanism, improve and implement the decision to solicit the views of experts, the public hearing system. Improve the important decision of risk assessment mechanism and legal review mechanism. 3, to promote team unity. Uphold and improve the system of annual party book talk heart to heart, mind and Party members, Party members to exchange each other not less than 2 times. The implementation of sound team democratic life system, consolidate and enhance the party's mass line educational practice will promote the achievement of the topic of democratic life, criticism and self-criticism normalization, a long-term. Adhere to the party on the basis of the principle of unity, enhance internal communication, strengthen internal supervision, self Sleep maintenance team collective image and authority. (three) to ensure the execution is not strong or disguised to resist government decrees issues. Individual Bureau leadership team members lack of learning political theory system, not from the objective reality, not with the party's interests above all the principles to deal with personal problems. In the specific work safety supervision in the execution is not strong, in the implementation of the decision to deploy the discount, make choices, engage in work, the implementation of the agreement, uncomfortable is not performed, open or disguised to resist, the lack of subject consciousness of the party organization, the lack of resist in society all kinds of bad habits and unwholesome tendencies of courage Gas and courage. Such as the liability insurance of safe production work, individual leaders that have someone arrested, and no funding, not in the global chess perspective to the countryside to carry out daily inspection, found none of my business acceptance of the resumption of production in an armchair, with a pen, indifferent. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, to strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, To establish and perfect the muddle along and other issues. Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2, strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 《红楼梦》里面的诗词曲赋，还有着深厚的古典诗词的底蕴，比较典型的，如林黛玉的《葬花吟》和《秋窗风雨夕》。 《红楼梦》的诗词曲赋 (全文) 主持人:我先向朋友们介绍，今天来到我们演播室的三位朋友，先生年岁大，德高望重，但是我们按照礼仪:女士优先，我们先来介绍女士。那么 坐在我右首的这位女士是上一期节目中，跟大家见过面的中国艺术研究院的研究员、著名学者吕启祥先生，大家欢迎～第二个，再介绍女士，年轻的女 士，她现在是在北京师范大学读古典文学博士的曹立波女士，大家欢迎～最后，我们再推出我们这位先生，他是研究《红楼梦》诗词曲赋非常有独到功 夫的专家，是蔡义江教授，大家欢迎～ 那么人们常说，曹雪芹的《红楼梦》是一部小说，但同时也可以看做是一首诗，这不单单因为《红楼梦》的作品当中，有大量的诗词曲赋和韵文， 更主要地在于小说的整个氛围是诗意的和诗化的。那么，曹雪芹在《红楼梦》当中是怎么样通过大量的诗词曲赋，为特定的人物、情境服务，然后又符 合人物特定的身份,那么，我们先听蔡先生的。 蔡义江:曹雪芹诗歌是很好，写诗本领很大。很可惜，曹雪芹到今天为止没有留下，他于自己《红楼梦》以外的身份来写的，一首完整的诗都没有 留下。惟一留下的也就只有两句话，那两句诗，那是一首诗的最后两句。这首诗是题在白居易《〈琵琶行〉传奇》，他有一次在敦诚、敦敏家里看《琵 琶行》演出的时候，看的时候题了一首诗，这首诗没留下来，但是敦诚、敦敏他们写笔记的时候，引了两句，是最后两句，说“白傅诗灵应喜甚”。白傅 就是白居易。他认为是已经过去的人了，讲他的灵魂，诗灵，应该高兴得很。“定教蛮素鬼排场”，蛮素，一个蛮，一个素，是白居易身边的两个侍妾， 两个服侍他的女子，一个跳舞特别好，一个唱歌特别好，所以我想如果白傅看到这个的话，一定高兴得不得了，一定会叫他的那个两个小丫头、侍妾来 鬼排他。因为这个都是前人的，所以只能是编鬼了，来排练一番，演出一番。我们现在人看到曹雪芹的诗，《红楼梦》之外的就这两句，完整的一首诗 都没有了。在《红楼梦》里面，曹雪芹拿自己名义写，自己出面写的只有二十个字。小说假托他从石头空空道人那里拿来的稿子，在那里披阅、增删， 批完以后题了一句，二十个字:“满纸荒唐言，一把辛酸泪。都云作者痴，谁解其中味,”好不好,那么你们去评说。他整个就是这么一点。 那么，其他的所有的诗，绝大多数都是拿小说人物的身份来写，替人物来写，所以，你讲曹雪芹在《红楼梦》里的诗写好、不好的话，你这点不能 忘记。曹雪芹第一个美学目标，写成功一部《红楼梦》的小说，不是写成功一部他的诗稿，这点绝对不能忘记。如果小说写成功是第一，那么它里面模 拟小说的人物写的，它一定要适合模拟这个人物的身份。 主持人:不能拿《红楼梦》当中的诗词当曹雪芹诗集来读。 蔡义江:对呀。如果曹雪芹《红楼梦》里头的诗都像杜甫忧国忧民那样，都像李白豪放得不得了，喝酒什么东西，什么想象都有的，那《红楼梦》 obstacles, correcting misunderstandings, advocate good cadre style. 2, adhere to the scientific decision-making and democratic decision-making decision-making law. Correctly handle to ensure that government decrees and based on the actual creative work, giving full play to subjective initiative, put an end to implement the conference meeting, to document the implementation of documents etc. Improve the scientific and democratic decision-making mechanism, improve and implement the decision to solicit the views of experts, the public hearing system. Improve the important decision of risk assessment mechanism and legal review mechanism. 3, to promote team unity. Uphold and improve the system of annual party book talk heart to heart, mind and Party members, Party members to exchange each other not less than 2 times. The implementation of sound team democratic life system, consolidate and enhance the party's mass line educational practice will promote the achievement of the topic of democratic life, criticism and self-criticism normalization, a long-term. Adhere to the party on the basis of the principle of unity, enhance internal communication, strengthen internal supervision, self Sleep maintenance team collective image and authority. (three) to ensure the execution is not strong or disguised to resist government decrees issues. Individual Bureau leadership team members lack of learning political theory system, not from the objective reality, not with the party's interests above all the principles to deal with personal problems. In the specific work safety supervision in the execution is not strong, in the implementation of the decision to deploy the discount, make choices, engage in work, the implementation of the agreement, uncomfortable is not performed, open or disguised to resist, the lack of subject consciousness of the party organization, the lack of resist in society all kinds of bad habits and unwholesome tendencies of courage Gas and courage. Such as the liability insurance of safe production work, individual leaders that have someone arrested, and no funding, not in the global chess perspective to the countryside to carry out daily inspection, found none of my business acceptance of the resumption of production in an armchair, with a pen, indifferent. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, to strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, To establish and perfect the muddle along and other issues. Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2, strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 里面放得进去吗,如果写成功都像李贺、李商隐那样很隐晦的，活着很想象太奇的牛鬼蛇神的那样的写法，《红楼梦》还能成为一部普及的小说吗,所 以我们觉得看《红楼梦》的角度很要紧。你把《红楼梦》里的诗词跟李白、杜甫，唐诗宋词去比较的话，本身你的角度上面就错误。 主持人:曹雪芹写诗词是为人物的。 蔡义江:为人物啊～所以，我觉得《红楼梦》里面的诗词讲有四个特点，我简单地先把它的特点讲一下，我讲四点:第一个，个性化;第二个，情 节化，它不是游离的，跟情节结合在一起;第三个，它借题发挥;第四个，它暗示未来。我就讲这么四点，你去看其他小说里不是那样, 曹立波:香菱学诗一共三首，那三首实际上反映了一个初学者的概况，因为香菱经常向黛玉去请教，她不断地进步，那么三首诗就体现了她不断成 熟的这样一个过程。 我们先听听第一首。我们因为先入为主，你先想，第一首肯定是很幼稚的，然后有一个不断成熟的过程。我们大家一起来赏析一下，题目是《吟月 三首》。她是写月亮的，那么自然要围绕着月亮来写:“月挂中天夜色寒，清光皎皎影团团。诗人助兴常思玩，野客添愁不忍观。翡翠楼边悬玉镜，珍珠 帘外挂冰盘。良宵何用烧银烛，晴彩辉煌映画栏。”她是在写月亮，句句都是写月亮，写月亮很亮。那么，她幼稚在什么地方呢,我们想，一般的诗除了 写景之外，更重要的是什么呀,抒情，我们大家都知道。所以，她实际上这首诗单纯地写景，每一句都在写月亮的亮，换个角度写它的亮。这里边她幼 稚就在于没有情，没有人的主观情感在里边。 那么，下边就看第二首。第二首是:“非银非水映窗寒，试看晴空护玉盘。淡淡梅花香欲染，丝丝柳带露初干。只疑残粉涂金砌，恍若轻霜抹玉栏。 梦醒西楼人迹绝，馀容犹可隔帘看。”有没有人的意象在里边呢,这里边有，有人的影子在里边了，蔡先生看一看这首诗，她进步在哪个地方呢, 蔡义江:和上一首相比，前面一首与刚才曹立波同志念的这一首，林黛玉作为指导老师，她讲话讲得很少，她就是说，措词不雅。譬如说:“诗人助 兴常思玩”，看到月亮，诗人可以助兴，老是想赏玩它。“野客添愁不忍观”，在野外的人啊，看到月亮可能添愁，所以不忍去看它。这种直截了当的话呢， 在我们看来这话已经不错了，在她看叫“措词不雅”，都因为你诗读得少了，被它束缚住了。被什么束缚住了,被这个题目《月亮》。月亮有什么好写的 呢,那么最多就只能写诗人可以写月亮助兴，或者野外的人看到月亮圆了以后，觉得我离开家了，添愁，而这个话呢又讲得那么直截了当。林黛玉指的 缺点并不多，就叫她重做，自己去领会，这就是做老师很好的办法，你老是不断地批评她，这个那个不对，多了的话，她也记不住。叫她，你再读再领 会。 我觉得她第二首，她的确是不大受束缚了，放开了。当然放开也还有限度，不能寄情寓兴，你譬如说:“淡淡梅花香欲染，丝丝柳带露初干。”所以， 林黛玉评价她，也难为她了，就是这个孩子还是够聪明的了。 obstacles, correcting misunderstandings, advocate good cadre style. 2, adhere to the scientific decision-making and democratic decision-making decision-making law. Correctly handle to ensure that government decrees and based on the actual creative work, giving full play to subjective initiative, put an end to implement the conference meeting, to document the implementation of documents etc. Improve the scientific and democratic decision-making mechanism, improve and implement the decision to solicit the views of experts, the public hearing system. Improve the important decision of risk assessment mechanism and legal review mechanism. 3, to promote team unity. Uphold and improve the system of annual party book talk heart to heart, mind and Party members, Party members to exchange each other not less than 2 times. The implementation of sound team democratic life system, consolidate and enhance the party's mass line educational practice will promote the achievement of the topic of democratic life, criticism and self-criticism normalization, a long-term. Adhere to the party on the basis of the principle of unity, enhance internal communication, strengthen internal supervision, self Sleep maintenance team collective image and authority. (three) to ensure the execution is not strong or disguised to resist government decrees issues. Individual Bureau leadership team members lack of learning political theory system, not from the objective reality, not with the party's interests above all the principles to deal with personal problems. In the specific work safety supervision in the execution is not strong, in the implementation of the decision to deploy the discount, make choices, engage in work, the implementation of the agreement, uncomfortable is not performed, open or disguised to resist, the lack of subject consciousness of the party organization, the lack of resist in society all kinds of bad habits and unwholesome tendencies of courage Gas and courage. Such as the liability insurance of safe production work, individual leaders that have someone arrested, and no funding, not in the global chess perspective to the countryside to carry out daily inspection, found none of my business acceptance of the resumption of production in an armchair, with a pen, indifferent. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, to strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, To establish and perfect the muddle along and other issues. Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2, strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 主持人:可造就之材。 蔡义江:第二次就知道月亮的话，胆子放开大了就用烘染。梅花怎么可以烘染月光呢,这个宋代很有名的诗啊:“暗香浮动月黄昏”就写梅花的，这 是林和靖——我们杭州人写的，所以杭州，我是住在杭州，是最熟悉了。暗香浮动的时候，月亮昏黄，血黄昏，所以讲，淡淡梅花好像香气都要染到这 个上面。至于月光底下的杨柳，有露水，这个诗歌更多，就用不着引了。她知道用烘染的办法来写。但是毕竟这首诗，像刚才曹立波讲的一样，她是用 尽了脑子去想象，去比喻，但是指导老师评价了两个字的缺点，是难为她了，但是还不好，为什么呢,过于“穿凿”——穿凿附会。就老是把月亮，觉得 你胆子不够大，就去比附这些东西。旁边的听的一个也是诗歌行家，叫薛宝钗，她一听以后，嘿，她这首诗用月亮的“月”字底下加个颜色的“色”字——“月 色”那倒可以， 吕启祥:切题了。 蔡义江:处处都写月色。你看，它是月色就是月光照下来的情况。这一点很重要。 请你们注意，律诗的题目跟内容要扣得非常紧，写月亮，写月色是不一样的;你写月亮的话，月色只能够顺便带到，主要还是讲月亮，如果写月色 只是写月色。但是，薛宝钗也有话:没关系，多写几首就好了，诗啊，本来就是从胡说来的，从胡说八道来的。我看到这句话的时候，我第一佩服薛宝 钗，第二就佩服曹雪芹。多大的胆量讲这句话，诗是从胡说八道来的。 主持人:还是应该先佩服曹雪芹。 吕启祥:也要佩服薛宝钗了。想象嘛，编嘛。 蔡义江:如果诗没有胡说八道的胆量，你就不能领会它的好处。 主持人:所以到她第三首的时候就“博士”毕业了。 蔡义江:她说写三首，实际上这个过程三十首未必写得这么好。第一首的话，充其量是初中水平吧;第二首达到高中、大学水平;第三首也不是博 士生水平了，那简直是个老诗人了，那写得够好的了。 曹立波:我们欣赏第三首:“精华欲掩料应难，影自娟娟魄自寒。一片砧敲千里白，半轮鸡唱五更残。绿蓑江上秋闻笛，红袖楼头夜倚栏。博得嫦娥 应借问，何缘不使永团圆,”这我比较喜欢，我先说说我的感觉。