乙醇与钠的反应

乙醇与钠的反应 冷静地分析上述实验，我们不难发现实验中有几处值得商榷的地方。如新切的金 属钠没有用小刀刮去面的氧化钠、倒扣在火焰上方的干燥烧杯内壁并不一定出现液滴以及没有强调该实验的安全，这些都一定程度地影响实验的效果和说服力。其中更为严重的是，我认为对于气体产物的验证存在很大的疏漏，大家都知道金属钠和无水乙醇反应虽然不如与水反应那么剧烈，使金属钠熔化成钠球，但是金属钠与无水乙醇反应也是大量放热的，实验过程中触摸试管外壁会明显感觉到试管是发烫的，而反应物之一的无水乙醇是易挥发的，这样会导致无水乙醇的大量挥发，和反应产生的氢气一起逸出。 office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 一、原文呈现 二、追溯实验演变 [7]刘兵.对无水乙醇与金属钠反应实验的质疑及改进[J].学知报，2010(1):1-2. 问题:a.新切的金属钠没有用小刀刮去表面的氧化钠 b.倒扣在火焰上方的干燥烧杯内壁并不一定出现液滴 c.没有强调该实验的安全 d.气体产物的验证存在很大的疏漏。(大家都知道金属钠和无水乙醇反应虽然不如与水反应那么剧烈，使金属钠熔化成钠球，但是金属钠与无水乙醇反应也是大量放热的，实验过程中触摸管外壁会明显感觉到试管是发烫的，而反应物之一的无水乙醇是易挥发的，这样office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 会导致无水乙醇的大量挥发，和反应产生的氢气一起逸出。) e.点燃的气体是氢气和挥发出来的乙醇蒸汽，所以罩在火焰上方的烧杯内壁出现液滴，不完全是氢气燃烧的产物 解决问题突破口:我们可以利用乙醇的沸点较氢气高的多，而且也远高于常温的性质来除去氢气中的乙醇蒸汽。只要将塞在试管上的单孔塞上所配的医用注射头改为较长的尖嘴玻璃导管即可，原因很简单，此时较长的尖嘴玻璃导管可以兼起冷凝管的作用，可以有效地将乙醇蒸汽冷却并回流到试管中，从而使逸出的气体基本上全部为反应产生的氢气。 实验方案作如下设计:在盛有少量无水乙醇的试管中，加入一小块新切的、用滤纸擦干表面煤油的金属钠并用小刀刮去表面的氧化钠，在试管口迅速塞上配有长尖嘴玻璃导管的单孔塞，用小试管倒扣在长尖嘴玻璃导管之上，收集并验纯气体;然后点燃，并把一干燥的小烧杯罩在火焰上，片刻在烧杯壁上出现大量水雾后，迅速倒转烧杯，向烧杯中加入少量澄清的石灰水，观察实验现象，分析并得出有关结论。 [10]张会领，杨振春.乙醇与金属钠的油灯式反应装置[j].化学教学，2012(10):46-47. 问题:发现课本上装置与实验方法因不易收集气体验纯而存在费时较多的不足 油灯式反应装置的优点 (1)成本低。装置材料为一次性塑料注射器和实验室常备的小广口瓶，材料来源广泛易得且价格低廉环保;装置制作简单，教师、同学均可自己制作，且制成后作为成套仪器收藏于实验室可长久使用。 (2)装置使用操作简单、安全而且节省时间。由于本套装置反应时液体上方的空气只有 5 mL 左右，所以很短时间内就可以排空，故不需验纯。 (3)装置小巧灵活，现象明显 (4)节省原料。 [11]李秋苑.乙醇与金属钠反应的实验探究与改进[J].新课程学习，2013(3):15. 从现象中发现两个疑点:反应过程中明显观察到大量烟雾，这些烟雾是什么,对实验是否造成影响, 迅速倒转烧杯，向烧杯中加入少量澄清的石灰水。这一步骤的目的是检验是否产生二氧化碳气体，通常很难观察到任何变化，一般认为实验不存在二氧化碳气体，但笔者认为这一步骤的设计存在较大的缺陷，二氧化碳密度比空气大，当二氧化碳量少且烧杯口一直向下时，倒转烧杯再加入澄清石灰水时观察不到浑浊现象是完全可能的。 office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 经过实验 图1、图2、图3的探究，得出的结论是:无水乙醇与金属钠反 应产生的氢气中混有乙醇蒸汽 ! 改进后的实验装置同样简单，操作方便，现象明显，并且完全排除了乙醇蒸汽对实验的影响。 [12]方超.乙醇与金属钠反应实验的改进[J].时代教育，2004(11):22. office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 改进后的优点 a.产生误差的因素减少了b.无水乙醇的量容易控制c.不用考虑导气管中残留的液体的量。 注意事项 a.输液器侧管一定要封死,以防气体从此逸出;b.金属钠一定要过量,防止无水乙醇反应不充 足,出现实验误差;c.滴加无水乙醇速度要慢,如果滴加速度太快,反应产生的热量会在短时间内使无水乙醇的温度快速升高,使无水乙醇汽化随气体逸出,增大实验误差。 [13]吴国锋.乙醇与金属钠反应实验的改进[J],化学教学，2011(3):41. office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage [14]朱文波.乙醇与金属钠反应实验的改进[J].新课程-中学，2012(9):180. 钠与乙醇反应的实验是在大试管中进行的，在试管中进行这个实验，点燃后燃烧现象不明显，实验效果不好。 !* 实验步骤 a.在注射器里加入一小块新切的"用滤纸擦干表面煤油的金属钠. b.用注射器抽取无水乙醇10s左右后点燃气体，并把一干燥的烧杯罩在火焰上，片 刻在烧杯壁上出现液滴，迅速倒转烧杯后，向烧杯中加入少量澄 清石灰水，观察实验现象. [15]赵立国，齐俊林.乙醇与金属钠反应实验的新方法[J].中国教育技术装备，2011(3):93. 原因:产生氢气的量少，不能将试管中的空气排尽，得不到纯氢气。 [16]凌崇忠，刘关钻.乙醇与钠反应实验的简易安全设计[J].化学教育，2010(6):66-73. 问题:气体中有乙醇钠; 由于针头很短,使收集气体并检验其纯度的操作难度较大。 office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage []晏胜秀,刘开饶.乙醇与钠反应实验教学方法的探索与改进[J].化学教育， 1999(12):11-12. office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 王环菊.钠与乙醇反应的实验改进[J].化学教育，1996(4):10. office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage