全国高教自考“英语（二）”

全国高教自考“英语（二）” 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 2004年10月全国高教自考“英语(二)”试题(含答案) 2004年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语二 第一部分 选择题(共50分) I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 point, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑( 1. It offers us a fuller sense of being intensely alive from to moment. A. time B. moment C. period D. instant 2. It may be worth remembering that John Major didn't himself go to Oxford, most of his ministers did. A. after B. since C. while D. if 3. The effects of rapid travel the body are far more disturbing than we realize. A. on B. in C. for D. to 4. Her powers of persuasion were no avail. A. for B. by C. with D. to 5. There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go through the of all shaking hands with you. A. process B. prospect C. precedent D. presence 6. It is the right to change employers which employment from slavery. A. distinguishes B. derives C. releases D. relieves 7. It is touching to see how a cat or dog itself to a family and wants to share in all its goings and comings. A. sacrifices B. opposes C. exposes D. attaches 8. A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties . A. rise B. raise C. arise D. arouse 9. The challenge is not one of expansion , the rapid growth in enrollment over the last 40 years has come to an end. A. As a result B. By all means C. In contrast D. On the contrary 10. Management often works hard to set up a situation work is done in series. A. that B. where C. which D. what II. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空格，每个空格有四个选项(根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将 相应的字母涂黑( Maybe you know that the letter “V” stands for Victory in western countries. But do you know the 11 of the sign? During World War II, Europe was occupied by the Germans. A lot of people 12 to Britain. Among them was one Belgian (比利时人) 13 Victor Dalveli. He loved his country very much. And every day, he used shortwave radio to broadcast to the Belgian people, calling 14 them to resist the German occupies. On the last day of 1940, he asked his countrymen to write the 15 “V” wherever they could to show their determination to win the final victory. In a few days, it appeared everywhere. 16 , it spread to the other occupied countries in Europe. Because it was simple and 17 it soon became very popular. When friends met, they stretched out 18 middle and index 94625938.doc 第 1 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 fingers to greet each other. At that time, in certain restaurants, knives and forks were placed in such a way 19 form a “V”. And in some clock shops clocks were purposely stopped 20 11:05 to show the sign of “V”. 11. A. meaning B. shape C. history D. definition 12. A. had escaped B. escaped C. have escaped D. escape 13. A. naming B. being named C. named D. to name 14. A. up B. out C. on D. off 15. A. letter B. alphabet C. expression D. word 16. A. Latter B. Later C. Late D. Lately 17. A. meaningful B. energetic C. magnificent D. interesting 18. A. his B. their C. one's D. everybody's 19. A. in order to B. so as to C. so to D. as to 20. A. on B. in C. by D. at III. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item) 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂 黑( Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. In reading the world's great literature on human excellence and personal success, I've found that to launch ourselves into a life of true success we need to satisfy one basic condition: pursue our vision with stubborn (顽强的) consistency. The biggest difference between people who succeed and those who don't is not usually talent but persistence. On my way to work one morning, I met Rudy Ruettiger, who is now a motivational speaker. He has grown up in Joliet, listening to stories about Notre Dame and dreaming of one day playing football there. Friends told him he wasn't a good enough student to be admitted. So he gave up his dream and went to work in a power plant. Then a friend was killed in an accident at work. Shocked, Rudy suddenly realized that life is too short not to pursue your dreams. In 1972, at the age of 23, he enrolled at Holy Cross Junior College in South Bend, Ind. He got good enough grades to transfer to Notre Dame, where he finally made the football team as a member of the “scout team”, the players who help the team prepare for games. Rudy was living his dream, almost. But he wasn't allowed to suit up for the games themselves. The next year, after Rudy requested it, the coach told Rudy he could put on his uniform for the season's final game. And there he sat, on the Notre Dame bench during the game. A student started shouting, “We want Rudy!” Soon others joined in. Finally, at the age of 27, with 27 seconds left to play, Rudy Ruettiger was sent onto the field-and made the final tackle (阻截). So his team won the game. When I met Rudy 17 year later, it was in the parking lot outside Notre Dame stadium (体 育场), where a camera crew was filming scenes for Rudy, a motion picture about his life. His story illustrates that there is no limit to where your dreams can take you. 21. The writer believes that the key to achieving success is . A. developing one's talent B. seizing opportunities 94625938.doc 第 2 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 C. having wide vision D. sticking to one's goal 22. According to the passage, Rudy once gave up his dream of playing football for Notre Dame because . A. his friend was killed there B. his foot was injured in an accident C. he lacked confidence in himself D. he failed in the entrance examination 23. Rudy quit his job in the power plant because . A. his friend encouraged him to B. his outlook on life changed C. he was disappointed in his future D. he was shocked by his friend's death 24. Rudy was transferred to Notre Dame . A. as a good student B. as a good player C. with the help of a coach D. with the help of a friend 25. A camera crew was making a movie about Rudy's life because . A. Rudy was the oldest player at Notre Dame B. Rudy succeeded in realizing his dream C. Rudy was the best speaker at Notre Dame D. Rudy succeeded in developing his ability Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. NASA, the U.S. space agency, believes there's a good chance that we're not alone in the universe. Last fall, NASA began a new project called the High Resolution Microwave Survey (HRMS). Its aim: to find evidence of life in one of the billions of galaxies in the universe. The search for intelligent life on other planets isn't new. It began almost 100 years ago. That's when scientists built a huge transmitter to send radio waves into space. Scientists thought smart beings on other planets might pick up the signals. Scientists also have sent a message about humans and our solar system to a nearby constellation (星座). But because the constellation is 25,000 light years away, a return message wouldn't reach Earth for 50,000 years! So don't wait up for an answer. So far, no extraterrestrial (地球外的) beings that we know of have returned our “calls.” But according to Dr. Jill Tarter, an HRMS scientist, we haven't exactly had our ears wide open. “Now, however,” says Dr. Tarter, “we've built the tools we need to listen well.” Last October, Dr. Tarter switched on the largest radio receiver in the world. It's an enormous metal bowl stretching 1,000 feet across a valley in Puerto Rico. Meanwhile, another NASA scientist turned on a huge radio receiver in California's Mojave Desert. NASA hopes these big dishes-and others around the world-will pick up radio signals from new world. Dr. Frank Drake has been searching for life in outer space for years. He explains the HRMS project this way: To listen to your radio, you move the tuner on the dial until the 94625938.doc 第 3 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 channels come in loud and clear: Now imagine radio receivers that scan our galaxy “listening” to 14 million channels every second. That's what NASA's radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are doing. But that's not all. Powerful computers hooked to the receivers examine every signal carefully. The computers try to match the signals to ones that scientists already recognize, such as human-made signals. If they can't, Drake and Tarter check on them. “It could prove there is radio technology elsewhere in the universe,” says Dr. Tarter. “And that would mean we're not alone.” 26、NASA scientists started a new project in order to _______. A、 discover life in other galaxies B、 send human beings into space C、 find evidence of a new galaxy D、 confirm the number of galaxies 27、According to Dr.Jill Tarter ,the reason why we haven't received any return any return messages from outer space is that_______. A、 our ears are not sharp enough to hear them B、 our equipment hasn't been good enough C、 it takes millions of yuars for them to reach us D、 it takes quite a long time to send them 28、Dr.Jill Tarter compares the large receiver to _______. A、 the human ear B、 the universe C、 a metal bowl D、 a huge dish 29、According to Dr.Frank Drake ,NASA's radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are _______. A、 trying to check on every channel carefully B、 moving the tuner on the dial for clear channels 、 scanning the universe for possible signals C D、 picking up radio signals from new world 30、The best title of this passage is ________. A、 Signals from the Space B、 The Invention of New Radio Receivers C、 The Intelligent Life in Outer Space D、 NASA Listens for Space Neighbors Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Even a careful motorist(开汽车的人) may commit a motoring offence (违法).In this case, he will appear in a police court .This is a court ruled by a judge without a jury (陪 审团).A judge has powers to pass sentence for relatively minor offences only ;serious charges are dealt with by a judge and a jury. In certain cases, a motoring offender may choose to go before a judge and a jury ,instead 94625938.doc 第 4 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 of appearing before just a judge .A court is also used for the conduct of preliminary investigations to dedermine whether or not a motoring offender shall appear for trial in a higher court. When his case comes up in court ,the motorist hears his name called by the clerk of the court, and comes forward to identify himself.The judge then calls for the policeman who charged the offender and asks him to give evidence. He is expected to ive an account of what happened when the offence was committed and to mention any special circumstances.For example the offence may have been partly due to the foolishness of another motorist.It would be unwise for the motoring offender to exaggerate this.It will not help his case to try to blame someone else for his own mistake. If you are guilty ,it is of course wise to admit it and say you're sorry for committing the offence and taking up the court's time .Judges are not heartless and a motorist may be lucky enough to hear one say:“You've got good reasons ,but you have broken the law and I'll have to impose a fine .Pay five pounds.Next case.” Some short-tempered people forget that both policemen and judges have a public duty to perform,and aren rude to them. This does not pay! A judge will not let off an offender merely because he is respectful,but a polite law-breaker may certainly hope that the judge will extend him what tolerance the law permits. 31、Even a careful motorist may be asked to go to a police court for______. A、 an injury B、 a motoring offence C、 refusing to pay a fine D、 being rude to the policeman 32、The underlined word “one ”(paragraph 5) refers to _____. A、a jury member B、a police officer C、a motorist D、a judge 、A motoring offender is usually charged by ______. 33 A、a judge B、a jury C、a policeman D 、another motorist 34、It is foolish for a motoring offender to _______. A 、overstate another motorist's mistake B 、mention someone else's foolishness C 、argue that he is not guilty D 、choose to go before a jury 35、If a man knows that he is guilty, he should ______. A、 be polite to the policeman and the judge B、 try his best to appear before just a judge C 、save the court's time and pay the fine D 、admit the wrong and say sorry to the court 94625938.doc 第 5 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 第二部分 非选择题(共50分) ?.Word Spelling(10 points,1point for two items) 36. 乐意地，容易地ad. r_______ 37.日常工作，常规 n. r______ 38.多数，大半n. m_______ 39. 永恒的，不断的a. c______ 40. 偏袒的，部分的a. p_______ 41. 漆工，画家n. p______ 42. 跳跃，飞跃v. l______ 43.易管理的a. m_______ 44.缩短，减少 vi. S______ 45. 软毛，毛皮n. f_______ 46.意图，打算 n. I_______ 47. 情形，身份n. s________ 48. 软管，地铁n. t________ 49. 口头的，口的a. o_______ 50. 牺牲品，受害者n. v_______ 51.鉴赏，感谢vt. a_______ 52.目标，球门n. g______ 53.装置，方法 n. d_______ 54.分配，委派vt. a______ 55.娱乐，消遣n. a______ ?.Word Form 56. Should doctors be allowed_________(take) the lives of others? 57. Two of _________(big) earthquakes that were ever recorded tood place in China and Alaska. 58. Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic in volume ,the music ______(become) as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand. 59. Every decision has constraints _______(base ) on policies, procedures ,laws, precedents ,and the like. 60. The more seriously this is sought ,________(likely ) positive attitudes towards leisure as well academic work will be encouraged. 61. Attempts to break up this old system _______(make ) in every presidential election in the past one hundred years. 62.These mine planets ,together with the sun ,make up what _______(call) our solar system. 63. Nations are classified as “aged ” when they have 7% or more of their people aged 65 or above ,and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries______(become) like this. 64. -----------(watch)over by guards with guns, the convicts raised their legs in unison and made their way to the edge of the highway. 65.Either of these factors could account for some individuals ------------(be) able to do well using inefficient methods. ?将下列各句译成英语 66.我不知道他是否能够提供有力的证据。 67.他说的与事实完全相反。 68.如果他被迫去做他不乐意做的事，他不可能高兴。 69.处理这项事务的政府部门没有做统计。 70.短缺并未严重到你报道的那种程度。 ?将下列短文译成汉语 When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible --- and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health. Indeed, research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns. 94625938.doc 第 6 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 So when someone has hurt you, calm yourself. Talk a couple of deep breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love. Don't wait for an apology(道歉)。Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who upset you. Try to see thing from the other person's perspective. You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear—even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from that person's point of view. 2004年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试题答案和评分参考 ?、vocabulary and structure(10 points for each item) 1、B 2、C 3、A 4、D 5、A 6、A 7、D 8、C 9、D 10、B ?、cloze test (10 points, 1 points for each item) 11、C 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A 16、B 17、A 18、B 19、D 20、D ?、reading comprehension (30 points,2 points for each item) 21、D 22、C 23、B 24、A 25、B 26、A 27、B 28、A 29、C 30、D 31、B 32、D 33、C 34、A 35、 D ?、word spelling (10 point, 1 point for two items) 多写、少写或错写一个或一个以上的字母均为错。 36、readily 37、routine 38、majority 39、constant 40、partial 41、painter 42、leap 43、manageable 44、 shorten 45、fur 46、intention 47、status 48、tube 49、oral 50、victim 51、appreciate 52、goal 53、device 54、assign 55、amusement ?、word form (10 points, 1 point for each item) 语法错误或拼写错误均不给分。 56、to take 57、the biggest 58、becoming 59、based 60、the more likely 61、have been made 62、is called 63、had become 64、watched 65、being ?、translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3 points for each item) 本大题共5小题，每题3分，共15分。评分原则为: (1) 主要语法错误(如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误) 或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣1分。 (2) 非基本语法错误(如介词、代词、冠词、大写、标点等错误)以及不影响基本句意的用词 错误每两处扣1分。 (3) 拼写错误每两处扣1分。拼写错误本大题总扣分不超过3分。 (4) 如所用句型与答案不一致，只要语言和意义正确，君应给分。 答案要点: 66、I wonder if he can provide positive proof. 67、What he said was totally opposed to the facts. 68、If he is compelled to do what he does not enjoy doing, he cannot be happy. 69、The government department that deals with this does not keep statistics. 70、The shortage do not exist to the extent that you report. ?、Translation from English into Chinese(15 points) 本大题共15分。评分原则为: 短文英译汉的评分按译文质量分为15-13分、12-10分、9-7分、6-4分和3-1分五个档次。各 档次标准如下: (1)15-13分。全文翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺。 94625938.doc 第 7 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 (2)12-10分。全文主要内容翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺，但有少数语句翻译错误。 (3)9-7分。全文主要内容基本正确，汉语表达尚通顺，有一些语句翻译错误。 (4)6-4分。少部分内容翻译基本正确，有较多的语句翻译错误。 (5)3-1分。仅译对个别句子。 (6)全文译错或译出零星单词或全文未译，不给分。 (7)缺译的语句按完全译错处理。 根据以上评分档次描述，评分可在相应的档次内上下浮动。 答案要点: 你受到极大伤害后很难克制住怒火，不过宽恕对方还是有可能做到的，而且这样做对你的身心健康会带来意想不到的好处。的确，研究表明:怀有宽恕之心的人们往往体力更充沛、胃口及睡眠更好。 所以，你受到伤害后，应该保持平静。先做二、三次深呼吸，再想想那些令你高兴的事，如大自然的美景、你所钟爱的人等等。不要等待道歉，并且记住这样一句话:宽恕并不一定意味着接受对方对你的冒犯之举。尝试一下从对方的视角出发看问题。你也许会发现他或她是出于无知、害怕、甚至是爱才如此行事的。你可以站在对方的立场上给自己写封信。 2004年10月自考英语(二)试卷评析 自考英语(二)已经结束，笔者对北京地区随意抽取的520份试卷进行了数据统计，并对每道大题的出题思路和答题情况，尤其是考生中比较常见的错误，一一作了分析，希望能帮助考生全面了解英语(二)的最新动态，从而提高自己的学习效率和复习效果。 (一) 主观题得分情况 由于客观题为计算机阅卷，因此笔者只能对主观题部分的答题情况进行数据统计。结果表明，和今年上半年的答题情况相比，主观题部分的第四、第五、第六大题均有不同程度的提高，第七大题的得分有所下降，但主观题部分的总得分情况略好于上半年。表一是今年上半年和下半年主观题各部分平均得分的比较。 第四大题 第五大题 第六大题 第七大题 总分 2004上半年 2.48 2.17 5.59 10 20.24 2004下半年 2.94 3.04 6.65 8.56 21.19 (二) 最新出题动态 本套考题相对于以往的考题有两个显著的变化。1)和教材的联系明显加强。上半年的考题中只有18.5分直接来自下册教材，而本次考试直接出自下册教材的大题包括第一大题、第四大题、第五大题和第六大题，总分达到42.5分。2)主观题的难度有所下降。第四大题考查单词拼写，平均词长为6.6个字母，和上半年平均词长为8个字母的难度相比，无疑容易了许多。 以下是对每道题的出题情况和主观题典型错误的具体分析: 第一大题 本大题的十个小题均出自下册课文。表二显示的是每个小题的出处，数字表示所在的单元，字母表示A课文或B课文。从表二不难看出，本次考试中B课文所占的比重过大，在本大题中甚至超过了A课文。 表二: 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 出处 15A 3B 8A 14A 1B 4A 11B 9B 15B 13B 94625938.doc 第 8 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 参考答案及考点分析: 1、B 本题考查from moment to moment的固定结构。 2、C 连词while引导让步状语从句。 3、A effect 后接介词on，表示“对?的影响”。 4、D to no avail为固定搭配，意为 “完全无用，毫无效果”。 5、A 本题考查名词的词义辨析。四个名词的意思分别是“过程”、“展望”、“先例”、和“出现”。 6、A 本题考查distinguish ...from...这个固定搭配。 7、D attach ...to...也是一个固定搭配，意为“把?附加到”。 8、C 本题考查四个动词的词义辨析:rise 和arise为不及物动词，分别表示“升起”和“出现”之意;raise 和arouse为及物动词，意为“举起”和“唤起”。 9、D 本题考查介词词组的词义辨析。四个词组分别表示“因此”、“务必”、“相比之下”和“相反”之意。 10、B 本题考查where引导的定语从句。 第二大题 参考答案及考点分析: 11. C 本题考查对全文的理解。短文主要介绍了字母“V”流行的来历，所以应选history。 12. B 本题考查动词时态。根据时间状语during World War II可判断，该句的谓语动词应为过去时。 13. C 过去分词做定语，表示“被取名为”。 14. C 本题考查动词词组。call on意为“号召”。 15. A “V”是一个英文字母，故选letter。 16. B 本题考查近义词辨析。later 表示“后来”。latter和定冠词连用，表示“后者”。 17. A 本题考查形容词的词义。四个词分别意为“有意义的”、“精力充沛的”、“壮观的”、和“有趣的”。 18. B 本题考查代词和名词的一致关系。their 在此指代复数名词friends。 19. D 本题考查固定搭配。such...as to意为“如此„以至于”。 20. D 本题考查介词的用法。at表示几点钟。 第三大题 参考答案: 21、D 22、C 23、B 24、A 25、B 26、A 27、B 28、A 29、C 30、D 31、B 32、D 33、C 34、A 35、D 评析: 第一篇文章写的是一个人坚忍不拔终于获得成功的故事。叙述性强，比较容易理解。除21题为题外，其他四题都是细节题，答案很容易从文章中找出。 第二篇文章介绍的是美国航空航天局为寻找外星人所作的一些努力，属于说明文。前四大题为细节题，最后一题考查对全文的理解。如果不认识intelligent life和smart being这两个关键词，可能在理解全文时会有一些困难。 第三篇文章也是说明文，介绍美国专门审理汽车违章案件的法庭。所有题目均为细节题，难度适中。 94625938.doc 第 9 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 第四大题 参考答案及出处: 36、readily (5A) 37、routine (7B) 38、majority (10A) 39、constant (2A) 40、partial (6B) 41、painter (12A) 42、leap (15A) 43、manageable (9B) 44、shorten (3A) 45、fur () 46、intention 47、status (4A) 48、tube (11A) 49、oral(上册) 50、victim (上册) 51、appreciate (8A) 52、goal (1A) 53、device (14A) 、assign(上册) 55、amusement(上册) 54 第五大题 和第一大题一样，本大题的十个小题全部出自下册课文，其中AB课文各占一半。 表三: 题号 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 出处 3A 6B 5A 1A 7A 10B 2B 9A 4B 8B 参考答案及考点分析: 56、to take 动词不定式做主语的补语。 57、the biggest 本题考查形容词的最高级形式。 58、becoming 现在分词用在独立结构中，做伴随状语。 59、based 过去分词做定语，修饰constraints。 60、the more likely 形容词比较级用在the more„the more结构中。 61、have been made 根据时间状语in the past hundred years 判断，该句应该用现在完成时。同时，待填动词与主语attempts为被动关系，所以应填入现在完成时的被动形式。 62、is called 待填动词在what从句中作谓语，用一般现在时的被动式。 63、had become 从时间状语by about 1970可看出，谓语动词应该用过去完成时。 64、Watched 待填动词在句中作伴随状语，又因为“囚犯们”是“被监视”， 所以用过去分词表示被动。 65、being 现在分词做定语，修饰individuals。 错误分析: 通过试卷分析可看出，第五大题的答题主要存在三个问题: 1)对句子成分划分不清。回答此类大题的第一步就是要判断待填动词在句子中是作谓语动词还是其他成分，然后才能决定使用动词的谓语形式还是非谓语形式。很多同学没有做出正确的判断，在该用谓语动词的第61、62、63题中用了分词形式，而在该用非谓语动词的句子中又用了谓语形式。尤其是在58题中，看到待填动词前有主语，很多同学都填了has become, is becoming, became 等谓语形式。 2) 不会利用句子中的有用信息来进行判断。第61和63题中均给出了很明显的时间状语，而不少同学仍然用错了时态。 3) 考虑不够周全。最可惜而又最普遍的错误出现在第57题。有相当多的同学只天乐biggest，忘了形容词最高级前面必须加the，从而丢掉了这一分。 第六大题 参考答案及出处: 66、I wonder if he can provide positive proof. (7A, Word Study) 67、What he said was totally opposed to the facts. (3A, Word Study) 94625938.doc 第 10 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 68、If he is compelled to do what he does not enjoy doing, he cannot be happy. (13A，课文) 69、The government department that deals with this does not keep statistics. (4A，课文) 、The shortages do not exist to the extent that you report. (15A, Explanatory Notes) 70 错误分析: 本次考试的汉译英题全部出自下册教材的课文、词汇学习和课文解释的例句中(见括号内的具体标注)。熟读课文的同学在答题时一定会觉得得心应手。但是大部分同学仍然出现了这样或那样的错误，具体归纳如下: 1) 词汇量太小。不少同学不会写statistics, oppose, compel, government, shortage等词，只好要么空着，要么用一些其他不够准确的词代替，如:lacking, shorting, needing, make a test, 等等。 2) 单词掌握不准确。有些同学背单词只背汉语大意，不了解其词性和用法，结果在使用时错误百出。以第67题为例，为了表达“与„相反”之意，错误的用法包括:was contrasted to, was contrary with, was object to, contraryed to, on the contrary with, is contrary of, is converse the truth, 等等。 3) 句型错误。例如:Shorting was not enough that you reported，Degree of shortening is not terrible like you reported. 4) 滥用或缺用系动词be。what he is not like to do, which is deal with the affairs属于滥用的情况，而下面的句子则缺了系动词，如:he didn’t happy, what he say contrary to fact, something he unwilling to do。 5) 从句没有合适的引导词。例如:I don’t know he can or cannot provide the big evidence, The fact is contrary of he said。 6) 被动语态的误用。例如:he couldn’t enjoy if compelled him to do what he does not like， he was said that ...。 7) 其他错误。包括单复数不一致(he don’t)，动词过去式的不规则变化(dealed, )，某些动词的过去分词形式没有双写(compeled)，等等。 第七大题 参考答案: 你受到极大伤害后很难克制住怒火，不过宽恕对方还是有可能做到的，而且这样做对你的身心健康会带来意想不到的好处。的确，研究表明:怀有宽恕之心的人们往往体力更充沛、胃口及睡眠更好。 所以，你受到伤害后，应该保持平静。先做二、三次深呼吸，再想想那些令你高兴的事，如大自然的美景、你所钟爱的人等等。不要等待道歉，并且记住这样一句话:宽恕并不一定意味着接受对方对你的冒犯之举。尝试一下从对方的视角出发看问题。你也许会发现他或她是出于无知、害怕、甚至是爱才如此行事的。你可以站在对方的立场上给自己写封信 评析:本次第七大题的难度相比上半年有所增加，有些同学不认识forgiveness一词，从而影响了对全文的理解。其他较难的词包括:let go of, appetite, upset, perspective, ignorance。错误出现较多的句子包括第一段的最后一句话和第二段的最后两句话。以倒数第二句话为例，有的同学没有理解out of的意思，译成:“你将会意识到他或她正处于尴尬、恐惧或恋爱中”，或“你将会意识到他或她的无知、害怕或爱”。 94625938.doc 第 11 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 (三) 建议 通过上述分析，我们欣喜地看到本次英语(二)的考试充分体现了“重视教材，重视基础”的大纲要求，比较全面地考查了考生的英语基本功。唯一值得商榷的是B课文在某些大题中所占的比重略微过大，不能恰当地反映A课文作为精读材料B课文为泛读材料的区别。 广大考生通过这次的考试也可得到一些有益的启示: 1)重视教材。自考英语和其他水平考试最大的不同就在于它有一套全国统一的教材，而且每次的考试都和教材有或多或少的联系。因此，读懂读透课文，认真阅读课后的词汇学习和注解，完成课后练习，对于掌握基本的大纲词汇和语法，提高阅读能力都有好处。不少同学幻想抛开课文，光通过做题来提高成绩，不见得会有好的效果。 2)全面掌握大纲词汇。不少同学对大纲词汇背得不熟，往往只知道汉语大意，而不了解其词性、用法和搭配，也不能与其他同义词、近义词进行区分。其根本原因在于很多人只通过词汇手册背单词，而不是通过学习课文或广泛阅读来提高词汇量。 3)打下扎实的语法功底。广大考生的另一个误区是以为英语(二)只考下册课文的内容，从而忽视了上册教材的学习。其实《自学教程》上下册是一个统一的整体，上册包含了大部分的基本语法知识是学习下册的基础。没有这些基本的语法知识，考生在解答阅读理解、动词填空及英汉互译等大题时会受到很大的制约。许多考生反映学习课文后进步不大，其根本原因也许就在于此。 4)提高做题的针对性。适当地做一些有针对性的模拟题对于提生的实战能力的确有所帮助，但是有些考生四处搜罗练习题，甚至把四六级考题、考研题都拿来做，结果适得其反。 综上所述，自学英语考试有其自身的特点，与课文结合紧密，主观题所占比重比较大，强调语言的准确性。因此，广大考生应该踏踏实实地从语言基本功抓起，全面系统地掌握基本语法，熟练运用大纲词汇，提高阅读和翻译技巧，才能顺利地通过自学考试，使自己的英语水平真正上一个台阶。 2004年上半年全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)试卷评析 北京航空航天大学 胥国红 2004年上半年全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)已于4月18日举行，目前主观题的阅卷工作已基本完成。为了帮助广大考生了解此次考试的试卷及答题情况，笔者对此次考试的试卷进行了全面的评析，并对随意抽取的448份试卷的主观题答题情况作了统计分析和错误分析，希望能给自考考生提供一个有益的参考。 一( 总体试卷评析 本次英语(二)的试卷在题型和分值上和以往试卷一样，客观题和主观题各占50分，但每道题的考点和难度有了一些变化，以下是每道题的具体考点。 第一大题:词汇和结构(10分) 1( 介词词组填介词:in conclusion 2( 名词做定语:shoe store 3( 介词词组填名词:with a view to 4( 动词词组:take in 94625938.doc 第 12 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 5( 形容词词义辨别:vacant 6( 非限制性定语从句:the language of which 7( 连词引导并列句:and 8( 副词词义辨析:approximately 9( 连词引导让步状语从句:Even if 10( 固定搭配:in that as The earth is round, which is well known to all. All, some, any, something, anything, none, All _that__ I want to say is “Thank you”. The only/ first book that interested me is this one. The man (_whose__ story is very interesting) is my father. The man who just talked to you is my father. Music was played out of doors, ____ the environment provided a place. Which, that, in which, where I can’t understand the way _in which__ the problem is solved. I can’t tell you the reason _why__ this happened. The reason is _that__ he failed the exam. (That_ the earth is round) is well known. I think _that__ the earth is round. _Whether__ there is life on Mars is not yet known. Look at the book ___ there are many pictures. Look at the book ___ there is a pen on the book. _what__ happened is this. _What__ I like to do is try again. 1. 2. The fact __that__ there is no money left) frightened him. 3. I would like to do (_whatever__ you told me to do. What whatever 4. I will give the book to (whoever__ comes first. 5. This is all that (you have told me). 6. The question (__whether__ this is right) is difficult to answer. 7. Can you tell me the direction (_from which_ the wind comes? 8. Can you tell me the direction (which/ that___ is opposite to your house. 94625938.doc 第 13 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 9. I happen to know the man, ____ daughters is my classmate. 1) his 2) whose 3) one of his 4) one of whose 10. I bought many books, ___ are interesting. 1) a few of them 2) a few of which 2) none of which 4) a few 1) He has never won a game, as his brother did=won a game. 2) He has never won a game, as everybody expected 3) . 评析:第2、6、7、9题为语法题，占40%;其余的题为词汇题，主要考察词组搭配和词义辨析。 虽然句子均与课文无关，但所涉及语法和词汇都在课文中学过。 1) 原因状语从句 because, since, as, for 2) 让步 3) 方式 as, 4) 时间 before, after, while, when, as, since, as soon as, hardly„when, no sooner„than„whenever, until I will wait for you _until_ ten o’clock. I _won’t__ leave until ten o’clock. I didn’t realize the importance until I have grown up. It was not until I have grown up that I realized the importance. otherwise , and, but You should lock the door; otherwise the thieves may get in. Unless I won’t go with you unless you promised me this. 5) 目的 so that, in order that 6) 结果 so/such„that„ He got so big a book=such a big book that he was wild with joy. 7)比较 more „ than„, so„as„ _(just) as__ we should love our family, _so__ we should love our country. 7) although, though, as, while, no matter + what/ why/ how/ when„=whatever, whether, Despite difficulties, „. In spite of =despite Regardless of age, everyone should have a hobby. Whatever he said) is right. Whatever he said, I won’t believe him. 94625938.doc 第 14 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 You have to do it, whether you like it or not. 8) Although I have tried, I still failed. Tried as I have Although it is small=Small as it is 第二大题:完型填空(10分) 本文为一篇关于医疗保险的知识性短文，与教材上册第13单元A课文题材相似，广大考生对此 应不陌生。每道题的具体考点如下: 11( 动词和副词搭配:plan ahead 12( 动词不定式做目的状语:to help 13( 选择合适的副词:probably 14( 选择合适的形容词:expensive 15( 选择合适的介词:Like 16( 名词词义辨析:amount a great deal of , a large amount of, a little, little, much a large number of, many a teacher is , a few, large quantity of a lot of, plenty of, 17( 动词和介词搭配:insure„ against 18( 连词引导现在分词做时间状语:while 19( 动词与介词的搭配:operate on you 20( 名词词义辨析:treatment 评析:本题和第一题一样，偏重于考察词汇的辨认和搭配。纯粹考察语法项目的题只有第12和第 18题。 1) to: answer to question, solution to problem, key to exercise, secret to success, right to education, alternative to this method, approach to solving problem, access to palace be sensitive to sth, beneficial, vulnerable, be subject to, resistance to 2) in:change/transformation /increase/decrease/ decline / difference in production 3) on dependence/ reliance/ debate/ dispute/ comment/ remark 4) for reason/cause/ responsibility for„ 5) against protection against, prejudice against, bias, „„____, „. However, therefore, in addition, as a result, indeed, moreover 94625938.doc 第 15 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 only always All isolated island Best title Sociological aspects of Medicine origin of April Fool’s Day Cause development comparison and Contrast Illustrate illustration examplification Listing narration argumentation subjective objective Favourable unfavorable opposing for against Neutral critical prejudiced partial Biased Impartial indifferent 第三大题:阅读理解(30分) 第一篇:主题是如何对待死亡，写作手法主要以叙述为主，最后一段有一些议论的成分。第21、22、23、24题为细节题，均可在文章中找到正确答案，第25题为推论题。 第二篇:本文以叙述的口吻介绍了一种新的管理模式，即账目公开管理。第26题为推论题，第27题为总结题，第28题词汇题，第29、30题为细节题。 第三篇:主要介绍从朗读到默读这种阅读方式的改变及原因。第31、33题为细节题，第32题为推论题，第34题为词汇题，第35题为总结题。 评析:三篇文章都是记叙文，平均长度为317字/篇，问题以细节题为主，难度不大。不足之处是文章中和问题部分出现了4个超纲词:ministry, hearth, nightmare, 和carriage。其中超纲词nightmare作为24题的一个选项出现，是不应该出现的一个疏忽。 第四大题:单词拼写(10分) 20个单词中包括:6个名词，6个动词，6个形容词和2个副词。平均词长为8个字母，有5个单词的词长超过10个字母。除grateful之外，其余单词全部为下册课文词表中出现的词(括号内数字表示所在单元):accompany (1), boundary (2), capture (14), decline (10), employee (4), feasible (8), heartbreaking (14), increasingly (6), junction (15), loyalty (10), moderate (8), overwhelming (10), nominate (10), participant (5), persistently (14), queue (14), spontaneous (5), reinforce (12), undertake (13) 评析:此次单词拼写题有很大变化，显然出题者没有像以往那样以大纲词汇表为根据，而是从下册课文后面的词表中选择出题，所以20个单词中没有一个中学词汇，词汇的难度明显加大。对于认真学过下册课文的同学来说也许这些词并不陌生，但是总的而言，难度增幅过大。而且94625938.doc 第 16 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 heartbreaking和persistently两词并没有被大纲收录在内。笔者认为多考课文上的单词是一个好的趋势，但前提是不能超出大纲要求。 第五大题:用正确的形式填 has been living He happened to know this word when he took the exam. I read (read) the book last night. I have been worrying ___ (worry) about you since last night. I will visit you if you stay_ (stay) at home. Will, be going to do, be about to do, be doing, be to do The meeting is ___(to be held) next week. These papers are to be handed this weekend. He said the training was coming soon. When you called, I was (be) about to leave. I promise I _will__ go with you. 空(10分) 56(to measure, 动词不定式做目的状语。 57(Seizing, 现在分词做伴随状语。 58(has been made, 谓语动词，完成时的被动。 59(longer, 形容词比较级。 60(should have received, 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 61(feel, couldn’t help but +动词原形的固定用法。 62(Used, 过去分词做条件状语。 63(the more likely, 形容词比较级the more„ the more结构。 64(witnessed, 谓语动词，过去时。 65(being, 独立主格结构。 评析:本大题考察了8个动词的变化，和2个形容词比较级。所有句子均与课文无关。与往年试卷相比，虽然考点一样，但句子的长度及难度有所增加。很多考生因为看不懂句子而无法进行选择。第62题中的economically一词为超纲词。 第六大题:汉译英(15分) 66(主要考察介词besides/in addition to 的用法。 67(主要考察It is believed that„句型和动名词做主语。 68(选自下册第9单元A课文后Word Study中appreciation的一个例句。主要考察定语从句和94625938.doc 第 17 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 be qualified for 的用法。 69(选自下册第11单元A课文最后一段的第一句话。主要考察as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。 70(根据下册第14单元A课文后的翻译练习中的第6题有所改动。原话为“他相信某些植物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。” 评析:此次汉译英题的评分得到细化，每个句子都划出了具体的得分点，有利于克服改卷工作中主观性过大的问题，使得不少考生即使没有一个句子写完整也能得到一定的分数。 第七大题:英译汉(15分) 评析:这是一篇关于学校教育的短文，全文151个词，长度适中。句型和用词都很简单，比较容易。arithmetic一词为超纲词。 二( 主观题答题情况统计分析 由于前三大题为客观题由机器阅卷，笔者只能就主观题的答题情况进行具体分析。主观题各部分的统计数据如下: 表1:主观题各题数据分析 第四大题单词拼写 第五大题词形填空 第六大题汉译英 第七大题英译汉 主观题总分 满分平均分众数标准差最低分最高 分 10.002.480.002.520.0010.00 10.002.172.001.460.008.00 15.005.534.002.760.0013.00 1 5.0010.7512.002.480.0015.00 50.0020.9320.506.340.0042.00 众数:所有数据中频数最多的值。单词拼写题的众数为0，说明这道题得零分的考生最多。 标准差:用来描述数据之间的差距。标准差越大，说明差距越大。词形填空题的平均分为2.17, 标准差只有1.46，说明大多数考生都做得不好。 纵观主观题的得分情况，我们可以看出此次试卷主观题部分难度较大，及格率(即得分30分以上)约为18%。大多数人的得分为20分左右。具体到每一个题，最难的是词形填空题，普遍都做得不好。其次是单词拼写。英译汉比较容易，大部分考生都拿到了10分以上。 三( 主观题错误分析 单词拼写:除了employee, accompany, decline 等词外，其他很多词都是空白。 词形填空:从考生的答题情况来看，很大一部分考生对于要填的词在句子中做什么成份，表达什么意思并不清楚，而是完全靠瞎猜来答题。有些考生甚至把long 改成longed，likely改成like, witness 改成more witness。 汉译英:词汇语法方面均有许多错误，主要包括: 1) 词汇量不够:很多考生不会写digestion, appreciation，literature，be qualified for，experiment, biologist，species，extinction等词，使得句子写得很不完整。此外还出现了各94625938.doc 第 18 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 种各样的拼写错误，不胜枚举。 2) 词义混淆:绝大部分考生把第一题“除了英语还学一门第二外语”中的“除了英语”译成except English(正确答案为besides English)，说明考生背单词时过分依赖汉语意思，而不能了解except(除了)和besides(除了„之外还有)之间的区别。 3) 词性混淆:be benefit(beneficial) for, be threated (threatened)。 4) 缺少谓语动词:the animal used in experiment will (应加be) less and less; animals will (应加be) over on the earth。 5) 两个谓语动词:walk (walking)after lunch is good; there is a man think (thinking)so。 其他动词错误:the animal will be decrease(去掉be); he can taken (take) this job，6) 等等。 英译汉: 只要有时间做完，基本上都能得到10分以上。翻译错误主要在于个别单词不认识。 四( 启示和建议 从上述试卷分析和答题分析来看，我们可以得出如下启示: 1(正确看待学习教材和考试的关系。虽然去年和今年英语(二)的考试与课文关系不如以前密切，前几年曾经以考书上句子为主的第一大题和第五大题，现在已经基本和课文原文没有关系，但是本次考试的第四大题即单词拼写几乎全部出自教材下册词表，第六大题汉译英中也有三个句子与教材有关。如果这种趋势继续的话，教材学习仍然应该作为广大考生备考的重点。吃透教材，牢记教材中出现的大纲词汇，认真完成课后练习，应该对考试会有所帮助。 2(牢固掌握重点语法，尤其是动词的用法，包括谓语动词的时态、语态、虚拟语气和非谓语动词做定语、状语、补足语等的用法。 3(注重单词的搭配，即词组的用法。不要孤立地背单词，或单纯地死背单词表，而应把单词放在上下文中，通过学习课文来掌握单词，这样不仅能够了解单词的表面词义，更能体会它的确切含义和用法。 最后值得一提的是，综观这几年来英语(二)的考试，每年都会有一些细微的波动和变化，我们不能因为这一次考试单词拼写过难，英译汉较容易，教材内容过少，就断言从今以后某个题会越来越难，或认为学习教材对考试没有用。尽管保持试卷的一致性，按照考纲要求命题，是出题者应力求达到的标准，但是任何考试都不可能保持水平完全一致，在一定范围内的波动是正常的。广大考生还是应该立足于教材，打好基本功，方能做到以不变应万变，在今后的考试中取得理想的成绩 2003年10月全国高教自考“英语(二)”试题 本试题分选择题和非选择题两部分。选择题1至7页，非选择题8至9页，共9页。选择题50分，非选择题50分，满分100分。将全部答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。考试时间150分钟。 PART ONE ?.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points,1 point for each item) 94625938.doc 第 19 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并写在答题纸的相应括号内。 1.He had a large ( )of facts to prove his statements. A. sum B. amount C. deal D. number 2.( ) Japanese, she has to study another foreign language. A. Except B. Except for C. In addition to D. Beside 3.It is not until about the time a child enters school ( ) outside forces contribute to feelings about the self. A. when B. which C. who D. that 4.Scientists will have to come up ( ) new methods of increasing the world’s food supply. A. to B. with C. against D. for 5.It is impossible to solve ( ) in such a short time. A. so difficult a problem B. so difficult problem C. a so difficult problem D. so a difficult problem 6.The decision( ),the next problem was how to make a good plan. A. having made B. having been made C. has been made D. having been making 7.We take this opportunity of expressing our sincere ( ) of your help. A. competition B. attention C. concentration D. appreciation 8.An assembly line makes it impossible for a worker to do anything ( ) work. A. other than B. rather than C. more than D. better than 9.We must cut ( )our expenses ,or we’ll run out of money. A. down B. off C. in D. out 10. ( ) whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. A. What is not yet known B. It is not yet known C. As is not yet known D. This is not yet known ?.Colze Test(10 points,1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并写在答题纸的 相应括号内。 Five young engineers were working hard and trying 11 details of a plant site for a new client(客户). Suddenly one of the young engineers gave what he thought was a good solution to the problem. 12 he had to say was greeted by a(n) 13 silence, for the same proposal had been made and 14 some minutes before. The incident seemed funny 15 .But later it didn’t. After the project had been successfully finished, most of the engineers who had worked on it were promoted. But that young man was dismissed. What had happened? The young engineer swore that he had never heard the proposal 16.He was right. He was a 17 of a bad listening habit. Bad listening habits can hurt you a lot in your daily life. 18 your success is related to how you listen. A number of leading colleges have become very concerned 19 our bad listening habits. They have set up “listening clinics” and courses 20 what is wrong and what to do about it. 11.A.to be settled B. to settle C. to have settled D. settling 94625938.doc 第 20 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 12.A.What B. Why C. Which D. That 13.A.uncomfortable B. comfortable C. dissatisfied D. satisfied 14.A.turned over B. turned off C. turned down D. turned on 15.A.behind time B. in time C. at the same time D. at that time 16.A.rejecting B. reject C. to have rejected D. rejected 17.A.witness B. victim C. criminal D. prisoner 18.A.Much of B. Many of C. Large sum of D. Large quantity of 19.A.of B. for C. to D. about B. finding out C. to find out D. to be finding out 20.A.find out ?.Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item) 阅读下列短文，并从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并写在答题 纸的相应括号内。 Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry loud or giving speeches. In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing students for the doctor’s degree. Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century.Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of examinees for a state examination, timed exactly by an electric clock and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines. One type of test is sometimes called“objective ”test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three other statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material well enough. 21.Which of the following statements is true about students in the Middle Ages? ( ) A. They took objective tests. B. They specialized in one subject. C. They usually took spoken tests. D. They were timed by electrical clocks. 22.The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that ( ) A. workers now take examinations B. the population had grown rapidly C. there are only written exams today D. most examinations are now written and timed 94625938.doc 第 21 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 23.During a(n)( )test, students must select the correct answers from four choices. A. written B. spoken C. personal D. objective 24.Modern industry must have developed( ) A. shortly after the Middle Ages B. around the 19th century C. in Greece and Rome D. in the European universities 25.It can be concluded from the passage that the examination( ) A. should always be written in modern society B. should deal with facts not personal opinions C. has changed greatly since the Middle Ages D. has ever been given in factories Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Anna Douglas was 72 years old when she started writing her newspaper column(专栏).After she retired, she found a volunteer job with an agency. The agency that she chose to work for was a business that helped other businesses find jobs for old people. Every day she talked with other retired people like herself. By talking, she recognized two things. Old people had abilities that were not being used. Old people also had problems-mostly problems with communication. Mrs. Douglas found a new purpose for herself. Through the year, from time to time she had written stories about people for national magazines. Now there was a new subject: old people like herself. She began to write a newspaper column called:“Sixty Plus,” which focuses on getting old. She writes about the problems of old people, especially their problems with being misunderstood. Anna Douglas used her thinking ability to see the truth behind a problem. She understands the reasons why problems begin. She understands old people and young people, too. For example, one of her readers said that his grandchildren left the house as soon as he come to visit. Mrs. Douglas suggested some ways for him to increase understanding with his grandchildren. She told him to listen to young people’s music and to watch the most popular television shows. It’s important to know something about your grandchildren’s world,” says Mrs. Douglas. “That means questioning and listening –and listening is not what old people do best.” She continues, “Say good things to them and about them. Never criticize(批评)your grandchildren or any other youngsters, teenagers, or young adults. Never tell them that they are wrong. Don’t give them your opinion. They have been taught that they should have respect for old people. The old should have respect for the young as well.” 26.Anna Douglas understands the problems of old people because( ) A. she herself is old B. she likes their music C. she has grandchildren D. she watches their television programs 27.Anna Douglas’ newspaper column( ) A. contains mostly funny stories B. has some ideas for youngsters C. is about how to find jobs for old people D. discusses the problems of the aged 94625938.doc 第 22 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 28.What advice did Mrs. Douglas NOT give to the reader whose grandchildren didn’t want to see him?