我比较喜欢中间这两联，因为这是一首律诗嘛。那么颈联和颔联这两联，四句对仗是非 obstacles, correcting misunderstandings, advocate good cadre style. 2, adhere to the scientific decision-making and democratic decision-making decision-making law. Correctly handle to ensure that government decrees and based on the actual creative work, giving full play to subjective initiative, put an end to implement the conference meeting, to document the implementation of documents etc. Improve the scientific and democratic decision-making mechanism, improve and implement the decision to solicit the views of experts, the public hearing system. Improve the important decision of risk assessment mechanism and legal review mechanism. 3, to promote team unity. Uphold and improve the system of annual party book talk heart to heart, mind and Party members, Party members to exchange each other not less than 2 times. The implementation of sound team democratic life system, consolidate and enhance the party's mass line educational practice will promote the achievement of the topic of democratic life, criticism and self-criticism normalization, a long-term. Adhere to the party on the basis of the principle of unity, enhance internal communication, strengthen internal supervision, self Sleep maintenance team collective image and authority. (three) to ensure the execution is not strong or disguised to resist government decrees issues. Individual Bureau leadership team members lack of learning political theory system, not from the objective reality, not with the party's interests above all the principles to deal with personal problems. In the specific work safety supervision in the execution is not strong, in the implementation of the decision to deploy the discount, make choices, engage in work, the implementation of the agreement, uncomfortable is not performed, open or disguised to resist, the lack of subject consciousness of the party organization, the lack of resist in society all kinds of bad habits and unwholesome tendencies of courage Gas and courage. Such as the liability insurance of safe production work, individual leaders that have someone arrested, and no funding, not in the global chess perspective to the countryside to carry out daily inspection, found none of my business acceptance of the resumption of production in an armchair, with a pen, indifferent. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, to strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, To establish and perfect the muddle along and other issues. Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2, strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 常工整的:“一片”对“半轮”，“千里白”对“五更残”。另外，下一句呢:“绿蓑江上”对“红袖楼头”，“秋闻笛”对“夜依栏”，对仗很工稳。另外，从意象上看呢， “红袖楼头夜倚栏”，我想起南朝民歌《西洲曲》里边写女子:“望郎上青楼”，然后“栏杆十二曲，垂手明如玉”和“红袖楼头夜倚栏”的意象非常相近。另外， 最后一句“博得嫦娥应借问，何缘不使永团圆,”这个和好多乐府民歌结尾是很相似的。你像《迢迢牵牛星》的结尾:“盈盈一水间，寂寞不得语。”都是写 月亮，写银河，然后质问为什么造成了人间这种永久的别离,这种无可奈何。我觉得这个意蕴，对古诗意蕴的化用是很好的。 吕启祥:我很喜欢第一句，这起句真是不凡:“精华欲掩料应难”，跟香菱这个人太切合了。香菱本来是什么人呢,她是甄士隐的女儿，根基不凡， 后来因为遭到这样的不幸，被拐卖，这样整个地被埋没了。她学诗真是苦志学诗，这样最后终于脱颖而出。 蔡义江:这首诗她领会出来。写咏物诗，一定要把个人的感情讲出来，这点指导老师没有直接给她讲。实际上中国的所有咏物诗，可以分成两类， 有一类诗就是就物论物，把这个物，过去写过的典故凑在一起，最后凑成一首诗。当然里面也可以有一个主题，但是个人的寄托不强。第二类呢，都是 咏物诗里面写得好的，成功之作都是第二类。就是通过咏物，把自己的感受写在里面，通过物表达出来，我们或者讲叫寄情寓兴，把感情寄在里面，把 自己的兴会寄寓在里面。 香菱领会到了:“精华欲掩料应难”，月亮的精华，乌云是盖不住的，我香菱的才华，命运的遭遇，我现在文化很低，但是要把我盖住也很难。“料应 难”，掩过去也难，总有一天它要破云而出，埋没不了;第二句讲“影自娟娟魄自寒”，这句也写得好。月亮的样子——影啊，是那么的美好。魄，月亮叫 月魄，它或者讲人的话，就是她的精神，她是那么寂寞，那么寒冷，月亮给人家看到就是清寒，寒冷的感觉，香菱给人家看到的就是这个姑娘精神上面 是有她寂寞、痛苦的一面。你看讲得那么好。 三、四两句，我一读的话，还以为是杜甫写的。“一片砧敲千里白，半轮鸡唱五更残。”我看曹雪芹已经拿出浑身解数在来写作，把自己最高水平放 在上面了。你们回去再读读看，这两句的话，写律诗的话，是很老健的句法。 吕启祥:很老道的句法。 蔡义江:你说，一片是讲什么,讲砧就是敲，捣衣砧就是捣衣石头的声音嘛。“千里白” 就是月亮。千里也可形容砧声，一片也可以用月光，“长安 一片月，万户捣衣声。”它就是这些形容词两边用的。这个句子多老练啊～ “半轮鸡唱五更残”，那个时候到天亮的时候，月亮一般被云遮住半轮。鸡唱了，鸡啼了。“五更残”，五更已经到最后一更了，已经残了。这个残，五 更残嘛，它是月亮残,月亮也残，更声也残。这是《红楼梦》提到的杜甫《秋兴》里面有一句。杜甫也不能老是讲“丛菊两开他日泪，孤舟一系故园心” 这样的句法，还有别的。但杜甫这两句话，可见曹雪芹印象特别深，这两句在杜甫的律诗里面，这些动词就是两面惯用的。丛菊两开，丛菊花开了，一 种菊花开了，两次开放，看到了以后我就掉眼泪，今天开了我又掉眼泪，他的泪，他曾经掉过的眼泪，我今天又掉了。两开，你说是菊花开，还是他泪 obstacles, correcting misunderstandings, advocate good cadre style. 2, adhere to the scientific decision-making and democratic decision-making decision-making law. Correctly handle to ensure that government decrees and based on the actual creative work, giving full play to subjective initiative, put an end to implement the conference meeting, to document the implementation of documents etc. Improve the scientific and democratic decision-making mechanism, improve and implement the decision to solicit the views of experts, the public hearing system. Improve the important decision of risk assessment mechanism and legal review mechanism. 3, to promote team unity. Uphold and improve the system of annual party book talk heart to heart, mind and Party members, Party members to exchange each other not less than 2 times. The implementation of sound team democratic life system, consolidate and enhance the party's mass line educational practice will promote the achievement of the topic of democratic life, criticism and self-criticism normalization, a long-term. Adhere to the party on the basis of the principle of unity, enhance internal communication, strengthen internal supervision, self Sleep maintenance team collective image and authority. (three) to ensure the execution is not strong or disguised to resist government decrees issues. Individual Bureau leadership team members lack of learning political theory system, not from the objective reality, not with the party's interests above all the principles to deal with personal problems. In the specific work safety supervision in the execution is not strong, in the implementation of the decision to deploy the discount, make choices, engage in work, the implementation of the agreement, uncomfortable is not performed, open or disguised to resist, the lack of subject consciousness of the party organization, the lack of resist in society all kinds of bad habits and unwholesome tendencies of courage Gas and courage. Such as the liability insurance of safe production work, individual leaders that have someone arrested, and no funding, not in the global chess perspective to the countryside to carry out daily inspection, found none of my business acceptance of the resumption of production in an armchair, with a pen, indifferent. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, to strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, To establish and perfect the muddle along and other issues. Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2, strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 花开,都可以。“孤舟一系故园心”，有一片孤舟在门口，船不是要系在那里吗，吊在那里。一系的系，故园心，他一直想到故园，回到老家的一片心，“一 系”两个字:心给系住了，还是船给系住了,都是。就是诗歌里边的特殊句法。老杜晚年的《秋兴》那个东西，忽然之间在香菱的诗里边出现了。 主持人:曹雪芹善于揣摩不同的人物和性格，然后用诗词又符合这种特定的身份和性格。那么，吕先生给我们举一些实例，来说明曹雪芹的诗词为 人物的性格服务，同时又符合他特定的人物身份。 吕启祥:我个人觉得，《红楼梦》里头写得最好的是人物，它是小说，是不是,所以我就觉得，如果你要觉得它的诗好，是因为它为刻画人物服务 了，就是蔡先生说的。所谓“按头制帽”，就是按照你的头型来做这个帽子，这句话是文学界的前辈茅盾说的。 比方说吧，其实有很多朋友，尤其是很多年轻的朋友，《红楼梦》里的诗词都背得很多。很惭愧，我自己读《红楼梦》的诗词，我往往是有些句子 我最记得，就是跟那个人物个性最贴切的，比如说，像薛宝钗是“珍重芳姿昼掩门”，那么就把她一种很端庄、很矜持表现出来，就是说自己很看重自己 的身份。 主持人:符合她封建淑女的端庄姿态。 吕启祥:我就会记住这样的句子。那么你说《葬花吟》，就是很难把这个东西独立出来怎么讲。