透视职业打假人如何去打假

透视职业打假人如何去打假 透视职业打假人如何去打假, 透视职业打假人如何去打假,摘要 喻晖的打假“风格”是:短、平、快。正规的商场超市是喻晖的主要“目标”。他发现问题商品后，若问题不普遍，会通知商场值班经理，建议他们撤柜，加强管理。 “你准备何时退出打假维权的行列,”对于这句被反复问及的话语，66岁的喻晖思索片刻后，回答仍模棱两可，“这个不好说。” 尔后，他又开始兴奋地讲述他打假生涯的各种经历。 因坚持打假19年，每年“3?15”国际消费者权益日前后，素有“湖南王海”之称的喻晖总是电话不断:接受采访、应邀参与“打假”行动、为消费者答疑解惑……用他自己的话说，就是“人气最火爆的时候”。 然而，与喻晖的“风光”相比，在打假维权这个行业，全国各地每年都有人带着沮丧抱憾离开。 这个群体的背后，很难用简单的几个“标签”来解读全部。 为何要打假, 从普通消费者变成专业的打假维权人士，几乎都有一个共同特征:曾是消费权益的受害者。 在打假界，“元老”王海是一个绕不开的人物。1995年3月，这位22岁的山东青岛人在北京一商场购买了两副耳机，后被证实为假冒商品。 抱着一试的心态，王海依据1994年1月1日起施行的《消费者权益保护法》，成功索赔。 按照当时的《消费者权益保护法》第49条规定，经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或者接受服务的费用的一倍。也就是说，成功打假索赔，将获100%的收益。 这一年，被称之为“消费者维权元年”，一批个人打假索赔者相继出现，是为“王海现象”。 喻晖打假的“第一桶金”，便是依靠消费者权益保护法的这条规定获得的。1996年的3月15日，喻晖来到长沙市东塘某百货大楼购买了360元名为“商务牌”的不锈钢系列产品，随后他发现，该商场卖的都是冒名顶替的假货，原本产自上海的知名品牌“商务牌”不锈钢产品，却贴着产自潮州厂家的伪造商标。 商场主管出面受理了喻晖的投诉。之后不到两个小时，他依法拿到翻了一番的货款赔偿金720元。 在此之前，喻晖因受伪劣商品之害，变得穷困潦倒。1993年，喻晖在长沙创办了一所民营美容美发培训学校。他花十余万元从广州购回一批教学设施，用了不到半年，便频频出现故that selecting the right combination of ancestor spirits and local practice, selecting the right combination of leadership and grass-roots, selecting the right research and work needs Of combined points, selected associate particularity and General of combined points, carefully selected some has representative of rural and enterprise as research contact points, select some life in front line, and fighting in most frontier of workers and farmers as discussion object, real do sank down, and squat have live, asked meter Yu grass-roots, knowledge Yu practice, makes investigation of results has more strong of ideological, and policy sex, and constructive and can operation sex. Third, to put the findings into practice. On one hand, you want to research embodied in the speech and file, improving the quality of your presentation. The other hand, to promote the transformation of research results as soon as possible to the Government's decision to carry forward the work. 4, standardized procedures, strictly, a really good job handling official documents. One is to strict customs policies and regulations. Office workers need to enhance legal literacy and professional quality to effectively document audit checks work, raise the level of document processing. Special on intends released of documents, not only to seriously audit documents of style, and format, as appropriate text, more important of also to audit documents of content whether meet legal regulations and existing policy; involved people vital interests of whether heard has the aspects views and recommends; involved legal regulations of documents, whether sought has Government legal sector of views, avoid file and file fight, and regulations and regulations fight of phenomenon, ensure issued of documents specification, and legal, and unified. Second is to strictly 障，甚至险些酿出安全事故，这给学校声誉造成巨大的负面影响。喻晖办学血本无归，还欠下了十几万元银行贷款。 “最初打假是为了报复制假的商家，但后来发现，原来打假也有无限商机。”之后，喻晖索性“改行”，一门心思加入到打假行业。 被外界称之为长沙“较真哥”的黄平国，亦是源于受害而成为打假人。1997年，黄平国把1000多公斤工业盐买回来当食盐，而卖盐的商家却不愿赔偿。为此，他跑了所有相关政府部门，均被“踢皮球”。从此，他开始关注监督政府部门工作和维护消费者权益。 当然，除了能够维权，打假人也能享受到由此带来的经济利益。 依据《食品安全法》规定，生产不符合食品安全标准的食品或者销售明知是不符合食品安全标准的食品，消费者除要求赔偿损失外，还可以向生产者或者销售者要求支付价款10倍的赔偿金。 此外，根据《消费者权益保护法》第55条规定，经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或者接受服务的费用的三倍;增加赔偿的金额不足五百元，为五百元。 怎样去打假, “社会上将我们称之为„职业打假人?，我认为述欠妥。”对于这个称谓，喻晖与黄平国均表达了相同的观点。 在他们看来，严格意义上的“职业打假人”应该是指工商、质监等部门的执法人员，“我们只能算是专业打假人士或热心维权者。” 然而，打假并非易事，涉及方方面面，包括诸多专业的食品安全知识。多位打假人士透露，在他们这个圈子中，普遍文化水平不高，素质良莠不齐，这也成了一些打假人退出的主要原因。 