( ) A. Listen to pop music B. Watch more popular TV shows C. Tell more interesting stories D. Try to understand his grandchildren 29.According to Mrs. Douglas, old people need to learn how to ( ) A. work B. criticize C. listen D. complain 30.According to the last paragraph, the main point of Mrs. Douglas’ advice is that old people( ) A. have a lot to learn from the young B. should understand and respect the young C. had better improve their hearing not to misunderstand the young D. should show respect for the young even when criticizing them Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. “Culture consists of all shared products of human society”(Robertson ,1981).This means not only such material things as cities, organizations and schools, but also non-material things such as ideas, customs, family patterns ,and languages. Putting it simply, culture refers to the entire way of life of a society , “the ways of a people”. Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Some social scientists consider it the keystone of culture. Without language, the maintaining of culture would not be possible .On the other hand ,language is influenced and shaped by culture, and it reflects culture. In the broadest sense, language is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comprises(包含)their historical and cultural backgrounds, as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking. We should not go further into the relationship between language and culture. What needs to be stressed here is that the two interact(相互影响),and that understanding of one requires understanding of the other. Social scientists tell us that cultures differ from one another, that each culture is unique. As cultures are diverse, languages are diverse. It is only natural that with differences in cultures and differences in languages, difficulties often arise in communicating between cultures and across cultures. Understanding is not always easy. Learning a foreign language well means more than merely mastering the pronunciation, grammar, words and idioms. It also means learning to see the world as native speakers of that language see it, learning the ways in which their language reflects the ideas, customs, and behaviors of their society, learning to understand their “language of the mind”. Learning a language, in fact, is inseparable(不可分割的)from learning its culture. 31.According to the first paragraph, the term “culture.” refers to ( ). A. things like cities, organizations and schools B.ideas, customs, family patterns and languages C.all things manufactured by human race D.the total that constitutes a society 32.The second paragraph tells us about ( ) A. the role of language in culture 94625938.doc 第 23 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 B. the relationship between language and culture C.the influence of culture on language D.the representation of culture 33.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to some social scientists? A. Language reflects culture B. Language shapes culture C. Language represents culture D. Language maintains culture 34.The passage implies that there will be no difficulty in communication if people from different countries can ( ) A. speak each other’s languages B. master each other’s languages and cultures C. tell the differences between languages and cultures D. communicate in the same languages 35.This passage is probably taken from a book ( ) A. on cultures B. on language learning C. on learning a language through culture D. on communication in different countries PART TWO ?.Word Spelling (10 points,1 point for two items) 将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整 的单词写在答题纸上。 36(起源;血统 n.o 37(超级市场 n.s 38(仇恨 n.h 39(潮汐;潮流 n.t 40(生物学 n.b 41(空白的 a.b 42(获得;得到 v.a 43(雄心;野心 n.a 44(登记;注册 v.r 45(生动的 a.v 46(幸存;活下来 v.s 47(部分地 ad.p 48(熟悉的 a.f 49(收入 n.i 50(信用;信誉 n.d 51(一夜之间 ad.o 52(形容;描写 v.d 53(中心的，核心的 a.c 54(硬件 n.h 55(较小的;少数的 a.m ?.Word Form(10 points ,1 point for each item) 将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。 56. I’m sorry. I have kept you (wait). 57.Let me show you the room (use) as your language lab. 58.It is required that Xiao Ling (arrive) at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning. 59.Most of us (study) English for more than six years before we entered the university. 60.It means (stand) for hours in a queue because there are too few buses. 61.Bill speaks French (badly) than he writes it. 62.He talks as though he (know) all about it. 94625938.doc 第 24 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 63.The United States is a country (advance) in science and technology. 64.He was fined. He should (stop) his car at the red light. 65. (grad) Mary by the jaw, the attacker forced her into the garage. ?.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points,3 points for each item) 将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。 66.兄弟俩长得非常像，很难区分他们。 67.我怀疑政府没有重视这一现象。 68.从某种意义上说，他的话简直就是威胁。 69.为了谋生，他被迫接受了这份工作。 70.除非我们对此采取一些措施，否则很多这类信息就会成为垃圾。 ?. Translation from English into Chinese (15 points) 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。 In the U.S., you can feel free to visit in people’s homes, share their holidays, and enjoy their lives without feeling obliged (有义务的) to continue a lifetime relationship. Do not hesitate therefore to accept invitations from Americans simply because you cannot invite them to your home in return. No one will expect you to do so. Americans will enjoy welcoming you and will be pleased if you accept their friendship easily. Visitors may notice that although Americans include them easily in their personal daily lives, they do not show visitors a great amount of special courtesy(热情)if doing so requires much time. This is frequently the opposite of what occurs in some countries, where people are especially generous in giving their time to visitors, but do not necessarily welcome them as guests in their homes. In some places, hosts will spend much time acting as a guide-all evidence of great generosity(慷慨;大方).Yet they may never invite the guest to meet their families or join their family life. It is important to note that in both cases the feeling is equally warm and friendly; only the way of expressing courtesies if different. 2003年4月全国高教自考“英语(二)”试题 I(Vocabulary and Structure(10 points，1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1(It took a Iong time for her to ______ the fact that her husband was dismissed( A(come up against B(come up to C(come up with D(come to terms with 2(was it in that school ______ he developed his interest in physics? A(which B(from which C(where D(that 3( ______ for your help，I would not have over come the psychological pressures and tensions( A(Not been B(Without being C(Had it not been D(Not having been 94625938.doc 第 25 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 4( ______ nothing to say，the boy shied way from the crowd( A(Have B(Having C(Had D(Having being 5(As activity carrided ______ as one thinks fit in one’s spare time，leisure has sereval functions. A(on B(out C(off D(over 6(Why do you blame him for his poor judgment on the matter ______ he really needs is encouragement? A(when that B(since that C(when what D(now that 7( The other timeing system belongs in our internal clocks，which，left ______ would tie the body to a 25-hour rythm. A(behind B(alone C(out D(aside 8(It has been years ______ I returned home( A(after B(that C(since D(when 9(We’ll keep you ______ any news( A(up to date with B(in step with C(in line with D(in terms of 10(I’d like to go to the cinema，but I’m ______ to( A(enable B(disable C(unable D(able II(CIoIeye6t(10poht3，1poZnt fo『each!tem) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将 相应的字母涂黑。 Japan is a small country with few natural resouces. -11- this，Japanese productivity， the rate at which goods are produced, -12- more than I eleven times in the past thirty years(Many people in the West wonder how the Japanese do it(The key -13- Japan’s success can be discovered by looking at some basic differences between Japanese and Western attitudes towards work( People in the west generally view work -14- a necessary evil-one must give up part of one’s freedom to earn the money needed to live. To the Japanese，however，work is the central interest of one’s life; it’s -15- that a Japanese establishes his identity. A Japanes business firm is like a faamily，When an employee joins a company，he expects to work for that company for the rest of his working life; -16- is anyone dismissed(Promotion is based on the seniority system，the length of emplowyment -17- one’d rank in the company. Those at the bottom do not -18- chances for promotion because those at the top retire at a certain age -19- others may have their turn(In addition， the difference between the lowest and the highest salaries is much their turn(In addition， the difference between the lowest and the highest salaries is much less than -20- in the West( 94625938.doc 第 26 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 11(A(Because of B(As for C(Although D(Despite 12(A(have increased B(has increased C(are increasing D(is increasing 13(A(to B(of C(for D(in 14(A(like B(for C(about D(as 15(A(this B(that C(here D(where 16(A(barely B(rarely C(occasionally D(frequently 17(A(determines B(has determined C(determining D(to determine 18(A(care about B(care for C(worry about D(concern with 19(A(in that B(such that C(for that D(so that 20(A(that B(those C(one D(ones III、Reading Comprehension(30 points，2 points for each item) 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂 黑。 Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage( who talks more，women or men? The seemingly conflicting evidence is resolved by the difference between what I call public and private speaking(More men feel comfortable doing "public speaking，" while more women feel comfortable doing "private" speaking(Another way of capturing these differences is by using the terms repoter—talk( For most women，the language of conversation is primarily a language of rapport: a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships(Emphasis is placed on displaying similarities and matching experiences(From childhood，girls criticize their friends who try to stand out or appear better than others(People feel their closest connections at home，or in places where they feel at home—with one or a few people they feel close to and comfortable with-in other words，during private speaking(But even the most public situations can be approached like private speaking. For most men，talk is primarily a means to preserve independence and negotiate and maintain status in a hierarchcal(等级制度的)social order(This is done by exhibiting knowledge and skill，and by holding center stage through verbal performance such as story-telling， joking，or conveying information. From childhood，men learn to use talking as a way to get and keep attention(Therefore，they are more confortable speaking in larger groups made up of people they know less well，in the broadest sense，"public speaking"(But even the most private situations can be approached like public speaking，more like giving a report than establishing rapport( 21(A similar term for "private talking" is ______ A(report—talk B(rapport—talk C(persuasive—talk D(women’s talk 94625938.doc 第 27 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 22(when women talk，they tend to ______ A(admire their friends who stand out B(make others feel at home C(approach public situations like private talking (seek close relationship with other speakers D 23(Men talk in order to ______ A(make new friends B(share experience C(argue with others D(attract attention 24(The purpose of this passage is to ______ A(contrast the male and female talking styles B(prove that men talk more effecvively than women C(analyze why men and women are different (draw people’s attention to the difference between men and women D 25(Which of the following is true? A(Men talk more than women( B(Men feel more comfortable making a public speech than women( C(Men are more knowledeable than women( D(Men are more independent than women( Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The best example of how associations influence eating is that we often eat not because we’re hungry but because it’s "lunchtime，" because foods smell good，or because our friends are eating. More evidence that associations influence eating comes from marketing and advertising pressures to sell foods by offering huge servings(For example，movie theatre offer an extra large box of popcorn(爆玉米花)，which，at almost 900 calories，is equivalent to a major meal(Health professionals warn that as children，adolscents(青少年)，and adults learn to prefer large portions and tasty foods high in fat，sugar，and calories，there has been a corresponding increase in rates of being over weight(from 25, in 1988 to 34, in 1998)(Researchers are especially concerned about the continued rates of overweight and obesity(肥胖)in children since childhood obesiity very difficult to treat and an obese child has a high probabiliety of becoming an obese adult with the associated health risks we discussed earlier. Health professionals suggest that to avoid future increases in rates of overweight and obesity，we need to try hard to forget many of our food associations，which primarily involve decreasing size of food portions，increasing levels of activity to burn off excess calories( 94625938.doc 第 28 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 26(The influence of food association can be seen clearly from the example that we often eat NOT because ______ A(it’s time for lunch B(we’re hungry C(foods smell delicious (our friends are eating D 27(From the passage we can infer that the "serving" in the second parapaph most probably means ______ A(an amount of food B(a special service C(a meal D(some calories 28(According to the author，because of an unhealthy food preference，the increase in rates of being overweight was almost ______ during the ten years from 1988 to 1998( A(10 per cent B(20 per cent (30 per cent D(40 per cent C 29(According to the passage，an obese child is A(less at risk of heart diseases B(healthily fat C(very had to get along with D(more likely to become an obese adult 30(In order to avoid future increases in rates of overweight and obesity，we need to do all the following EXCEPT ______ A(make an effort to forget our food association B(eat less high—fat food C(do more exercise to consume excess calories D(eat less food Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work abd earb income(This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment， so it includes employers and the self-employed(Labor is one of the country’s resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services wanted by the community( Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population， there are several other influences which also affect it(The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce(if the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work，then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution(If the 94625938.doc 第 29 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 population naturally grows rapidly，i(e. the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths then as a total population increases proportion the work-force declines( Sometimes a population is described as aging which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly，and as people retire from the workforce there are insufficient numbers of young people entering it to replace those who are leaving it(The population is top-heavy(头重脚轻)with older people(So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate( The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy(If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce，this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group(If the aged are to be cared for in special homes，finance must be available for that purpose(If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population， then the government tax revenue is relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily( 31(Labor force is referred to as ______ A(people who are available to work and earn income B(self—employed people only C(only those who are looking for an employment D(only the employers 32(According to the passage，which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as an influence on the workforce? A(The size of the population( B(The age distribution of the population( C(The national economy( D(The number of births and deaths( 33(The conclusion which can be drawm safely from the second paragraph is that ______ A(a population growth from natural increase leads to a greater proportion of the workforce( B(a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce C(the larger the number of the aged in a population，the higher the proportion of the workforce D(if the population has an evenly spread age distribution，the workforce will be lower 34(When a population is said to be aging， ______ A(there are more people retiring than those entering the workforce B(the birth rate must be growing C(there should be an oversupply of workforce D(young people outnumber old people 94625938.doc 第 30 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 35(The population which is top-heavy with older people exerts pressure on ______ A(the employers B(the self—employers C(the young people (the economy of the country D Part Two IV(word spelling(10 points，1 point for two items) 将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。 36(专门小组 n( P______ 37(象征的 a( s______ 38(促进;发扬 v( P______ 39(给人印象深刻的 a( i______ 40(交换;交流v( e______ 41(协调;和谐n( h______ 42(引入歧途的a( m______ 43(完全，总共ad( a______ 44(下来，下降v( d______ 45(天文台;了望台 n. o______ 46(财政的，金融的 a( f______ 47(闪闪发光，闪烁v( g______ 48(生物学 n( b______ 49(推迟，延期v( p______ 50(加强，巩固 v( s______ 51(相应地d( a______ 52(志愿者，志愿兵n( v______ 53(暂时的，临时的a( t______ 54(维持;维修n( m______ 55(积累，积聚 v( a______ V(word Forms(10 points，1 point for each item) 将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。 