其实《葬花吟》，蔡先生是研究唐诗的，其实它有 很多承传的东西，从唐代的，你要从诗歌的历史上来回顾，有很多句子应该说有的东西是前人是有过的。但是，我们还是要说《葬花吟》是属于林黛玉 的，因为里头有很多很多句子，好多名句:“天尽头，何处有香丘,”像什么“质本洁来还洁去”，就是像这样一些句子，就跟林黛玉当时的那个感受:“一 年三百六十日，风刀霜剑严相逼。”这些现在不仅是大家熟，而且《红楼梦》诗词曲赋还有一个专场的诗歌晚会，真是唱起来，连朗诵带唱。那么，像这 样一些句子，它是属于林黛玉这个人物的，她的当时当地她的那种真实的感受，所以就说《葬花吟》好。因此，就不能够把《红楼梦》里头代人物拟的， 那就是代薛蟠拟的。 主持人:很粗俗了。 吕启祥:代各种人物拟的，你不能够拿曹雪芹代人拟的这个东西作为他的作品来比较。 主持人:薛蟠的诗是属于特定人物薛蟠的，就不能安到曹雪芹的头上。 吕启祥:那个当然。其实，代拟是很难的。 obstacles, correcting misunderstandings, advocate good cadre style. 2, adhere to the scientific decision-making and democratic decision-making decision-making law. Correctly handle to ensure that government decrees and based on the actual creative work, giving full play to subjective initiative, put an end to implement the conference meeting, to document the implementation of documents etc. Improve the scientific and democratic decision-making mechanism, improve and implement the decision to solicit the views of experts, the public hearing system. Improve the important decision of risk assessment mechanism and legal review mechanism. 3, to promote team unity. Uphold and improve the system of annual party book talk heart to heart, mind and Party members, Party members to exchange each other not less than 2 times. The implementation of sound team democratic life system, consolidate and enhance the party's mass line educational practice will promote the achievement of the topic of democratic life, criticism and self-criticism normalization, a long-term. Adhere to the party on the basis of the principle of unity, enhance internal communication, strengthen internal supervision, self Sleep maintenance team collective image and authority. (three) to ensure the execution is not strong or disguised to resist government decrees issues. Individual Bureau leadership team members lack of learning political theory system, not from the objective reality, not with the party's interests above all the principles to deal with personal problems. In the specific work safety supervision in the execution is not strong, in the implementation of the decision to deploy the discount, make choices, engage in work, the implementation of the agreement, uncomfortable is not performed, open or disguised to resist, the lack of subject consciousness of the party organization, the lack of resist in society all kinds of bad habits and unwholesome tendencies of courage Gas and courage. Such as the liability insurance of safe production work, individual leaders that have someone arrested, and no funding, not in the global chess perspective to the countryside to carry out daily inspection, found none of my business acceptance of the resumption of production in an armchair, with a pen, indifferent. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, to strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, To establish and perfect the muddle along and other issues. Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2, strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 主持人:就还有一种，一直是认为《红楼梦》当中的判词，体现出曹雪芹的这种“无为”，一种佛家思想，就是曹雪芹在作诗词方面有没有，就是接 受这种佛教思想的影响，或者说表露他的一种宿命的思想，通过诗词, 蔡义江:有，我肯定。曹雪芹有宿命思想，因为曹雪芹有很深刻的悲观主义。对曹雪芹来讲，一定要把他当作一个政治家，一个哲学家，一个思想 家来评定，我觉得不对。现在这样的讲法是多得很，因为《红楼梦》伟大，所以曹雪芹思想也是在这个时代里也是最高的，什么也是最高的，不是。我 觉得，曹雪芹最伟大的就是，他是一个文学家，是一个艺术家，他真实地反映了那个时候的情况，这些情况应该怎么评论，他也弄不清楚，但是他写出 来了。 吕启祥:这样，我还接着蔡先生这个话题说下去吧，就是我们不要去拔高曹雪芹。不必拔高，他已经很伟大了。所以，我自己讲课也好，写文章也 好，我从来不太愿意这样说，说他是伟大的思想家，还是怎么样，他就是伟大的艺术家、文学家。刚才，主持人提到，就是说前面的判词和曲很重要， 在《红楼梦》里面，曲占的分量是很大的，也是蔡先生在《红楼梦诗词曲赋评注》里面(所强调的)。除了我们刚才谈的那个个性化之外，还有一点， 就是《红楼梦》的诗词曲赋的谶语性质，就是预示。这一点也是很重要的。