要想在“打假圈”立足，必须有自己的生存法则。 熟稔法律法规自然是必不可少的“基本功”。在接受记者采访时，喻晖、黄平国等打假人士，对于《消费者权益保护法》、《法》、《产品质量法》、《食品安全法》等法律条文，能随便说出具体的条款。 王海是打假群体中首个以公司打假为主的人。1996年，他创办北京大海商务顾问有限公司，随后又成立王海热线工作室。前者帮助企业打击侵犯知识产权行为，并协助执法部门取缔之，后者则为百姓提供免费咨询。 被称为“新疆打假第一人”的郑郁新，2001年从单位辞职后，从事过婚姻调查、债务追讨等业务。当看到王海将个人维权上升到公司维权后，郑郁新2004年也成立了调查事务所，把that selecting the right combination of ancestor spirits and local practice, selecting the right combination of leadership and grass-roots, selecting the right research and work needs Of combined points, selected associate particularity and General of combined points, carefully selected some has representative of rural and enterprise as research contact points, select some life in front line, and fighting in most frontier of workers and farmers as discussion object, real do sank down, and squat have live, asked meter Yu grass-roots, knowledge Yu practice, makes investigation of results has more strong of ideological, and policy sex, and constructive and can operation sex. Third, to put the findings into practice. On one hand, you want to research embodied in the speech and file, improving the quality of your presentation. The other hand, to promote the transformation of research results as soon as possible to the Government's decision to carry forward the work. 4, standardized procedures, strictly, a really good job handling official documents. One is to strict customs policies and regulations. Office workers need to enhance legal literacy and professional quality to effectively document audit checks work, raise the level of document processing. Special on intends released of documents, not only to seriously audit documents of style, and format, as appropriate text, more important of also to audit documents of content whether meet legal regulations and existing policy; involved people vital interests of whether heard has the aspects views and recommends; involved legal regulations of documents, whether sought has Government legal sector of views, avoid file and file fight, and regulations and regulations fight of phenomenon, ensure issued of documents specification, and legal, and unified. Second is to strictly 知识产权保护作为公司最主要的一项业务。 “个人买假索赔有其局限性，不可能成为一个长远的事业。”王海认为，成立公司后，可以抵御各种风险，也可以通过组织与组织的博弈，取得胜利。 而今，王海的打假公司事业越做越大，深圳、杭州等地正在筹建新的分公司。他很满意自己现在的打假状态:靠两家不同的公司“两条腿”走路，既可赚钱，也不妨碍帮助、指导消费者打假维权。 但是，目前活跃在许多城市的职业打假人，多数仍是单兵作战。 多位打假维权人士告诉中新网记者，通常情况下，他们在发现“问题食品(商品)”后，首先会选择找到商场、卖家或生产厂家交涉，如果协商不成再找当地工商部门;若再未果，则采取起诉方式。 喻晖的打假“风格”是:短、平、快。正规的商场超市是喻晖的主要“目标”。他发现问题商品后，若问题不普遍，会通知商场值班经理，建议他们撤柜，加强管理。 反之，如该商品为品牌，销售量多面广、性质恶劣，他搜集证据后会以最快速度找到工商部门，让他们协调处理。 “一味地跟商场去交涉，弄得不好就被对方扣上敲诈的帽子。”喻晖说。 喻晖并不否认打假索赔能赚钱，他用“利国利民利己”来回应外界的质疑。他说，在保护消费者的合法权益过程中自己付出了劳动代价，赚钱也是合法所得。 与喻晖相较，今年41岁的黄平国打起假来，更“生猛”一些。 黄平国介绍，他购买商品后，会在第一时间将购物**、产品包装等凭据扫描下来，快递给工商或质检等执法部门。如未在规定的时间内等到官方答复，他便起诉政府行政不作为，其后才会考虑打民事官司索赔。 近年来，黄平国上百次向企业索赔，数十次状告政府部门。“较真哥”的称号由此而生。 对于时下流行的“网购”打假，喻晖因为过于麻烦选择了放弃。但这丝毫未影响到黄平国的兴趣。黄说，若收到货品后发现有问题，他依旧会采取惯用的方式:向企业注册所在地的工商部门递交书面材料，让他们出具受理书和处理结果，逾期则起诉。 打假维权之困 任何事情都有其多面性，打假维权也不例外。至今，针对打假人群体，仍存在一些争议。 喻晖估计，中国的大多数城市，都有百人左右的职业打假队伍。北京、上海、广州、深圳等发达城市打假人员相对要多，大约在1000人左右，这与一个地方的经济发展息息相关。