FWD 四轮驱动车(EN)

FWD 四轮驱动车(EN) Sino Mining Co., Ltd Safety Driving Technique Training For U/G Four-Wheel Drive The vehicle driver causes many accidents, and most of them are because of the drivers’ negligence, however, these accidents could be prevented. Therefore, we hope all the vehicle drivers as possible as to improve their driving skill, and keep sound attitude, set up the high responsibility for the company property, moreover, adopt preventive driving technique to avoid any accident occurs. Four-wheel Drive Truck The 4X4 truck is greatly differs with other vehicles. Regarding to the modeling character of this type, it is much more dangerous than the other ordinary vehicles. Compare with the ordinary vehicles, the 4X4 truck has more dangerous possibility with high chassis and high center of gravity when it drives same speed as the ordinary vehicles. The most common accident occurs with 4X4 truck is turn over. Preventive Driving Technique The purpose of preventive driving technique is to improve the drivers’ driving lever; hence the accident can be reduced. Based on the data statistic, 85% vehicle accidents could be prevented by the driver. The preventive driving technique can be defined to prevent the accident occur by eliminating the influence of the others and outside. The drivers of Sino Mining must be cautious and adopt the best treat method whenever or whatever vehicle type he drives (2 wheel drive or 4 wheel drive). The driver with good preventive driving technique can be quick response so that prevent the accident happen. Therefore, Sino Mining expects all the drivers attend the training of preventive driving technique in associated with underground cases. The basic preventive driving technique that suitable for all the vehicles: , Slow down when you are in disadvantageous case, including traffic jam, uneven road (water, sand, oil, fog, moist road, slurry, tire mark etc) poor visibility. , Obey “2 seconds regulation” to keep vehicle distance. Generally, The time you pass one point is 2 second slow than that of the car in front of you. The vehicle distance should be more far if there is poor road condition or with the trailer, (adopt “4 seconds regulation”). , Mark way to production and emergency vehicle to avoid accident occurs. Pay attention to the case of the front or back of the vehicle so as to prevent any possible problem occur. Once you find emergency, the proper measure should be adopted immediately. Don’t take “waiting attitude”, you should clear your ability and the function of the vehicle itself. , Keep the top lap on all the time; otherwise the driver is hard to see you well. , Concentrate on your mind. , To choose the safety place when you are parking on the roadside underground, you’d better park the car on the straight road, the place where turn around and the crossroad should be avoided. , Drive by the actual fact but not the memory. Vehicle operation /Wangxing/2001, Nov 1 Sino Mining Co., Ltd , Keep distance with the car in front of you, the reasonable visibility can reduce the damage for the windshield, radiator, and head lap because of the carpolite. Since the dust fell down before the car had forwarded. , Keep the front lap on all the time. Press the horn when you are not able to identify the corner of road or crossroad. , Slow down the speed if another car overpass you. There are many unexpected cases happen when you are driving; the proper method can be adopted according to the actual fact in underground. Driving in the cold weather , The antifreeze is necessary for the water tank of the car. The inspection work for checking the density of antifreeze in the water tank should be confirmed before the winter comes, and check if necessary to shake up the antifreeze in water tank. , Frequently check the storage battery and wire, oil road to ensure ignition works well without any problem. , To use the proper antifreeze in the detergent of the windshield. , The concentration of mechanical oil should fit the cold weather. , Put antifreeze of mechanical oil to the tank. , Clean up the water and fog on the windshield. You should be very careful when you are driving on the sludgy road underground. If the car get stuck in the mud, the tyre chain and iron shovel are useful. You should be very conscious to drive on the sludgy road underground. If you meet big pond, you should get off the car and to check the rigidity of road, water depth, and the track. Don’t drive unreasoningly. Vehicle startup underground There are big friction resistance between the tyre and the floor when the truck startup. However, the motor motivity is limited, therefore, it relies on the speed ratio changes of gearbox and main reducer to improve the motivity while the truck startup. The proper gear should be chosen on the basis of the road condition so that the vehicle startup can be stable and without vibration, flameout. Vehicle shift gears There are three shifts speed in driving: 1. Control increase & reduce speed of the engine by adjusting the throttle. 2. Change driving speed by the brake. 3. Transform the gear to change transmission (add gear or reduce gear); the different resistance can be created, which make different driving speed. The shift gears can be defined the fulfillment of vehicle speed ratio through people operation, add or reduce gear during the vehicle transmission so as Vehicle operation /Wangxing/2001, Nov 2 Sino Mining Co., Ltd to gain the safety and economic vehicle speed. The essential of shift gears is to change transmission speed ratio of vehicle. Requirements and Points for attention for the shift gears technique Technical requirements for shift gears: timely, accurate, stable, and speedy. Points for attention for shift gears: , Two eyes should be concentrated on the forward direction, and don’t stare at the parts of the driver’s cab. , Don’t shake when gear stick shifts to the neutral gear. , Hold steering wheel when shift gears, keep the truck running in the good way when you doing the shift gears operation. , In the cold weather, you should take slow driving with low gear after startup. Gradually change to high-speed gear after every parts reach to proper temperature. , Don’t force push and strong pull when shift gears. If there is strong strike in the gear, you should composedly find out the reason before you start to operation in case the parts damaged. Truck Reversing Back the car in underground is much difficult than forward the car. The main reason is that the visibility is restricted, the water, fog on the glass prevent to see clearly when you reverse the truck, moreover, turning around when reversing the truck is not as convenient, flexible, accurate