那么表现得最明显的就是判词和曲，包括后面的那些谜语，灯谜。 主持人:虽然说从写作上，谶语可能是后来写的，只不过在小说结构的顺序上，他把它提前了。 吕启祥:在第五回嘛，它是一些预示人物的结局嘛，大家都很熟悉的，就是一些人物的最后的结局。大家最熟的，你说:“玉带林中挂，金簪雪里埋 。” 还有像探春:“才自精明志自高，生于末世运偏消。清明涕送江边望，千里东风一梦遥。”包括王熙凤的那个“机关算尽太聪明，反算了卿卿性命～”就是人 物的结局在里面都有所暗示。那么，刚才像主持人说的那样，有没有宿命的思想,当然是有的，而且一点也不奇怪。正是因为很深刻的悲观主义，正是 一种悲天悯人的这样的情怀，一个作家他所思考的，不仅仅是一个人的命运，或者是一个也很局部的东西，他好像对整个人生，对整个人生的意义，他 有一种用咱们的一句比较时髦的话来说，就是那种终极关怀，人从哪里来,到哪里去,他站在大荒来看大观，他是站在大荒山，大荒来看花柳繁华地， 所以里头的很多诗词，比如《红楼梦曲》开篇:“开辟鸿蒙，谁为情种,……趁着这奈何天，伤怀日，寂寥时……”就是有一种无可奈何的一种很大的无 奈，很大的失落，就是令人觉得，我就觉得像这样的一些《红楼梦曲》，它有一种很深很深的悲剧意识，一种很深的对于人生意义的探求。 主持人:就是作为曹雪芹来说，他的诗词曲赋受到前代的，比如说汉乐府，或者魏晋诗体、诗风的影响。这方面，蔡先生能不能结合具体的情况， 比如说，大观园女儿的，或者说是宝玉、黛玉的诗，来说明一下曹雪芹的人物的诗歌，在承继前代的诗风上一种怎么样演化, 蔡义江:曹雪芹写《红楼梦》里面人物的诗，还有一个考虑，除了每一个人物的个性以外，他是写一部要推广的小说，要普及的小说。这些人物大 多数没有很丰富的生活经历，譬如说，上过战场，出过边塞，或者打过仗，或者其他什么，这些不是他小说的内容。 她们这些都是关在一个大观园里面，要合情合理地写她们的那些情理的话，他要找出一种体裁，最符合这个人物的，不管这种体裁里面各有不同， obstacles, correcting misunderstandings, advocate good cadre style. 2, adhere to the scientific decision-making and democratic decision-making decision-making law. Correctly handle to ensure that government decrees and based on the actual creative work, giving full play to subjective initiative, put an end to implement the conference meeting, to document the implementation of documents etc. Improve the scientific and democratic decision-making mechanism, improve and implement the decision to solicit the views of experts, the public hearing system. Improve the important decision of risk assessment mechanism and legal review mechanism. 3, to promote team unity. Uphold and improve the system of annual party book talk heart to heart, mind and Party members, Party members to exchange each other not less than 2 times. The implementation of sound team democratic life system, consolidate and enhance the party's mass line educational practice will promote the achievement of the topic of democratic life, criticism and self-criticism normalization, a long-term. Adhere to the party on the basis of the principle of unity, enhance internal communication, strengthen internal supervision, self Sleep maintenance team collective image and authority. (three) to ensure the execution is not strong or disguised to resist government decrees issues. Individual Bureau leadership team members lack of learning political theory system, not from the objective reality, not with the party's interests above all the principles to deal with personal problems. In the specific work safety supervision in the execution is not strong, in the implementation of the decision to deploy the discount, make choices, engage in work, the implementation of the agreement, uncomfortable is not performed, open or disguised to resist, the lack of subject consciousness of the party organization, the lack of resist in society all kinds of bad habits and unwholesome tendencies of courage Gas and courage. Such as the liability insurance of safe production work, individual leaders that have someone arrested, and no funding, not in the global chess perspective to the countryside to carry out daily inspection, found none of my business acceptance of the resumption of production in an armchair, with a pen, indifferent. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, to strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, To establish and perfect the muddle along and other issues. Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2, strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 这个小说的普及性他会考虑到。所以，我觉得小说里面，像林黛玉写的，除了大家一起写的那些《咏菊花诗》、《咏白海棠诗》，这些诗也是反映当时 清代普遍的那种文化的氛围。