不that selecting the right combination of ancestor spirits and local practice, selecting the right combination of leadership and grass-roots, selecting the right research and work needs Of combined points, selected associate particularity and General of combined points, carefully selected some has representative of rural and enterprise as research contact points, select some life in front line, and fighting in most frontier of workers and farmers as discussion object, real do sank down, and squat have live, asked meter Yu grass-roots, knowledge Yu practice, makes investigation of results has more strong of ideological, and policy sex, and constructive and can operation sex. Third, to put the findings into practice. On one hand, you want to research embodied in the speech and file, improving the quality of your presentation. The other hand, to promote the transformation of research results as soon as possible to the Government's decision to carry forward the work. 4, standardized procedures, strictly, a really good job handling official documents. One is to strict customs policies and regulations. Office workers need to enhance legal literacy and professional quality to effectively document audit checks work, raise the level of document processing. Special on intends released of documents, not only to seriously audit documents of style, and format, as appropriate text, more important of also to audit documents of content whether meet legal regulations and existing policy; involved people vital interests of whether heard has the aspects views and recommends; involved legal regulations of documents, whether sought has Government legal sector of views, avoid file and file fight, and regulations and regulations fight of phenomenon, ensure issued of documents specification, and legal, and unified. Second is to strictly 过，目前对于这一行业的规模，尚无官方统计数据。 在记者随机采访时，一些受访人士认为，早年的职业打假人往往以消费者代表、打假英雄形象面世。但后来很多人都觉得，他们越来越像是生意人，甚至把打假作为牟利的工具和职业。 某知名酒类湖南分公司一位从事售后服务十余年的负责人感叹，“职业打假人”具备一定的专业素质，精通相关专业知识，一旦出手基本不落空。而许多知名商家为了顾及品牌声誉与社会影响，不想进入审判程序，多数以调解及和解的方式了结。 该负责人说，一些普通消费者遇到消费纠纷时，也乐意去找职业打假人，获得赔偿后私下分成。因此，走法律程序只需几百元即可解决的问题，职业打假人介入后，往往要成倍赔偿才肯收场，“更有甚者，在利益驱动下，一些打假人成为竞争对手之托的„枪手?。” 这位人士也透露，新产品上市前，一些公司会主动找到打假人，请他们对外包装等进行“把关”，以免日后惹麻烦。 这个群里遭受外界诟病的重要原因是，其中不乏一些敲诈勒索而获刑的打假人。2011年12月15日，有“成都打假第一人”之称的刘江因犯“敲诈勒索罪”，被重庆市万州区法院一审判处有期徒刑7年。该案庭审时，曾吸引了全国各地一些职业打假人前往旁听。 事实上，专业打假人士需要承受的，不仅仅是来自外部的质疑，还有来自法律层面的困惑。 多位受访的打假人士在接受中新网记者采访时说，过去，对“知假买假”、“诱假买假”的消费者要求经营者“退一赔一”的诉讼请求，一些法院不予支持。 直到去年3月15日，《最高人民法院关于审理食品药品纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》施行，其中的第三条明确:“因食品、药品质量问题发生纠纷，购买者向生产者、销售者主张权利，生产者、销售者以购买者明知食品、药品存在质量问题而仍然购买为由进行抗辩的，人民法院不予支持。” “这一司法解释等于对争议了近20年的知假买假问题给予了一个明确的司法结论。”喻晖说。 即便如此，王海依旧认为，单纯从商业的角度说，打假不是一门好生意。王海说，公众看到的只是他们赚钱的一面，职业打假人的生存状态鲜有人关注——即便他戴着墨镜，还要抵御各种风险的侵袭，如恐吓、威胁。诸如此类境况，喻晖、黄平国等也都遭遇过。 不过，对于打假人群体，点赞者兼有之。湖南师范大学法学院教授黄捷表示，打假行为微观上虽然存在着一些具体问题，但总体上对社会是有益的，可以帮助社会净化在消费服务领域的违法不端行为。 中国消费者协会律师团团长邱宝昌说，只要没有采取违法的方式，都应给予支持。他认为，打假对规范经济秩序及广大消费者多有裨益，不能因为打假人牟利，而追究打假人的责任。 打假人待规范引导 that selecting the right combination of ancestor spirits and local practice, selecting the right combination of leadership and grass-roots, selecting the right research and work needs Of combined points, selected associate particularity and General of combined points, carefully selected some has representative of rural and enterprise as research contact points, select some life in front line, and fighting in most frontier of workers and farmers as discussion object, real do sank down, and squat have live, asked meter Yu grass-roots, knowledge Yu practice, makes investigation of results has more strong of ideological, and policy sex, and constructive and can operation sex. Third, to put the findings into practice. On one hand, you want to research embodied in the speech and file, improving the quality of your