56(It’s time something ______ (do)about the traffic problem downtown( 57(For managers，every decision has constraints ______ (base)on policies，procedures and laws( 58(Many a writer of newspaper articles ______ (turn)to writing novels during the past decade( 59(There ______ (estimate)to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain in 1995( 60(As I’ll be away for a year，I’d appreciate ______ (hear)from you now and then( 61(The effect of rapid travel on the body is actually far ______ (disturb)than we realize( 62(what developed was a music readily ______ (take)on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression( 63(Many other new techniques are available that enable more research ______ (do)in the test tube( 64( ______ (not, get)enough hands，she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task( 94625938.doc 第 31 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 65(A Filipino maid was executed is Singapore after ______ (convict)of murder. VI(Translation from Chinese into English(15 points，3 points for each item) 将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。 66(企业必须对市场需求敏感。 67(如果你不努力学习，你就没有可能在竞赛中取胜。 68(他能否按时到达，现在还不得而知。 69(人们对于如何达到这个目标有不同的看法。 70(现在的问题不是读什么书而是怎样读书。 VII(Translation from English into Chinese(15 pionts) 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。 In addition to the need for food，man also has need for some kind of protection from heat and cold，and from wind and rain(The first homes of man were very simple(The size and kind of buildings whicg he built were limited by his tecgnical knowledge and also by the kind of building materials (which were)available to him(Climate also had an important influence(In some places，man’s home would be nothing more than a cave in the side of a hill，with a fire at the entrance to give light and warmth and to keep dangerous wild animals away(In warmer are areas primitive man could use branches to make a framework which he then covered with leaves( 全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试“英语(二)”试题参考答案 1(D 2(D 3(C 4(B 5(B 6(C 7(B 8(C 9(A 10(C 11(D 12(B 13(A 14(D 15(C 16(B 17(C 18(C 19(D 20(A 21(B 22(C 23(D 24(A 25(B 26(B 27(A 28(A 29(D 30(D 31(A 32(C 33(B 34(A 35(D 36(panel 37(symbolic 38(Promote 39(impressive 40(exchange 41(Harmony 42(misleading 43(altogether 44(descend 45(observatory 46(financial 47(Glitter 48(biology 49(postpone 50(Strengthen 51(accordingly 52(volunteer 53(Temporary 54(maintenance 55(Accumulate 56(was done 57(Based 58(has turned 59(were estimated 60(hearing 61(more disturbing 62(taking 63(to bbe done 64(Not having got 65(being convicted 66(Enterprises must be sensitive to the demand of the market( 67(If you do not study hard,work hard at your studied，you will stand no chance of winning / it will not be possible,it will be impossible for you to win in the contest( 68(It is not yet known,It is hard to say whether,if he will arrive,come on time. 69(People have different ideas,views about how to attain the goal( 94625938.doc 第 32 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 70(The problem now is not what to read，but how to read( 71(除对食物的需求外，人类还有防暑、御寒、防风和防雨的需求。人类的第一个家园十分简陋， 当时人们建造的房舍，无论从大小到种类，都受当时技术知识和建筑材料的限制，此外，气候也 会产生重要影响。在某些地区，人类家园仅是山上的洞穴而已。洞穴入口处，燃起—堆火，既可 照明、取暖，还可驱赶猛兽。在气候较为温暖的地区，原始人会用树枝搭建屋架，外面用树叶遮 盖。 2002年10月全国高教自考“英语(二)”试题 PART ONE ?. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，将相应的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。 1. Make sure the label is firmly ______ to the parcel before you mail it. A. attributed B. accustomed C. adjusted D. attached 2. ______leisure was generally considered a waste of time. A. Not until recently B. Not recently C. Until recently D. Recently until 3. Man's greatest energy comes not from his physical strength ______ his dreams. A. except from B. yet from C. however from D. but from 4. It is ______ to avoid rich foods if you are feeling ill. A. senseless B. sensible C. sentimental D. sensitive 5. If you are walking away from a clock tower, you will hear the ticking of the clock fade to a point ______ it cannot be heard. A. which B. what C. where D. how 6. The moon turns round the earth, just ______ the earth circles round the sun. A. therefore B. as C. thus D. so 7. He said he was ______ the origin of the universe. A. speculating upon B. coinciding with C. putting into operation D. distinguishing between 94625938.doc 第 33 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 8. A good manager identifies the interest of his employees ______ his own. A. to B. with C. for D. between 9. We have a ______ experience of continued living than any society that has preceded us anywhere. A. very more greater B. very many greater C. much more greater D. very much greater 10. While ______ your imagination, you should be alone and completely undisturbed . A. exercising B. exercises C. to exercise D. exercised ?. Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each item) 在下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，将相应的字母 填在答题纸相应的位置上。 Business card exchanges are an important part of any international business meeting. To show how people exchange a business card, we will examine it as __11__ by an American in Japan. First, the cards should be in English on one side and Japanese on the other. It is important that the company and title __12__ noticeably positioned. The cards should be kept in a card holder in the jacket pocket. Never keep the cards in a wallet or a pocketbook. The presentation of the card is done at the beginning of the meeting. Cards are presented __13__ the giver's name(Japanese side) __14__ the receiver. The card can be __15__ by one or preferably two hands accompanied by a slight bow. __16__ receiving a card, the receiver should study it carefully to determine the status of the person he is meeting. Since meetings usually __17__ more than one person, each card __18__ should be placed on the table in front of the receiver __19__ he can tell who he is speaking with. The receiver should avoid shuffling(摆弄) the cards, placing them in his wallet, or writing on them __20__ the giver. The business card is the symbol of the organization; therefore it should be treated with the greatest respect. 11. A. checked out B. worn out C. turned out D. carried out 12. A. be B. is C. will be D. might be 13. A. with B. for C. to D. on 14. A. faced B. facing C. faces D. face 15. A. declared B. delivered C. delayed D. despised 16. A. In B. For C. On D. With 94625938.doc 第 34 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 17. A. intend B. involve C. incline D. inflict 18. A. receiving B. receive C. receives D. received 19. A. in case B. for fear C. so that D. such that 20. A. in the presence of B. in the absence of C. in place of D. in honor of ?. Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item) 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，将相应的字母填在答题纸上的相 应位置上。 Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Pigs, fishponds and crops-all housed in tall buildings. This is a vision of industrial farming in the Netherlands(荷兰). In a world concerned about the environment and transport, would it not make sense to concentrate food production next to a harbor and an airport? And since humans can live in tall buildings, why not pigs and fish? The creative minds behind a government report suggest just this for a site at Rotterdam(鹿 特丹) very close to mainland Europe's largest port. The scale is vast: imagine 10 football fields, six floors of equal area, at total of 500 acres(英亩) stretching skywards. The building, known as Deltapark, visualizes 300,000 pigs, 1. 2 million chickens, tens of thousands of fish and a giant vegetable growing area all under one roof. The pigs could enjoy more space than on an average pig farm, and end their days in the slaughterhouse downstairs. Space without daylight in the giant building could be used for cultivating mushrooms(蘑菇) which grow well in the dark. Higher up, greenhouses full of tomatoes and flowers, grown in nutrient solutions collected from elsewhere in the building, would profit from the light. The system is theoretically a complete farming cycle, with one activity feeding another and everything being recycled. Deltapark is to be run by managers, not farmers. It has nothing to do with agriculture as we now know it, and so far, only exists on paper. But the idea has created a heated debate in the Netherlands and attracted attention abroad. 21. According to the passage, a multi-story farm ______ in the Netherlands. A. is under construction B. is about to be put to use 94625938.doc 第 35 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 C. has been proposed D. might cause severe criticism 22. According to the report, which of the following is NOT true? A. Deltapark occupies an area of 10 football fields. B. Deltapark has a floor space of 500 acres. C. Deltapark has six floors. D. Deltapark is on a steep slope. 23. What is the meaning of "slaughterhouse" in Line 5, Paragraph 3? A. A house where animals are fed. B. A house where animals are kept in the daytime. C. A place where animals stay for the night. D. A place where animals are killed for food. 24. It is supposed in Paragraph 4 that ______. A. the flowers would be nourished by liquids gathered outside the building B. the tomatoes and flowers would benefit from daylight C. the vegetable growing area would be lit by electric lights D. the system would be far from self-sufficient in production 25. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Farm of the Future? B. Animal Farm? C. Field of Your Dreams? D. Animal Farm or Vegetable Farm? Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. 94625938.doc 第 36 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 A few years ago I was shopping with a friend and his 12-year-old daughter in downtown San Francisco. A street musician, whom my friend happened to know from his own musician days, was playing the saxophone(萨克斯管) on a street corner. His name was Clifford, and he had attracted a large crowd with his performance. After he finished, my friend introduced him to me and his daughter. Clifford asked her if she played any instrument. When she replied that she was taking trumpet(小号) lessons and played in her junior high school band, he said, "That's fine, little lady. Learn your instrument well and you can play anything. " Somehow these simple yet wise words struck me as appropriate not only for a trumpet player but also for a reader. If you learn to read well, you can read anything you want-not just newspapers and magazines, but more difficult material like philosophy, file criticism, military history-whatever interests you as your confidence grows. You would not be limited in any way. If you have the vocabulary-or at least a good dictionary near at hand-you can pick up a book, concentrate on it, and make sense of the author's words. In the United States, reading instruction often ends at elementary school, so students sometimes have difficulty as they progress through school. They must take their assignments armed only with their elementary school reading skills. The result, too often, is frustration and loss of confidence. And the assigned reading in your college courses will be even greater than they were in high school. Developing Reading Skills is designed to accomplish several tasks : to show you the skills that will enable you to read with greater comprehension, to help you cope with reading assignments with confidence, and to teach you to become an active reader. 26. The author develops his point by starting with ______. A. an example B. an incident C. a statement D. a contrast 27. Which of the following statements is implied in Paragraph 1? A. Clifford was good at playing the saxophone. B. The author's friend was once a street musician. C. The 12-year-old girl played the trumpet very poorly. D. Clifford was a good music teacher. 28. "Struck „ as appropriate" in Line 1, Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. seemed to be appropriate B. proved to be appropriate 94625938.doc 第 37 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 C. happened to be appropriate D. found to be appropriate 29. With good reading skills, you can ______. A. understand anything you read without difficulty B. work out the author's meaning if only you concentrate on the book C. understand what you read with the help of a good dictionary D. concentrate on whatever you read 30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Developing Reading skills ______. A. is directed to elementary school students B. centers around vocabulary building skills C. offers elementary reading skills D. aims at helping students read better Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. If you asked people today why they used the telephone to communicate with their friends or why they turned to the television for entertainment, they would look at you as if you were crazy. We don't think about a telephone or a television or a car as being rare. These things have become such an essential part of life that they are no longer noticed, let alone remarked upon. In the same way, within a decade no one will notice the Worldwide Web(互联网). It will just be there, an essential part of life. It will be a reflex to turn to the Web for shopping, education, entertainment and communication, just as it is natural today to pick up the telephone to talk to someone. There is an enormous interest in the Web. Yet it is still in its infancy(婴儿期). The technology and the speed of response are leaping forward. This will move more and more people to the Web as part of their everyday lives. Eventually ,everyone's business card will have an electronic mail address. Every lawyer, every doctor and every business-from large to small -will be connected. To predict that it will take over ten years for these changes to happen is probably pessimistic(悲观的). We usually overestimate what we can do in two years and underestimate 94625938.doc 第 38 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 what we can do in ten. The Web will be as much a way of life as the car by 2008. probably before. 31. What is implied in Paragraph 1? A. Only mad people would ask questions about telephones, TV sets and cars. B. We don't usually ask people why they use the telephone, television and car. C. Today televisions and cars are no longer as important as they used to be. D. In some places, the telephone, television and car are still rare things. 32. According to the text, in ten years' time the Web will ______. A. have become part of people's everyday life B. be as cheap as the telephone of today C. have lost its interest to people D. no longer be an infant 33. The word "reflex" in Line 2, Paragraph 2 probably means _____. A. automatic, unthinking act B. something one is thinking over C. reflection of other people's opinion D. turning from the source 34. Technology for the Web _____. A. has passed its infancy B. is developing at a very rapid rate C. has naturally moved more people together D. is responding to the challenge of the world 35. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The development of the Web has just started. B. It will probably take less than ten years for the Web to become common. 94625938.doc 第 39 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 C. Eventually the Web will be able to link all businesses together. D. We are usually too optimistic when we talk about what we can do in ten years. PART TWO ?. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items) 将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整 的单词写在答题纸上。 36. 酬劳;报答 v. r_ _ _ _ _ 37. 损失;遗失 n. l_ _ _ 38. 优点，长处 n. m_ _ _ __ 39. 欠(债等) v. o_ _ 40. 球形的;全球的 a. g_ _ _ _ _ 41. 郊区 n. s_ _ _ _ _ 42. 激情 n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ 43. 使恢复 v. r_ _ _ _ _ _ 44. 缩短 v. s_ _ _ _ _ _ 45. 每年地 ad. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46. 紧身的;紧的 a. t_ _ _ _ 47. 评论 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ 48. 科学 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ 49. 可爱的 a. l_ _ _ _ _ 50. 祖先 n. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51. 两倍的 a. d_ _ _ _ _ 52. 内部的;内在的 a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53. 媒介物 n. m_ _ _ _ _ 54. 淹没 v. f_ _ _ _ 55. 聚焦 v. f_ _ _ _ ?. Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each item) 将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。 56. The student failed ______ (distinguish) between the two nouns in the examination. 57. The boy stayed there reading his textbook, ______(total) unaware of his mother's presence. 58. The novel is said ______ (translate) into twelve languages in the past ten year. 59. People all over the world ______(try)their best to make the world safer than it is now. 60. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush's approval rating reached 91 percent, the highest level ______(record)since polling began in the 1930s. 94625938.doc 第 40 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 61. If we hadn't got everything ready by now, we ______(have) a terrible time tomorrow. 62. The conditions that existed ten years ago were similar to what they ______(be) today. 63. A ______(brilliant) student would have passed the difficult exam. 64. ______(save) the child, the soldier sacrificed his life. 65. It started to rain as soon as they ______(reach) home. ?. C-E Translation (15 points, 3 points for each item) 将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。 66. 我们已经认识到绿色环境有多么重要。 67. 他正试图说服学生回教室去。 68. 这些老人非常高兴在危险的地方面临挑战。 69. 他很有音乐天赋，但是谈到绘画，他就一窃不通了。 70. 这在二十年前会被看作是不可能的。(注:用虚拟语气) ?. E-C Translation(15 points) 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。 Today, growing numbers of people are changing careers or getting second starts in careers that have greater attraction to them. Motives or reasons for changing careers vary widely, but may people move because they feel bored. For some, a second start grows out of the realization that what they want out of life is not what they are doing, and they decide to do those things they enjoy and believe to be important. Certainly, time spent in one occupation is likely to narrow the range of later occupational choices; very few people start a completely new career in mid-life. Most people move to a related field that involves a minimum of training. 全国2002年10月高等教育自学考试“英语(二)”试题标准答案 ?. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 1D 2C 3D 4B 5C 6B 7A 8B 9D 10A ?. Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each item) 11D 12A 13A 14B 15B 16C 17B 18D 19C 20A ?. Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item) 21C 22D 23D 24B 25A 26B 27A 28A 29C 30D 31B 32A 33A 34B 35D ?. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items) 36.reward 37.loss 38.merit 39.owe 40.global 94625938.doc 第 41 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 41.suburb 42.passion 43.restore 44.shorten 45.annually 46.tight 47.comment 48.science 49.lovely 50.ancestor 51.double 52.internal 53.medium 54.flood 55.focus ?. Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each item) 56.to distinguish 57.totally 58.to have been translated 59.are/have been trying 60.recorded 61.should have/would have 62.are 63.more brilliant 64.To save 65.reached ?. C-E Translation (15 points, 3 points for each item) 66.We have come to realize how valuable/important/significant a green environment is. 67.He is trying to persuade the students to go back to the classroom. 68.These elderly people are very happy to face/be faced with challenges in dangerous places. 69.He has a gift for music,but when it comes to drawing,he knows nothing. 70.This would have been considered impossible twenty years ago. ?. E-C Translation(15 points) 现在越来越多的人在改换职业，或重新开始从事对他们更有吸引力的职业。改换职业的动机 或原因各不相同，但许多人挪动是因为感到厌倦，有些人重新开始是由于他们认识到他们在生活 中所追求的不是现在所从事的工作，于是，他们决定去做自己喜欢并认为重要的事情。当然，从 事 一份职业的时间长短会缩小以后的择业范围，很少有人到中年时还去从事一份完全陌生的职业 。 大多数人是转往相关的只需极少培训的行业。 2002年4月全国高教自考“英语(二)”试题 PART ONE ?.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, i point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将选项号填在答题纸的相应位置上。 