这种现象以外，特别是林黛玉自己写的，譬如说，像《葬花吟》或者叫《葬花词》，《秋窗风雨夕》，还有《桃花行》， 这些他都采用了一个体裁，叫“初唐体”。“初唐体”是什么体呢,简单说来，是初唐的时候的歌行，七言歌行的形式，这种形式最适合于普遍人的接受。 主持人:就相当于我们今天讲流行歌曲。 蔡义江:流行歌曲，不是高雅艺术，是流行歌曲，大家一看就能懂的。题材不出于离别、相思，很符合这些女儿们的心境和情绪，岁月容易流逝， 人生短促，就是这些题材，全是这些题材。 曹立波:《红楼梦》里边的诗词，它实际上有深厚古典诗词的底蕴的。比较典型的，我们很喜欢的，读起来琅琅上口的，就是林黛玉的《葬花吟》， 还有林黛玉的《秋窗风雨夕》。那么，这两首诗，实际上就是刚才蔡先生讲的，模仿“初唐体”比较典型的两首。那么，初唐时期，大家知道有两首比较 著名的七言歌行，一首是初唐的压卷之作，张若虚的《春江花月夜》;还有一首，也是大家熟知的，可能诗题不太熟，但诗句很熟，那就是“年年岁岁花 相似，岁岁年年人不同”。那么这首诗的作者是谁呢,就是初唐时期的刘希夷。这首诗的名字叫《代悲白头翁》。那么，这首诗实际上对《葬花吟》的影 响是很直接的，像类似于“今年花落颜色改，明年花开复谁在,”直接影响到林黛玉的《葬花吟》:“桃李明年能再发，明年闺中知有谁,”这样的意蕴是很 相似的。而《春江花月夜》呢，曹雪芹曾经在四十五回里直接挑明，他是拟《春江花月夜》之格，乃名其词为《秋窗风雨夕》。大家看这五个字基本是 相吻合的:“春江花月夜”、“秋窗风雨夕”是一样的，对偶，很相似。 另外，句子也有很相似的地方，比如说《春江花月夜》里边:“谁家今夜扁舟子，何处相思明月楼,”它和《秋窗风雨夕》里边的句子:“谁家秋月无 风入,何处秋窗无雨声,”很相似。还有结尾，《春江花月夜》的结尾:“不知乘月几人归，落月摇情满江树。”那么，林黛玉的诗呢:“不知风雨几时休， 已教泪洒窗纱湿。”这意蕴都是完全相似的。 - 返回 - 中国中央电视台版权所有 地址:中国北京复兴路11号(100859) 站长信箱:webmaster@mail.cctv.com 建议使用:800*600分辨率，16Bit颜色、 Netscape4.0、IE4.0以上版本浏览器和中文大字符集 obstacles, correcting misunderstandings, advocate good cadre style. 2, adhere to the scientific decision-making and democratic decision-making decision-making law. Correctly handle to ensure that government decrees and based on the actual creative work, giving full play to subjective initiative, put an end to implement the conference meeting, to document the implementation of documents etc. Improve the scientific and democratic decision-making mechanism, improve and implement the decision to solicit the views of experts, the public hearing system. Improve the important decision of risk assessment mechanism and legal review mechanism. 3, to promote team unity. Uphold and improve the system of annual party book talk heart to heart, mind and Party members, Party members to exchange each other not less than 2 times. The implementation of sound team democratic life system, consolidate and enhance the party's mass line educational practice will promote the achievement of the topic of democratic life, criticism and self-criticism normalization, a long-term. Adhere to the party on the basis of the principle of unity, enhance internal communication, strengthen internal supervision, self Sleep maintenance team collective image and authority. (three) to ensure the execution is not strong or disguised to resist government decrees issues. Individual Bureau leadership team members lack of learning political theory system, not from the objective reality, not with the party's interests above all the principles to deal with personal problems. In the specific work safety supervision in the execution is not strong, in the implementation of the decision to deploy the discount, make choices, engage in work, the implementation of the agreement, uncomfortable is not performed, open or disguised to resist, the lack of subject consciousness of the party organization, the lack of resist in society all kinds of bad habits and unwholesome tendencies of courage Gas and courage. Such as the liability insurance of safe production work, individual leaders that have someone arrested, and no funding, not in the global chess perspective to the countryside to carry out daily inspection, found none of my business acceptance of the resumption of production in an armchair, with a pen, indifferent. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, to strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, To establish and perfect the muddle along and other issues. Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2, strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No.