as overtake the truck. Operation method of reversing truck To send out the signal for reversing and look all around and choose the target to forward or reverse are necessary when you reversing the truck. Get off to survey all around if necessary, and check if any car in the front or back position; shift to reverse at the case of stop the truck after you chosen reversing target, carry on the reversing operation by the correct driving gesture. Key points for reversing the truck: “ Slow driving, and quick turn direction”. Points for attention for reversing the truck: , Stop the truck in the good condition; get off the truck to survey reversing position. If the place to be reversed is quite complicate, to choose a basic point is necessary for turn around during the reversing; If reverse the truck from side direction, you may make a mark (the place to turn around) on the rear wheel; for instance, put a stone as standard to reversing the truck. , Reversing the truck in the dangerous place, you’d better ask people to conduct at the back of the truck and fix the watchword as well, i.e.: back means continue to reverse, stop or ok mean stop reversing. The conduct person should send out a signal to stop if the truck is close the roadblock 0.5m in case the driver lag into the danger after the conduct person had asked stop. Vehicle operation /Wangxing/2001, Nov 3 Sino Mining Co., Ltd Lights The driver’s visibility is greatly influenced because of the scope of lights and limitation of brightness when driving in underground, which is more difficult than driving surface. In underground, driver has to identify the case with the shaking lights. Not only the eyes are easy to get tired but sometimes can create illusion. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety driving in underground, the diver must know and master the driving regularity and character, attentively survey, and cautious operation. Lights have two functions for lighting and signaling. Diver should be flexible to use the lights according to the actual cases. When driving in underground, open the lap first, identify the road and avoid accident. Stable parking the car in underground, using the hand brake, shutting down the head lap; keep the waning light and top lap. U/D vehicle wading , Survey the water depth carefully before you wade. The case under the water (sand or stone) and the condition of wading, judge if the truck can pass there safely. , To make sure the wade route with taking account into the structure of truck. , Take the following measure if the depth exceed the truck’s maximum wade water depth: , Close shutter and fan belt. , Raise the position of storage battery. , Add more mechanical antifreeze to the tank. , The tube should be fitted to muffler and make it bend for exhaust well, or dismantle the muffler. Points for attention: , Drive the car with the low gear into the water, preventing the spray to the parts of engine. , Keep enough and stable power in driving, avoiding change gear during the driving and stop or turn direction in sudden. , Stop the car immediately and cannot force to forward if the wheel turning without moving forward. Don’t make the motor swift off and then push or pull by people or the other truck, otherwise, it will be get into more deep. , The car with front axis drive should be fitted front wheel drive for strengthening function. , Several trucks should not wade at same time. All the trucks must pass one by one respectively. Neatening work after landing , Reinstall fan belt after landing. , Restore the battery. , Take out the tube, restore the muffler. Vehicle operation /Wangxing/2001, Nov 4 Sino Mining Co., Ltd , Drive with low gear, continuous to run the brake for eliminating the remainder moisture in the brake. Drive normally after the function of brake is restored. The driver must aware that the vehicle is related with its control on the different cases, and he is able to drive at the continuous changing road condition and adjust the vehicle to deal with the danger cases on the road. i.e. arc road, crooked road, slope etc. On the case of other vehicles, passenger, crossroad, and blind zone, the driver must know how to control the truck on the danger case and how to fit the case of poor visibility. Vehicle brake Vehicle brake defines the course of deceleration till to stop. Normally, full wheels are to be braked, the brake power is exceed drive power, so deceleration exceeds acceleration. Various brakes methods can be adopted to realize the purpose of brake according to the different driving condition. , Decelerate brake: reduce the drive speed, stop the car by the different cases or release the brake. , Inertial brake: Restrict the acceleration of brake power down slope. , Continuous brake: Keep using brake when the truck drives down to long slope. , Emergency brake: The maximum brake should be used when emergency happens. , Parking brake: To prevent moving of motionless truck Vehicle brake course is the course of deceleration and stop driving. Brake and deceleration or stop the car are restricted by many outside facts, i.e. ground, air etc. Safety parking and operation sequence There are three kinds of parking methods: high-speed parking, low-speed parking, fixed place parking. High-speed parking (over 10 km/per hour) , Observe the forward place of road, choose the place where is wide and allow to parking. , Open the direction indicator to show the trucks in front and back of you, and then loose the accelerator pedal, step on the brake pedal to slow down the speed gradually. , When gradually slow down the truck, turn the direction on the right side and ensure parking straight and safety. , To engage the clutch when the speed slow down to 10 km/hour,. , Use the first or reversing gear after the car stopped. Strain the hand brake, and shut down the ignition, switch off the motor, and then declutch, loose brake pedal. , Close the right direction indicator. Vehicle operation /Wangxing/2001, Nov 5 Sino Mining Co., Ltd Low-speed parking (within 10km/hour) , Observe the forward place of road, choose the place where is wide and allow to parking. , Open the right direction indicator to show to the car in the front and back of you, and drive to right side gradually. , Loose accelerator pedal after the car parked in the proper position, and step clutch pedal and brake pedal as well. , Use the first or reverse gear after the car stopped. Strain the hand brake, and shut down the ignition, switch off the motor, and then declutch, loose brake pedal. , Close the right direction indicator. , Strain the hand brake and lock the door. Vehicle operation /Wangxing/2001, Nov 6