1.Studies have shown _______ teenagers often suffer form depression. A.that B.which C.in which D.in that 2.The party has failed to _______ the majority of voters that it is capable of governing the country. A.trust B.credit C.convince D.believe 3._______ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why don't you take a bus to town? A.In spite of B.Rather than C.In palce of D.Other than 4.The kids are _______ be hungry when they get home—they always are. A. obliged to B. bound to C. desired to D. motivated to 94625938.doc 第 42 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 5.All the characteristics that distinguish birds _______ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times. A.to B.between C.for D.from 6.When the city was _______, everyone knew that total defeat was certain. A.cut off B.cut down C.cut across D.cut out 7.If we _______ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow. A.hadn't got B. didn't get C.wouldn't have got D. wouldn’t get 8.In his composition there were no other errors _______ a few misspelled words. A.beside B.except C.then D.than 9.In deciding _______ a course of action, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters. A.what to pursue B.which to pursue C.whether to pursue D.if to pursue 10.Since we have a focused subject, we should not talk _______. A.at once B.at hand C.at intervals D.at random ?.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并将选项号填在 答题纸的相应位置上。 Economists believe that job earnings influence choice of occupation. They acknowledge that people place varying emphasis __11__income, but point out that workers tend to move from one occupation to another __12__changes in salaries. In 1931, H.F.Clark, an economist, stated that “proper information regarding wages if sufficiently __13__ upon people, will lead to correct choice of occupation and correct __14__ of people in an occupation, provided barriers to occupations have been removed.” This means that the supply and demand of workers have __15__to do with wages, __16__in turn influence people to choose certain careers.. However, all barriers to occupations will have to be removed __17__ career choices can be __18__ by economics alone. There is little question __19__economic factors have some influence on choice of an occupation. But to picture them as the major or most important reason __20__ against the soundest of folk wisdom:“Man does not live by bread alone.” 11.A.in B.on C.into D.for 12.A.despite B.other than C.through D.because of 13.A.to impress B.to be impressed C.impress D.impressed 14.A.number B.amount C.deal D.quantity 94625938.doc 第 43 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 15.A.many B.much C.lot D.nothing 16.A.it B.that C.which D.where 17.A.before B.after C.until D.when 18.A.expected B.explained C.expressed D.exposed 19.A.that B.which C.as D.when 20.A.to go B.going C.goes D.go ?.Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item) 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并将选项号填在答题纸的相应 位置上。 Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. “No man is an island,” wrote the poet John Donne several centuries ago. He was acknowledging one of our most distinctive characteristics: the fact that we are social animals whose behavior and personalities are shaped by the groups to which we belong. Throughout life, most of our daily activities are performed in the company of others. Whether our purpose is working, playing, raising a family, learning, or simply relaxing, we usually pursue it in groups, even if the group is as small as two or three people. Out need for human contacts is not merely a practical one; it is a deep psychological need as well. If people are deprived of the company of others for prolonged periods, mental breakdown is the usual result. Even the Geneva Convention(日内瓦公约)，an international agreement that regulates the treatment of prisoners of war, recognizes this need. It regards solitary(孤独的) imprisonment for more than thirty day as a cruel form of torture(折磨). In its strictest sense, a group is a collection of people interacting together in an orderly way on the basis of shared expectations about one another's behavior. As result of this interaction, members feel a common sense of “belonging.” They distinguish members from nonmembers and expect certain kinds of behavior from outsiders. 21.By “No man is an island,” John Donne means _____. A.no one can live on an island alone B.a man is not surrounded by sea on all sides C.a man and an island are irrelevant D.no one can live in isolation from other people 22.The fact that we work or even play in groups illustrates the point that ____. A.poeple are different from animals B.Donne recognized the group to which he belonged C.human beings are social animals D.human behavior and personalities are formed by others 94625938.doc 第 44 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 23.“Breakdown” as used in Line 6, Paragraph 2 most probably denotes ____. A.separation B.collapse C.analysis unction D.f 24.According to the passage, what is NOT a characteristic of group? A.There are at least two people in it. B.The members share some common grounds. C.The members work for one purpose. D.The members interact regularly with each other. 25.This passage is mainly about _______. A.the importance of human contacts B.pattens of human behavior C.the importance of human activities D.patterns of human society Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The word health can be used in a number of ways. In the past, health only the absence of disease or illness. Today, though, health has a broader meaning. Health is the state of your well-being that includes how you feel physically, mentally, and socially. Wellness is another term that describes this broader view of health. You can understand the need for a broader definition if you think about how health in your life is different from health in your grandparents' lives. In 1900, the main causes of death were diseases that were spread by bacteria(细菌) and viruses(病毒).If you had lived then, the danger of your dying from pneumonia(肺炎) would have been three times greater than the danger of your dying from cancer. The diseases that were most common in 1900 affected people of all ages. It is not surprising, then that around 1900, the emphasis of health was on freedom from illness. Today many of the diseases that were common in 1900 can be prevented or cured by improved medicines and methods of sanitation(卫生). Most diseases now are likely to occur later in life. You as a teenager will probably not have to think about the same threats to your health as your grandparents did. These improvements in health conditions mean that not only can you now enjoy a better life, but you also have a greater chance of having a longer life. Conrtolling diseases has increased the life expectancy in the United States. Grenerally, people born more recently have higher life expectancies. Since 1900, the life expectancy in the United States has increased by more than 27 years. It has increased from 47 years for those born in 1900 to 74 years 1981. 26.According to Paragraph 1, health and wellness ______. A.can be used interchangeably on all occasions B.are different in that the latter has a broader sense 94625938.doc 第 45 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 C.had the same meaning in the past D.both refer to the state of your well-being 27.Which of the following statements is true? A.Diseases caused by bacteria and viruses were incurable in 1900. B.Bacteria and viruses are the main causes of death today. C.Medicines for curing pneumonia were not available in 1900. D.Pneumonia caused as many deaths in 1900 as cancer does today. 28.“Life expectancy” in the last paragraph most probably means ____. A.the kind of life that a person may expect to live B.the mode of life that a group of people have lived C.the length of time that a person or an animal has lived D.the length of time that people may expect to live 29.On an average, people in America who were born in 1900 ______. A.had a life-span of 74 years B.lived a shorter but better life than those born later C.lived to 47 years of age D.lived 27 years longer than those born in 1981 30.The intended readers of the passage are _______. A.teenagers B.the diseased C.adults D.aged people Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what the values are which Americans live by. They have never given the matter any thought. Over the years I have introduced thousands of international visitors to life in the United States. This has caused me to try to lock at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors, I am confident that the values listed in this booklet describe most (but not all )Americans, and that understanding these values can help you, the international visitor, understand Americans. It is my belief that if foreign visitors really understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans, they will then be able to understand 95% of American actions —actions which might otherwise appear “strange,”“confusing,”or “unbelievable” when evaluated from the perspective of the foreigner's own society and its values. The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter and action, or hear a statement in the United States which surprises you, try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet. 94625938.doc 第 46 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 31.Can an ordinary American tell you his/her value system? A.Yes, because this is something an American lives by. B.No, because everyone will have his/her own system. C.No, because he/she has never thought about it. D.Yes, because values are something often in their thought. 32.The author lists 13 values in his booklet to _____. A.invite foreigners to visit America B.look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors C.describe the confusing actions of most Americans D.help international visitors understand Americans 33.The word “ingrained” in Line 2, Paragraph 3 most probably means _____. A.rooted in the minds B.found in the grains C.planted for food D.prepared with grain 34.Visitors sometimes fine Americans behave in a strange, confusing or unbelievable way, probably because _____. A.Americans are hard to understand B.Americans have values which are entirely different from their own C.they view Americans according to the values in their own society D.it is difficult to understand any people when you first encounter them 35.How can you understand a surprising behavior or statement of an American when you visit the United States? A.By linking it to the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of the Americans. B.By comparing it with the values of yourself and your country. C.By expressing one or more of the values in this booklet. D.By looking at the particular group of people who behave or speak that way. PART TWO ?.Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items) 将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整 的单词写在答题纸上。 36.护照 n. p_______ 37.毕业生 n. g_______ 38.减轻;救济 n. r_____ 39.货物，船货 n. c_______ 40.深奥的，深刻的 a. p_______ 41.使延长 v. l_______ 42.城市的 a. u_____ 43.任命 v. a_______ 44.诚实 n. h_____ 45.强迫 v. c_______ 46.批评的，批判的 a. c______ 47.献身，忠诚 n. d______ 48.效率高的 a. e______ 49.手工的 a. m_______ 50.日常工作，常规 n. r______ 51.中立的 a. n_______ 94625938.doc 第 47 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 52.朝气蓬勃的 a. y______ 53.提高 v. h_______ 54.附加的;另外的 a. a______ 55.家庭的;家庭 a.&n. h_______ ?.Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each item) 将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。 56.______(stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat. 57.It is said the conference is ______(hold) in this hall next month. 58.Little did they realize that they _____(make) an important discovery in science. 59.we would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere _____(appreciate) of your help. 60.As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used in experiments may decrease, but stopping ____(test) on animals altogether is a long way away. 61.Large or fat people who want to look ____(small) than they are usually wear dark clothes. 62.Robots, becoming ______(increase) prevalent in factories, are programmed and engineered to do more jobs. 63.The author of the text expresses a strong _____(disapprove) of working on and off frequently. 64.He would have given you more help, if he ______ (not be) so busy. 65.A life _____(live)without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed. ?.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points for each item) 将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。 66.图书管理员要求学生有读完杂志后放回原处。 67.警察已着手对这个案子进行细致、全面的调查。 68.你是否把所有的钱都从银行里取出来由你自己决定。 69.他对妻子要离开他的威胁没有在意。 70.如果你坚持不听我的话，我就是要惩罚你。 ?.Translation from English into Chinese(15 points) 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。 When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or upsetting situation. For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then predicts the situation, acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn't sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And if he cannot make things work out right, he doesn't feel ashamed that he has failed; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook on life, a special feeling about life, and knows how to fit into it. 全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题参考答案 94625938.doc 第 48 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 ?.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points,1 point for each item) 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.D ?.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.C ?.Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item) 21.D 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.D 29.C 30.A 31.C 32.D 33.A 34.C 35.A ?.Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items) 36.passport 37.graduate 38.relief 39.cargo 40.profound 41.lengthen 42.urban 43.appoint 44.honesty 45.compel 46.critical 47.devotion 48.efficient 49.manual 50.routine 51.neutral 52.youthful 53.heighten 54.additional 55.household ?.Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each item) 56.Standing 57.to be held 58.had made 59.appreciation 60.testing 61.smaller 62.increasingly 63.disapproval 64.had not been 65.lived ?.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points for each item) 66.The librarian asked the students to replace the magazines after reading. 67.The police have taken a detailed and comprehensive investigation into the case. 68.It's up to you whether you will withdraw all your money form the bank. 69.He took no notice of his wife's threat to leave him. 70.If you persist in ignoring what I (have) said , I will punish you. ?.Translation from English into Chinese(15 points) 谈到聪明，我们不是指在某些种类的考试中得高分、或者在学校取得优异成绩的能力。我们所指 的聪明是一种生活和行为的方式，尤其是在新的或者令人不安的情况下的生活行为方式。 比如，遇到新的情况，聪明人考虑的不是自己，或者自己会出什么事，而是尽一切努力了解情况，然后预测形势，并立即采取行动解决问题。他或许并不知道行动的结局如何，但至少他会尽力而 为。如果他无法解决好问题，他不会因为失败而感到难堪，他只会从错误中取教训。聪明人即使 年龄很小也对生活有特殊的态度、特殊的情感，并知道如何适应生活。 94625938.doc 第 49 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 2001年10月全国高教自考“英语(二)”试题 第一部分(选择题，共50分) ?. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points,1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1. Should she come tomorrow, I _________ take her to the museum. [A] can [B] will [C] would [D] must 2. Many of us visited the industrial exhibition, __________, to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech(高技术)products. [A] where [B] which [C] as [D] that 3. There networks are on the __________ for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake. [A] eagerness [B] alarm [C] alert [D] guard 4. His name will be crossed out from the list _________ he makes the same mistakes again. [A] if [B] unless [C] because [D] though 5. With the soaring of prices, a number of young college graduates cannot earn their living, ___________ supporting their parents. [A] not to say [B] to say nothing of [C] not saying [D] saying nothing of 6. _________ it was raining, many international tourists were haying picnics in the woods. [A] In spite [B] In spite of [C] In spite of that [D] In spite of the fact that 7. The students would not have made so much progress under less ________ conditions. [A] popular [B] welcome [C] favourable [D] prosperous 8. Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young man's bed; he ________ heavily. [A] must have drunk [B] must drink [C] should drink [D] had to drink 9. On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order _________ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices. [A] which [B] what [C] that [D] in that 10. _________ home, she found that she had left the key at the office. [A] To have arrived [B] To arrive [C] While arriving [D] Arriving 94625938.doc 第 50 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 ?. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将 相应的字母涂黑。 Writing in a diary, watching television, talking with friends, speaking on the telephone, and 11 a menu ? what do they have in common? They are all 12 of communication. It has been 13 that people spend more time communicating than they spend in any other complex activity in life. 14 , communication is a word that most people have difficulty 15 and talking about. The word communication may be used to identify activities that do not 16 people. For example, the word may sometimes be used to describe the 17 that animals relate to each other. 18 , it is said that electronic devices“communicate”with each other. However, communication most often refers to activities among people. Thus, communication may be defined as the 19 by which people exchange feelings and ideas with one another. 20 this definition is clear and simple, much more needs to be said. 11. [A] read [B] reading [C] to read [D] having read 12. [A] patterns [B] fashions [C] forms [D] models 13. [A] estimated [B] predicted [C] designed [D] counted 14. [A] Therefore [B] Hence [C] Moreover [D] Even so 15. [A] deserving [B] demonstrating [C] describing [D] defining 16. [A] involve [B] evolve [C] resolve [D] revolve 17. [A] methods [B] ways [C] habits [D] techniques 18. [A] Traditionally [B] Constantly [C] Similarly [D] Usually 19. [A] measures [B] means [C] modes [D] manners 20. [A] When [B] Now that [C] While [D] If ?. Reading Comprehension (30 points,2 points for each item) 从下列每篇短文后面的问题所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母 涂黑。 Passage One Questions 20 to 25 are based on the following passage. In the past industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the 94625938.doc 第 51 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers. Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of government and which showed need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disaster or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who had died or become seriously ill. Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U.S., for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work, and then reports any companies that are breaking laws which protect the health and safety of workers. 