presentation. The other hand, to promote the transformation of research results as soon as possible to the Government's decision to carry forward the work. 4, standardized procedures, strictly, a really good job handling official documents. One is to strict customs policies and regulations. Office workers need to enhance legal literacy and professional quality to effectively document audit checks work, raise the level of document processing. Special on intends released of documents, not only to seriously audit documents of style, and format, as appropriate text, more important of also to audit documents of content whether meet legal regulations and existing policy; involved people vital interests of whether heard has the aspects views and recommends; involved legal regulations of documents, whether sought has Government legal sector of views, avoid file and file fight, and regulations and regulations fight of phenomenon, ensure issued of documents specification, and legal, and unified. Second is to strictly “有时候买假不一定能得到赔偿，风险很大。”喻晖说，2000年以前坚持至今的湖南专业打假人已所剩无几，一些打假多年的同行无奈退出了这个圈子。 他认为，消费者不可能对每件商品了如指掌，仅能凭经验对商品属性进行初步判断，顶多只是怀疑，鉴定难是当前消费者普遍存在的维权困局。 从事打假维权多年的黄平国说，虽然通过打假人士的介入，不合规格要求的商品食品逐年有所好转，但仍不容乐观，这需要职能部门继续加大监管力度。 “我希望天下无假，更愿意看到消费打假维权这个行业失去市场。”黄平国充满期待地说。 湖南师范大学法学院教授黄捷表示，在对打假人士总体接受和认可的基础上，应注意规范和制约打假人的部分不端行为。他们有一些极具个人主义和追求发财、牟利的打假行为，极容易超越界限，从而危害市场秩序和法律规范。因此，他建议在对其合法行为予以保障的基础上，明确界定其不可逾越的法律界限，比如不得陷阱打假，不得敲诈勒索，不得暴力胁迫等。 湖南万和联合律师所李健律师认为，职业打假人是监督市场消费公平诚信的一股不可忽视的力量，但仍有其不足之处，需要国家予以规范引导。比如是否可以对该群体给予明确立法保护支持，让其更加光明正大地打假，减少社会非议。同时也给予一定的技术指引，让其打假更加规范有成效。最后对该群体也要考虑给予一定的监督培训，从而防范矫枉过正，敲诈勒索行为的发生。(完) that selecting the right combination of ancestor spirits and local practice, selecting the right combination of leadership and grass-roots, selecting the right research and work needs Of combined points, selected associate particularity and General of combined points, carefully selected some has representative of rural and enterprise as research contact points, select some life in front line, and fighting in most frontier of workers and farmers as discussion object, real do sank down, and squat have live, asked meter Yu grass-roots, knowledge Yu practice, makes investigation of results has more strong of ideological, and policy sex, and constructive and can operation sex. Third, to put the findings into practice. On one hand, you want to research embodied in the speech and file, improving the quality of your presentation. The other hand, to promote the transformation of research results as soon as possible to the Government's decision to carry forward the work. 4, standardized procedures, strictly, a really good job handling official documents. One is to strict customs policies and regulations. Office workers need to enhance legal literacy and professional quality to effectively document audit checks work, raise the level of document processing. Special on intends released of documents, not only to seriously audit documents of style, and format, as appropriate text, more important of also to audit documents of content whether meet legal regulations and existing policy; involved people vital interests of whether heard has the aspects views and recommends; involved legal regulations of documents, whether sought has Government legal sector of views, avoid file and file fight, and regulations and regulations fight of phenomenon, ensure issued of documents specification, and legal, and unified. Second is to strictly