21. According to Paragraph 1, compared with today, industries in the past _______. [A] were controlled less strictly [B] were worse off [C] affected more people's health [D] put out more unhealthy products 22. It is implied in Paragraph 2 that years ago governments _________. [A] paid much attention to the results of scientific discoveries [B] seldom introduced safety laws before disasters occurred [C] hardly ever looked into the causes of tragedies [D] imposed safety rules as soon as disasters occurred 23. In the U.S. today ________. [A] there are altogether three departments which protect customers and workers [B] stores dealing in foods and drugs are under government control [C] a company with poor or dangerous working conditions is likely to be punished [D] the protection of workers' health and safety is well ensured 24. The main topic of the passage is _________. [A] industries in the past and at present [B] changes in the development of industries [C] the protection of industrial workers and customers [D] the freedom of industries 25. The purpose of this passage is to __________. [A] inform [B] criticize [C] entertain [D] persuade Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. I made a pledge to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally loving. No ifs, ands or buts. 94625938.doc 第 52 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 The idea had come to me as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The speaker was quoting a Biblical(圣经的)passage about husbands being thoughtful of their wives. Then he went on to say,“Love is an act of will. A person can choose to love.” To myself, I had to admit that I had been a selfish husband. Well, for two weeks that would change. And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said,“That new yellow sweater(套头衫) looks great on you.” “Oh, Tom, you noticed,”she said, surprised and pleased. Maybe a little puzzled. After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought,“Evelyn's been alone here with the kids all week and now she wants to be alone with me.”We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites. So it went. Two weeks of not calling the Wall Street firm where I am a director; a visit to the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that's how the whole vacation passed. I made a new pledge to keep on remembering to choose love. There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment, however. Evelyn and I still laugh about it today. On the last night at our cottage, preparing for bed, Evelyn stared at me with the saddest expression. “What's the matter?”I asked her. “Tom,”she said in a voice filled with distress,“do you know something I don't?” “What do you mean?” “Well„that checkup(体检) I had several weeks ago„our doctor„did he tell you something about me,Tom, you've been so good to me„am I dying?” It took a moment for it all to sink in. Then I burst out laughing. “No, honey,”I said, wrapping her in my arms.“You're not dying; I'm just starting to live.” 26. In the first paragraph,“No ifs, ands or buts”probably means“_________.” [A] Unintentionally [B] Inevitably [C] Impressively [D] Unconditionally 27. From the story we may infer that Tom drove to the beach cottage ________. [A] with his family [B] with Evelyn [C] alone [D] with his children 28. During the two weeks on the beach, Tom showed more love to his wife because _________. [A] she looked lovely in her new clothes [B] he had made a lot of money in his Wall Street firm [C] he was determined to be a good husband [D] she was seriously ill 29. The author says,“There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment.”What was the one thing that went wrong? 94625938.doc 第 53 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 [A] He praised her sweater, which puzzled her. [B] She insisted on visiting a museum, which he hated. [C] He knew something about her illness but didn't tell her. [D] He was so good to her that she thought she must be dying. 30. By saying“I'm just starting to live,”Tom means that ________. [A] he is just beginning to understand the real meaning of life [B] he is just beginning to enjoy life as a loving husband [C] he lived an unhappy life before and is now starting to change [D] he is beginning to feel regret for what he did to his wife before Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Americans who remember“the good old days”are not alone in complaining about the educational system in this country. Immigrants(移民)complain, too. Lately a German friend was filled with anger when he learned that the mathematics test given to his son on his first day as a college freshman included multiplication and division. Japanese businessmen in Los Angeles send their children to private schools staffed by teachers imported from Japan to learn mathematics at Japanese levels, generally considered at least a year more advanced than the level here. But I wonder: If American education is so poor, why is it that this is still the country of innovation(创新)? When I was 12 in Indonesia, I had to memorize the name of all the world's major cities, from Kabul to Karachi. At the same age, my son, who was brought up a Californian, thought that Buenos Aires was Spanish for good food. However, unlike children of his age in Asia and Europe, my son had studied creative geography. When he was only 6, he drew a map of the route that he traveled to get to school, including the streets, the traffic signs and the houses that he passed. Dissatisfied American parents forget that in this country their children are able to experiment freely with ideas; without this they will not really be able to think or to believe in themselves. Critics of American education cannot grasp one thing: freedom. America, I think, is the only country that extends even to children the license to freely speak, write and be creative. Our public education certainly is not perfect, but it is a great deal better than any other. I think I have found the answer to my question. 31. From the text we learn that _________. [A] both Americans and immigrants are dissatisfied with the quality of American education [B] the author shares the general idea that American education is worse than education in many other countries [C] Japanese schools in America require their American teachers to teach mathematics at Japanese levels [D] the author's German friend was a little displeased because the mathematics test for his son was too easy 94625938.doc 第 54 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 32. Which of the following is NOT true? [A] The author most probably was an immigrant from Asia and received some school education there. [B] Buenos Aires must be the name of a city, as are Kabul and Karachi. [C] Children in other countries are not likely to learn creative geography. [D] The knowledge of geography of the author's son shows that American education is poor. 33. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? [A] If children are not allowed to experiment freely with ideas they won't grow up independent and creative. [B] Most Americans think the present American educational system is not as good as it used to be [C] Private schools run by Japanese businessmen maintain a higher level than American public schools. [D] Americans are more innovative than other people in the world. 34. In the last paragraph the author says,“I have found the answer to my question.” What is the question? [A] Is Japanese education better than American education? [B] Why do Japanese businessmen send their children to Japanese-staffed schools? [C] Why was my son not taught enough geographic knowledge? [D] Is American education really worse than education in other countries? 35. What would be the best title for this passage? [A] American education and education in foreign countries [B] Improvement needed for American education [C] Freedom to think-characteristic of American education [D] Education and innovation in America 第二部分(非选择题，共50分) ?. Word Spelling (10 points,1 point for two items) 将下列汉语译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单 词写在答卷纸上。 36. 婴儿 n. i _ _ _ _ _ 37. 收回，撤退 v. w _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38. 挨饿 v. s _ _ _ _ _ 39. 主题 n. t _ _ _ _ 40. 波动，起伏 v. f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41. 战略，策略 n. s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42. 分配;任务 n. a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43. 人性;人类 n. h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44. 谈判，协商 v. n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45. 短语 n. p _ _ _ _ _ 46. 道德的 a. m _ _ _ _ 47. 预算 n. b _ _ _ _ _ 94625938.doc 第 55 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 48. 动机，动力 n. m _ _ _ _ _ 49. 威胁 n. t _ _ _ _ _ 50. 典型的 a. t _ _ _ _ _ _ 51. 分开，分离 n. s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52. 年轻的;朝气蓬勃的 a. y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53. 维持;维修 v. m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54. 逃离 v. f _ _ _ 55. 环境，周围状况 n. e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ?. Word Form (10 points,1 point for each item) 将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答卷纸上。 56. It has been proved that some people's best ideas seem ________(occur) when they are relaxing and daydreaming. 57. If you had come earlier, you ________(not miss) the first act of the play. 58. They may have their passports __________(remove), making leaving or“escaping” actually impossible. 59. This poem, if _________(translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense. 60. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the __________(old) its population is likely to be. 61. Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning _________(see), although to a lesser degree, in other industry of the future will have to know about IT (information technology). 63. The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a ________(trick) situation. 64. These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is _________(specialize) in its function. 65. _________(tell) that some guests were coming, she shopped all morning in the supermarket. ?. Translate the following sentences into English (15 points, 3 points for each item) 将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答卷纸上。 66. 近年来，计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛。 67. 不论他怎么说，我也不相信他。 68. 他的肤色与他是否是个好教授没有关系。 69. 在表达自己的意见时，我们应该力求客观。 70. 从某种程度上来说，她的失败是由于运气不好。 ?. Translate the following passage into Chinese (15 points) 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答卷纸上。 It is amazing(令人惊讶的)how much we know about parenting before we have children, and how little we know once we become parents ourselves. Before we have children we know just how to avoid making the mistakes our parents made and how to handle those violent tempers that we see other parents mismanage. 94625938.doc 第 56 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 And then we have our own children. What happens to all that confidence and knowledge? If we're lucky, we can hold on to it briefly as our hearts are filled with wonder at that lovely baby who can do no wrong. But in no time at all that newborn baby who brought us so much joy is challenging us in ways we never imagined and bringing confusion into our once orderly lives. 全国2001年10月全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题参考答案 ?. Vocabulary and Structure 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.D ?. Cloze Test 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.C ?. Reading Comprehension 21.A 22.B 23.C 24.C 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.C 29.D 30.B 31.A 32.D 33.A 34.D 35.C ?. Word Spelling 36. infant 37. withdraw 38. starve 39. theme 40. fluctuate 41. strategy 42. assignment 43. humanity 44. negotiate 45. phrase 46. moral 47. budget 48. motive 49. threat 50. typical 51. separation 52. youthful 53. maintain 54. flee 55. environment ?. Word Form 56. to occur 57. would not have missed 58. removed 59. translated 60. older 61. to be seen 62. wanting 63. tricky 64. special 65. Having been told ?. Translate the following sentences into English 66. In recent years, the computer is finding wider and wider application in all fields. 67. Whatever he says, I won't believe him. 68. The color of his skin is irrelevant to whether he is a good professor or not. 69. In expressing our opinions, we should try to be as objective as possible. 70. To some degree, she owed her failure to bad luck. ?. Translate the following passage into Chinese 真奇怪， 在(我们)有孩子以前我们对育儿所知其多，而一旦(我们)成了父母我们又所知甚少。 有孩子以前， 我们知道如何避免我们父母犯过的错误，也知道如何对付那些别的父母不知如何处 理的暴躁脾气。 然后，我们有了自己的孩子。所有那些自信和知识都到哪儿去啦,如果我们幸运，当我们看到自 94625938.doc 第 57 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 己可爱的不会犯错误的宝宝时，(我们)心中充满惊喜，这时我们还能暂时保有自己的信心和知 识，但很快地，那给我们带来如此多欢乐的新生儿就对我们发出我们从未设想过的挑战，并使我 们一度秩序井然的生活乱成一团。 2001年4月全国高教自考“英语(二)”试题 第一部分(选择题，共50分) I. Vocabulary and Structure(10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.It was there, the police believe, ________ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag. A、until B、which C、that D、when 2.It is not yet known ________ computers will one day have vision as good as human vision. A、whether B、if C、that D、how 3.If you are now ________ ,you ought to pay more attention to your health. A、in the fifties B、in your fifties C、in fifties D、in your fifty 4.Americans have learned much about he way in which the system can be managed so as to ________ the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. A、make it possible B、make possible C、make possibly D、make it possibly 5. ________ their differences, they fell passionately in love with each other. A、As for B、Owing to C、Despite D、Through 6.Such attitudes amount to a belief ________ leisure can and should be put to good use. A、which B、if C、whether D、that 7. ________ yourself to the job in hand, and you'll soon finish it. A、Reply B、Imply C、Apply D、Supply 8.This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to ________ on your class assignments and projects. A、day B、date C、number D、time 9.I can't ________ the meaning of his poem because it's too vague. A、turn out B、put out C、figure out D、look out 10.Some people think that animal research is irrelevant ________ our health and that it can often produce misleading results. A、with B、at C、on D、to II. Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将 相应的字母涂黑。 Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence(居住),the activities 11 during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to 12 their needs. Tourism is a luxury. Until recently, participation 13 restricted to the select few 14 could afford both the time and money to travel. 15 ,increased leisure and higher incomes have combined to enable more people to join in. Improvements in transportation, and the 94625938.doc 第 58 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 growth of inclusive(全包的)tours and other forms of relatively cheap vacation travel, have further 16 the opportunity to travel for pleasure. Today the majority of people in the developed world and increasing numbers in the developing countries are tourists 17 some time in their lives. Tourism is no longer the special right of a few but is an accepted styles of a large and growing number of people. and 18 expected part of the life- Tourism is 19 major economic and social significance. More than 270 million tourists spend $92 billion(US)annually in places outside their own countries. This is one of the largest items in the world's foreign trade. With a world growth in visitor arrival rate of 20 6 per cent per year, tourism is also one of the fastest growing economic activities. It is the most important export industry and earner of foreign exchange in many countries. 11. A. undertaken B. to undertake C. undertaking D. undertook 12. A. demand B. request C. meet D. consider 13. A. is B. was C. will be D. were 14. A. they B. those C. who D. these 15. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. And D. However 16. A. extended B. intended C. tended D. pretended 17. A. in B. on C. over D. at 18. A. even B. still C. so D. yet 19. A. for B. of C. to D. after 20. A. considerably B. relatively C. significantly D. approximately III. Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item) 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂 黑。 Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. By the Treaty of Paris of 1763, which ended the war with the French and the Indians, England gained possession of Canada and all the territory east of the Mississippi River. French influence on this continent thus came to an end; England now controlled most of North America. But the war had been long and expensive. England had many debts. George III, king of England, after consulting with his advisers, decided that the American colonists(殖民者)should help pay some of the expenses of this war. A standing English army of 10,000 men had been left in the colonies(殖民地)for protection against the Indians. The English government also felt that the colonists should share in the expenses of maintaining this army. The result was a series of measures, the Grenville Program, passed by Parliament and designed to raise money in the colonies. Some of these measures were accepted by the colonists, but one in particular, the Stamp Act, was met with great protest. The Stamp Act required that stamps, ranging in price from a few cents to almost a dollar, be placed on all newspapers, advertisements, bills of sale, wills, legal papers, etc. The Stamp Act was one of the causes of the American Revolution. It affected everyone, rich and poor alike. Some businessmen felt that the act would surely ruin their businesses. Of all the voices raised in protest to the Stamp Act, none had greater effect than that 94625938.doc 第 59 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 of a young lawyer from Virginia - Patrick Henry. Henry had only recently been elected to the Virginia Assembly. Yet when the Stamp Act came up for discussion, he opposed it almost single-handedly. He also expressed, for the first time, certain ideas that were held by many Americans of the time but that never before had been stated so openly. "Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be bought at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty(万能的)God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!" 21.From the text we learn that ___________________. A、Britain took over Canada from the Indians in 1763 B、there had been a war between the French and the Indians which ended in 1763 C、France used to have control of Canada and some areas east of the Mississippi River D、the French still kept some influence in North America through the Treaty of Paris 22.The Grenville Program refers to ___________________. A、King George III's plan to gather money in North America B、the British government's desire to raise money in North America C、a plan to share the expenses of maintaining an army in the American colonies D、a decision of the British Parliament to collect money in the American colonies 23.The Stamp Act ___________________. A、was an act about selling stamps at prices from a few cents to almost a dollar B、required that all commercial and legal documents in America have stamps on them C、was the main cause of the American Revolution D、chiefly affected business people who felt it would ruin their businesses 24.From the text we learn that Patrick Henry ___________________. A、had been a member of the Virginia Assembly for a long time B、didn't know what courses to take to complete his studies as a lawyer C、was almost the only one who openly protested against the Stamp Act D、didn't value life or peace as much as other people did 25.This passage is mainly about ___________________. A、one of the events leading to the American Revolution B、the Treaty of Paris between Britain and France C、the Grenville Program to raise money in the American colonies D、Patrick Henry, a hero who opposed the Stamp Act Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. A number of recent books have reworked subjects, forms and writing techniques. Today's children read stories about divorce, death, drugs, air pollution, political extremism and violence. Relying on the magic of the illustrator, all kinds of books are being published. Before they know to read, babies can play with books made of cloth or books made to take in the bath. Later on, they are given picture books that may be cubical(立方形的)or triangular, outsized or very small. They also like work-books which come with watercolours and paintbrushes, and comic books(漫画册)filled with details where they have to spot a figure hidden among thousands of others. 94625938.doc 第 60 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 Not that the traditional children's books are being neglected. There are still storybooks where the pages pop up(跳起)when they are opened, to make a forest or a castle. Among the latest ideas are interactive stories where readers choose the plot(情节)or ending they want, and books on CD, which are very popular in rich industrialized countries. The public has enthusiastically greeted the wealth of creativity displayed by publishers. "Previously, giving a child a book as often seen as improper," says Canadian author Marie-France Hebért. Her books, published by a French-language publisher, sell like hot cakes in hundreds of thousands of copies. "There's a real appetite for reading these days and I try to get across to children the passion for reading which is food for the mind and the heart, like a medicine or a vitamin." 26."Reworked" as used in Paragraph 1 means "___________________". A、reworded B、rewritten C、processed D、revised 27.In the second paragraph the author lists the kinds of books ___________________. A、recently published B、of various shapes C、babies like D、popular among children 28.Which of the following statements is true? A、Books made of cloth came out earlier than picture books. B、When you buy work-books you will be given free comic books. C、Traditional children's books are not being removed from market. D、Babies cannot have books while taking a bath. 29.The expression "get across to children" in the last paragraph probably means "___________________". A、pass on to children 、make children believe B C、teach children D、get around to children 30.The main idea of the last paragraph is that people have ___________________. A、warmly welcomed the abundance of wealth shown by publishers B、warmly welcomed the enormous amount of creativity shown by publishers C、showed great enthusiasm in publishers of treat wealty D、reacted strongly to the unlimited creativity of publishers Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until, finally, some attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards 94625938.doc 第 61 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 as power, wealth, or fame(荣誉). Because ill health is universal problem, affecting both the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution(体系;机构).To the sociologist(社会学家), then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease. In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer(治疗者).The latter is typically also the priest (牧师), who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society. 31.Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 1? A、Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health. B、Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering. C、Most of us are aware of the full value of health. D、Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else. 32.The word "authorize" in Paragraph 2 means "___________________". A、make way for B、give power to C、write an order for D、make it possible for 33.In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as ___________________. A、a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthy B、a universal problem that affects every society C、a social responsibility to treat ill health D、a science that focuses on the treatment of disease 34.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true? A、In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill. B、In pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing. C、Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it. D、There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who tried to cure him. 35.The author of this passage is mainly concerned with ___________________. A、sociological aspects in medicine B、medical treatment of diseases 94625938.doc 第 62 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 C、the development of medical science D、the role of religion in medicine 第二部分(非选择题，共50分) IV. Word Spelling(10 points, 1 point for two items) 将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答卷纸上。 36.折叠 v. f _ _ _ 37.电子的 a. e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38.出生率 n. b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39.创造者 n. f _ _ _ _ _ _ 40.授予;判给 v. a _ _ _ _ 41.共和国 n. r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42.舌头;语言 n. t _ _ _ _ _ 43.腐朽，腐烂 n. d _ _ _ _ 44.附加，隶属 v. a _ _ _ _ 45.障碍 n. b _ _ _ _ _ _ 46.警报 n. a _ _ _ _ 47.喷，喷涂 v. s _ _ _ _ 48.肯定的;阳性的 a. p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49.促进;提升 v. p _ _ _ _ _ _ 50.经济;节约 n. e _ _ _ _ _ _ 51.推荐 v. r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52.智力的;精神的 a. m _ _ _ _ _ 53.天文学家 n. a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54.音乐家 n. m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55.给„下定义 v. d _ _ _ _ _ V. Word Form(10 points, 1 point for each item) 将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答卷纸上。 56.The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we ___________________(meet)them before. 57.Robots, ___________________(become)increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world, are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention. 58.They were often compelled___________________(work)twelve or fourteen hours a day. 59.It has been proved that their best ideas seem___________________(occur)when they were relaxing. 60.Her body, with hands and feet ___________________(bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. 61.If it hadn't been for your help, we ___________________(be)in real trouble. 62.The greenest and ___________________(plentiful)leaves are the leaves of grasses living all over the world. 63.All the worries they might have felt for him___________________(drive)off by the 94625938.doc 第 63 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 sight of his cheerful face. 64.Anyone ___________________ (want)to live in the new century will have to know about the computer. 65.The continuing professional education of ___________________ (high)educated adults will become a third level in addition to undergraduate and professional or graduate work. VI. Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points for each item) 将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答卷纸上。 66.不用说，我们现在已不是生活在传统社会。 67.有些星辰的密度(density)达到某一点就会爆炸。 68.我们匆匆忙忙地赶回学校，生怕天会下雨。 69.这个小伙子偷偷把一块表塞进口袋，没让老师看到。 70.科学家正在研究为什么白日梦(daydreaming)会有益于人们的健康。 VII. Translation from English into Chinese(15 points) 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答卷纸上。 Americans are proud of the medical achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and prevention for such diseases as polio(小儿麻痹症)and tuberculosis (肺结核).They have learned a great deal about cancer and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best equipped medical facilities in the world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive. Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is no national health plan for Americans. But there are many programs available for this purpose. Many people have health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays a fixed sum of money regularly into a fund. Then when the employee needs medical help, he can use money from the fund to pay for it. Other people have health insurance. Each monty they pay money to insurance companies which then pay their medical expenses. In some medical plans, the insurance company is also the medical institution. People pay regularly and directly to the hospital. Then when they need medical treatment, they go to the hospital without paying more money. 全国2001年4月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题参考答案 I. Vocabulary and Structure(10 points, 1 point for each item) 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.D II. Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each item) 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.D III. Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item) 21.C 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.D 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.B 31.B 32.B 33.A 34.C 35.A 94625938.doc 第 64 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 IV. Word Spelling(10 points, 1 point for two items) 36.fold 37.electronic 38.birthrate 39.founder 40.award 41.republic 42.tongue 43.decay 44.attach 45.barrier 46.alarm 47.spray 48.positive 49.promote 50.economy 51.recommend 52.mental 53.astronomer 54.musician 55.define V. Word Form(10 points, 1 point for each item) 56.had met 57.becoming 58.to work 59.to have occurred 60.bound 61.would nave been 62.most plentiful 63.were driven 64.wanting 65.highly VI. Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points for each item) 66.It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society. 67.Some stars explode when their density increases to a certain point. 68.We hurried back to school lest it should rain. 69.This young man slipped a watch into his pocket without the teacher's knowing it/being noticed by the teacher. 70.Scientists are studying why daydreaming is beneficial/conducive to people's health. VII. Translation from English into Chinese(15 points) 美国人对于本国的医疗成就非常自豪。医学专家找到了治疗和预防小儿麻痹症和肺结核这类疾病 的方法，他们对癌症心脏病也很有研究，拯救了许多人的生命。美国的医院拥有世界上最好最现 代化的医疗设备。但是这种高水平的医疗代价高昂。 美国的医疗费用很高。美国人没有全国性的医疗保健，但是却有许多与此相关的计划。许多 人在他们工作的公司有保健计划，根据这些计划，公司定期将一笔固定的钱存入一项基金。一旦 雇员需要医疗，他就可以利用这笔基金来支付医疗费用。 其他人有医疗保险。他们每月将钱交给保险公司，保险公司然后支付他们医疗费用。有些医疗计 划中，保险公司也是医疗机构。人们定期直接向医院交费，需要看病时，就去医院，而不用额外 付费。 2000年10月全国高教自考“英语(二)”试题 本试题分两部分。第一部分为选择题，1页至6页，第二部治茄?裉猓?页至8页，共8页;选 择题50分，非选择题50分，满分100分。考试时间150分钟。全部题目用英文作答(英文翻译题 除外)，并将答案写在答案纸的相应位置上，否则不记分。 part one i. vocabulary and structure (10 points, 1 point for each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.she was more_____ than frightened. [a] surprising [b] interested [c] hated [d] surprised 94625938.doc 第 65 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 2. the attention of the public was continually ______ to new possibilities in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge. [a] applied [b] drawn [c] referred [d] thrown 3. few, _____ any, live their lives without some degree of unhappiness and suffering. [a] like [b] except [c] if [d] when 4. many women are too concerned _____ staying thin and they believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food. [a] at [b] in [c] for [d] to 5. in education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute ____ effective thinking and wise judgment. [a] at [b] in [c] for [d] to 6. _____ the numbers in employment, the hotel industry was the second largest industry in this country last year. [a] in line with [b] in terms of [c] in accordance with [d] in proportion to 7. air travel is so quick nowadays that we can leave london after breakfast and arrive in new york _____ eight hours. [a] in [b] for [c] after [d] until 8. it is also true that the effect of a drug is much _____ upon youngsters than adults. [a] in [b] fewer [c] after [d] until 9. because the reading _____ in most college courses are very heavy, students should plan to read every day. [a] assignments [b] schedules [c] activities [d] programs 10. for long-time efficiency and happiness it is best to observe the ____ of health and sound working conditions. [a] principles [b] ideas [c] elements [d] factors ii. cloze test (10 points, 1 points for each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将 相应的字母涂黑。 94625938.doc 第 66 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 although american informality (不拘礼节) is well known , many new visitors think that it indicates a "lack of respect." this is especially true in the business world. americans often use first names _11_ meeting a stranger and do not always shake hands. they often just smile and say "hi" or "hello," _12_ than using a more formal hand shake. it is good to remember that to an american such an informal greeting really means the _13_ thing as a more formal hand shake someplace else. _14_, americans do not usually give a special "farewell" or hand shake to each person when they leave a party or business meeting. they will often just wave good-bye to the whole group or perhaps say, "well, so long everybody, i'll see you tomorrow." they then will leave. _15_ hand shakes. americans seem _16_ totally hurried and hard working or totally informal and at ease. often you will see men working at office desks _17_ their suit coats and ties. they may lean far back in their chairs and even put their feet up on the desk _18_ they talk on the united states should therefore understand that being in a great _19_ dies not indicate unfriendliness and being informal and at ease does not show a lack of respect. americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visitor. in _20_ you will learn these new ways. 11. [a] upon [b] for [c] as [d] at 12. [a] more [b] better [c] rather [d] other 13. [a] such [b] some [c] same [d] whole 14. [a] similarly [b] however [c] therefore [d] especially 15. [a] some [b] then [c] so [d] no 16. [a] both [b] all [c] either [d] neither 17. [a] with [b] without [c] in [d] on 18. [a] while [b] where [c] which [d] because 19. [a] worry [b] trouble [c] pride [d] hurry 20. [a] time [b] case [c] turn [d] vain iii. reading comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each) 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。 passage one questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. 94625938.doc 第 67 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 the economic costs of noise to society are several. airports are currently operating at less than capacity because of noise regulations which restrict their hours of operation. for instance, at washington's national airport no jet traffic is allowed from 11 pm to 7 am. other airports restrict the use of certain runways. one estimate is that noise restrictions reduce possible airport use by 20 percent. the profitable cargo trade is especially affected by night restrictions. in the case of airports, jet engines may be modified to reduce their noise level, or insulation (隔音) from air traffic noise may be provided by the purchase of land around airports or the insulation of buildings. one estimate is that ,5.7 billion would be required to equip all existing jet engines with noise control devices. however, considering the current state of the art, even taking this step will not reduce noise levels at all points to acceptable values. some combination of methods is probably necessary. if all aircraft were made quieter by existing methods, there would be a number of economic benefits. an increase in airport capacity would occur. property values near airports might ruse. transportation costs to and from airports could be reduced since the airports now could be located closer to population centers. much research still needs to be done on the economic aspects of noise reduction and noise effects. although some of the effects of noise pollution are known, more must be discovered about its effects on health, productivity, property values and the quality of life. furthermore, the cost of noise pollution to the economy as a whole needs to be investigated. the public must be alerted to the dangers and economic costs of noise pollution so that people may make intelligent choices and exert appropriate pressures. 21. there is no jet traffic at washington's national airport from 11 pm to 7 am because _____. [a] it is extremely dangerous to fly in the dark [b] noise regulations restrict the hours of airport operation [c] some of its runways are not in good condition [d] cargo planes produce disturbing noises 22. "the current state of the art" (in para.2) means ______. [a] a developed sense of beauty [b] the volumes of present-day traffic 94625938.doc 第 68 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 [c] the most recently developed technology [d] insulation of air traffic noise 23. noise reduction could lead to_____. [a] increased airport capacity [b] lower property values [c] effective modification of existing jet engines [d] more transportation costs to and from airports 24. what is not mentioned in the passage? [a] psychological strain. [b] handling capacity of cargo. [c] measures for noise reduction. [d] public pressures. 25. the author of the passage is concerned primarily with _____. [a] the effects of noise on the quality of life [b] the role of air traffic restrictions [c] the production of quieter engines [d] the economic aspects of noise reduction passage two questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. during a state of deep relaxation, several physiological changes take place in the body: the body's oxygen consumption is reduced; the heart beat decreases; muscle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased sympathetic (交感的) nervous system activity. this restful state not only allows the body to repair and restore itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness. 94625938.doc 第 69 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 how to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a matter of controversy (争议). a recent report by dr. david holmes of the university of kansas in the journal "american psychologist" said that simply sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for the body as meditation (冥想) does. researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree. these experts believe that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation. the debate goes on., but one thing appears to be clear: the relaxation response can be reached by a number of methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there. one day, one method may work best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. once you are aware of all the methods, you can find the one that works best doe you. some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, autoanalysis (自我心理分析) and progressive muscle relaxation response than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and for these reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals. 26. according to the passage, which of the following statements is not true when a person is in a state of deep relaxation? [a] the body takes in less oxygen. [b] the heart beats less frequently. [c] muscles become tense and the body sweats easily. [d] the consciousness becomes more or less calmed. 27. people seem to agree that ____. [a] sitting in an armchair benefits a person as meditation does [b] structured relaxation techniques are more beneficial for a person [c] to achieve a state of deep relaxation is possible through various means [d] what people are all struggling for is a state of deep relaxation 28. in the third paragraph, the phrase "getting there" means _____. [a] arriving at one's destination [b] getting what one wants most [c] finding out a suitable relaxation technique 94625938.doc 第 70 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 [d] reaching a state of deep relaxation 29. as far as relaxation is concerned, the author indicates that _____. [a] aims are more important than means [b] means are more important than aims [c] more and more people are interested in relaxation techniques [d] some relaxation techniques are better than others 30. the author's attitude toward relaxation discussed in the passage is best described as ______. [a] subjective [b] objective [c] optimistic [d] critical passage three questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. people seldom feel neutral about poetry (诗). those who love it sometimes give the impression that it is an adequate substitute for food, shelter, and love. it isn't. words, no matter how satisfying, are never an equivalent for life itself and its human experiences. those who dislike poetry on principle sometimes claim, on the other hand, that poetry is only words and good for nothing. that's not true either. it is easy to become frustrated by words-in poetry or in life-but when words represent and recreate genuine human feelings, as they often do in poetry, they can be very important. poetry is, in fact, more than just words. it is an experience of words, and those who know how to read poetry can easily extend their experience of life, their sense of what other people are like, their awareness of themselves, and their range of human feelings. one reason poetry can be so important is that it is so closely concerned with feelings. poetry is often full of ideas, too, and sometimes poems can be powerful experiences of the mind, but most poems are primarily about how people feel rather than how people think. poems provide, in fact, a language for feeling, and one of poetry's most insistent merits involves its attempt to express the inexpressible. how can anyone, for example, put into words hat it means to be in love or what it feels like to lose someone one cares about? poetry tries, and it often captures exactly the shade of emotion that feels just right to a reader. no single poem can be said to express all the things that love or death feels like, or means, but one of the joys of experiencing poetry occurs when we read a poem and want to day, "yes, that is just what it is like; i know exactly what that line means but i've never been able to express it so well." poetry can be the voice of our feelings even when our minds are speechless with grief or joy. 94625938.doc 第 71 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 31."peopke seldom feel neutral about poetry" (in para.1) in this context means that _____. [a] few people think that poetry is neutral [b] people always differ in their views about poetry [c] people rarely take a biased opinion about poetry [d] people generally think of poetry as extremely important or totally useless 32. the author suggests that _____. [a] poetry tends to make the reader disappointed [b] poetry makes its readers sentimental [c] poetry is more important than words [d] poetry often captures real human feelings 33. according to the author, poetry _____. [a] is more than just words [b] is the poets' feelings about words [c] is anything but patterns of lines [d] is an experiment on the use of words 34. poetry tries, persistently, to express ______. [a] what love and death mean [b] what people think about themselves [c] what people feel but find it hard to describe [d] how people go through life 35. this passage is mainly about ______. [a] the structure of poetry [b] the components of poetry [c] the nature and importance of poetry 94625938.doc 第 72 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 [d] the appreciation of poetry part two iv. word spelling (10 points, 1point for two words) 将下列汉语单词译成英语并写在答题纸上。每个词的词类和第一个字母已在答题纸上给出。首字 母后的每条短线上只写一个字母。 36.护照 37.目标 38.邮费 39.海洋 40.削弱 41.月亮的 42.检查，视察 43.集体宿舍 44.债务 45.基本的 46.内容 47.熟悉的 48.慷慨的 49.邀请 50.发明者 51.菜单 52.明显的 53.不论如何，不顾 54.智慧 55.女主人 v. word from (10 point, 1 point for each) 将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。 56. a man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ______ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance. 57.some proverbs _______ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, a friend in need is a friend indeed. 58. anyone ______ (want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. 59. the nations that _____ actively ______ (involve) in earthquake prediction programs include japan, china, russia, and the united states. 60. it is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes _____ (control) his direction. 61. in 1991, after the gulf war, bush's approval rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling _______ (begin) in the 1930s. 62. as research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals _______ (use) in experiments may decrease. 63. seeing violence one television or reading about it in the newspapers every day _____ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should. 94625938.doc 第 73 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 64. the _______ (far) away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes. 65. they demanded that the right to vote ______ (give) to every adult person. vi. translation from chinese into english (15 points, 3 points for each) 将下列各句译成英文并将答案写在答题纸上。 66.快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多。 67.一个社会的人口增长率越接近零，其人口便越老龄化。 68.据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。 69.机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢, 70.几年前被认为不可能实施的手术现在许多医院都能做。 vii. translation from english into chinese (15 points) 将下类短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。 if you only need to travel a short distance, the quickest way to travel in most cities is on foot. during working hours the traffic is very heavy on most city streets, sometimes coming to a complete stop in places. as a result, many people prefer to walk. you should therefore be aware of some of the traffic laws. it is against the law in many cities to cross the street at any place except at the corner. you should not cross the street unless there is a green traffic light facing in the direction you plan to cross. in small towns, these rules may not be followed as closely, because the traffic is usually not so heavy. however, the purpose of the laws is to provide for the safety and protection of the people. obeying traffic signals is especially important I 2000年10高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)试卷参考答案 ?.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each) 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.A ?.Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each) 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.A 94625938.doc 第 74 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 ?.Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each) 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.A 25.D 26.C 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.B 31.D 32.D 33.A 34.C 35.C ?.Word Spelling(10 points, 1 point for two words) 36.passport 37.target 38.postage 39.ocean 40.weaken 41.lunar 42.inspect 43.dormitory 44.debt 45.basic 46.content 47.familiar 48.generous 49.invite 50.inventor 51.menu 52.obvious 53.regardless 54.wisdom 55.hostess ?.Word Form(10 points, 1 point for each) 56.doing 57.havebeen 58.wanting 59.are„involved 60.to control 61.began 62.used 63.makes 64.farther 65.(should)be given ?.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 point for each) 66.The effects of rapid on the human body are much greater than we realize. 67.The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is. 68.The patient is said to have asked the doctor to help him die. 69.In what fields will robots take over human tasks? 70.Operations that were considered impossible a few years ago can now be performed in many hospitals. ?.Translation from English into Chinese(15 points) ,参考答案, 如果你只走短距离的路程，在大多数城市里最快捷的办法是步行。在上班时间，大多数城市的街 道交通都很拥挤、有些地方有时完全阻塞。结果，许多人宁愿步行。因此，你应该注意某些交通 法规。许多城市除路口外，随处横过马路是违法的。你应当等到对面亮起绿色交通灯时，再过马 路。在小市镇，因为交通通常没有那么拥挤，可能不那么严格遵守这些规则。不过交通法规的目 的是为大家提供安全保护。如果你是来自靠左边行驶的国家，就尤其要遵守交通信号。记住过马 路时，要注意左右两边的车辆。 2000年4月全国高教自考“英语(二)”试题 PART ONE ?.Vocabulary and Structure(10 points,1 point for each) 94625938.doc 第 75 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Almost everything a manager does ________ decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. [A] imposes [B] improvises [C] involves [D] indicates 2.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space _______ which matter has fallen and ________ which nothing can escape. [A] towards „ towards [B] into „ from [C] out of „ from [D] through „ through 3.American men don’t cry because it is considered not ________ of men to do so. [A] characteristic [B] tolerant [C] symbolic [D] independent 4.At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measures to help ________ domestic workers from abuse by their employers. [A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D] inspect 5.Robots differ from automatic machines ________ after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. [A] so that [B] in which [C] given that [D] in that 6.The specific use of leisure ________ from individual to individual. [A] ranges [B] distinguishes [C] varies [D] covers 7.Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances ________ at night. [A] it [B] them [C] the coffee [D] the body 8.Nations are ________ as “aged” when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above. [A] limited [B] classified [C] originated [D] processed 9.It is touching to see how a cat or dog — especially a dog — ________ itself to family and wants to share in all its goings and comings. [A] attributes [B] applies [C] assigned [D] attaches 10.You needn’t ________ him about this since he could find out for himself. [A] tell [B] be telling [C] have told [D] have to tell ?.Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸 上将相应的字母涂黑。 Decisions about housing can influence the quality of your future life. Individual and family needs change( 11 )the time, and housing should be flexible enough to ( 12 ) these changing needs. The plan go buy a home may be( 13 )of the most important financial decisions a person( 14 )makes. The plan to buy a home is( 15 )to present and future income. Rental housing, while not requiring ( 16 )large initial investment, still takes 94625938.doc 第 76 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 a large portion of a family’s monthly budget. Housing provides a setting( 17 )day-to-day living. Housing, furnishings, and equipment must be planned with present and future needs and interests taken into( 18 ). Some people acquire furnishings and equipment before they move into their own home. Family size, health, and income are( 19 ) the factors influencing housing choices. Housing shortages in many parts of the country seriously( 20 ) the freedom of choice in securing shelter. Many families move, and housing may not be permanent. 11. [A]by [B]on [C]over [D]at 12. [A]meet [B]reach [C]seek [D]catch 13. [A]such [B]that [C]one [D]each 14. [A]still [B]yet [C]even [D]ever 15. [A]saved [B]tied [C]spent [D]cost 16. [A]so a [B]a so [C]such a [D]a such 17. [A]to [B]for [C]with [D]from 18. [A]amount [B]account [C]access [D]average 19. [A]between [B]within [C]among [D]across 20. [A]avoid [B]encourage [C]limit [D]extend ?.Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 pints for each) 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答案纸上将相应的字 母涂黑。 Passage One Question 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Art, said Picasso, is a lie that makes us realize the truth. So is a map. We do not usually associate the precise work of the map maker with a fanciful object of art. Yet a map has many qualities that a painting or a poem has. It is truth realized in a symbolic way, holding meanings it does not express on the surface. And like work of art, it requires imaginative reading. Thus, map and reality are not, and cannot be, identical. No aspect of map use is so obvious yet so often overlooked. Most map reading mistakes occur because the user forgets this vital fact and expects a one-to-one correspondence between map and reality. A map, like a painting, is just one special version of reality. To understand a painting, you must have some idea of the medium which was used by the artist. You wouldn’t expect a water color to look anything like an oil painting or a charcoal(木碳)drawing, even if the subject matter of all three were identical. In the same way, the techniques used to create maps will greatly influence the final representation. As a map reader, you should always be aware of the invisible hand of the map maker. Never use a map without asking yourself how it has been biased by the methods used to make it. If the entire map making process operates at its full potential, communication takes place between the map maker and the user. The map maker translates reality into the clearest possible picture under the circumstances, and the map reader converts this picture back into an impression of the environment. For such communication to take place, the map reader as the map maker must know something about how maps are created. 21. Map is a lie _________ . [A] that has little truth in it 94625938.doc 第 77 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 [B] that few of us believe [C] that we use to express the truth [D] that cheats people in a tricky way 22. Map resembles art in that ________ . [A] they are both absolute lies [B] they are both precise as well as fanciful [C] they must be read with imagination [D] they both express meanings in a superficial way 23. Most map reading mistakes occur because ________ . [A] the map is not made according to reality [B] there are obvious differences between the map and reality [C] the user forgets the one-to-one correspondence between the map and reality [D] the user overlooks the gap between the map and reality 24. “the invisible hand of the map maker”(in Paragraph 3)refers to ________ . [A] the techniques used to create maps [B] the subject matter of the map [C] the symbols used in the map [D] the final representation of the map 25. The last paragraph describes mainly ________ . [A] how maps are created [B] what the communication between the map maker and the reader is [C] how the map maker translates reality into a picture [D] how the reader converts the picture back into reality Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Music which is original is individual and personal. That is to say, it can be identified as belonging to a particular composer. It has particular qualities, or a style, which are not copied from another. If you can recognize the style of a composer, you will probably be able to tell that a certain composition belongs to him or her even though you have never heard it before. A basket-maker has the skill of weaving and interweaving his materials to create colorful patterns, and an expert carpenter(木匠)has the skill of joining together different shapes and sizes of wood to make a beautiful piece of furniture. These skills may be referred to as “workmanship”(技艺). Similarly, in music a composer organizes his melodies(旋律)and rhythms and combines sounds to create harmony. A composer may be capable of thinking up very good, original tunes, yet if tunes are poorly organized, that is, if the workmanship is poor, the final result will not be to standard. Good music expresses feelings in a way that is suitable to those feelings. There may e joy, sorrow, fear, love, anger, or whatever. Bad music, on the other hand, may confuse unrelated feelings, it may not express any important feeling at all, or it may exaggerate some feelings and make them vulgar, that is, cheap and ugly. Good music will stand the test of time. It will not go out of fashion but will continue to be enjoyed and respected long after it is first introduced. It will gain a kind of permanent status while bad music will disappear and be forgotten quickly. In pop music, 94625938.doc 第 78 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 where the general rule seems to be”the newer the better”, the test of time is the hardest test of all to pass. 26. A piece of original music ________. [A] has a personal style [B] sounds very familiar to our ears [C] is one whose style you cannot recognize [D] can not be recognized as belonging to any composer 27. We can see good workmanship in ________. [A] different shapes and size of furniture [B] materials for creating colourful patterns [C] a piece of music with its melodies and rhythms organized in harmony [D] a piece of music with very good, original tunes mixed together 28. A piece of music can be said to be good if _________. [A] it helps to while away the hours [B] it combines different rhythms and sounds [C] it makes people forget their sorrows and worries quickly [D] it expresses a certain feeling in a proper way 29.According to the last paragraph, “the test of time is the hardest of all to pass” suggests that ________. [A] the newer the music is, the harder it can pass the test of time [B] it is most difficult for music to gain a kind of permanent status [C] pop music will cease to be enjoyed soon after it is introduced [D] good music needn’t pass the test of time 30.This passage is concerned with ________. [A] how to compose music [B] how to enjoy music [C] how to judge music [D] how to perform music Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. To be”historically minded”is to see things I relation and in perspective, and to judge tolerantly. We must remember how differently men have thought and acted in different times. We must always keep an open mind, ready to receive and weigh new evidence. If we grasp this idea, we will never think that a historian(历史学家)is someone who can remember dates. That childish idea is like calling a man a statesman(政治家)because he can remember the names of voters in his district. A waiter could remember more names and a telephone operator more numbers than the greatest historian. The true historian is not content to take all his facts from other historians. Today he makes sure that his statements are based on sound”documents”or”sources”which go back to the time of the facts themselves. But the historian needs always to be in his guard not to be misled by his sources. A document may not be a real one. Its author may be lying on purpose for some reason. He may be so greatly influenced by national, religious, party, or personal backgrounds as to be totally unfair to the other side. If honest, he may be misinformed as to the facts and mistaken in his inferences. 94625938.doc 第 79 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 Anyone who reads the accounts published in the different countries concerning the causes and results of wars will realize that the historian needs caution and training in handling these sources. The trained historian asks first:”Did this writer mean to tell the truth?”and second:”Was he in a position or frame of mind to tell the truth even if he wants to?”Every statement must be patiently weighed and tested and combined with all other available information in order to get at the truth. 31. A “historically minded”researcher _________. [A] always keeps an open mind to history [B] looks at one historical event without relating it to another [C] sees things from a single point of view [D] refuses to accept new evidence 32. In Paragraph 1 the author means to illustrate that ________. [A] different men think and act differently [B] the study of history is not merely a matter of remembering dates [C] a statesman can remember the names of voters in his district [D] a waiter can remember more names than the great historians 33. The true historian should base his statements on ________. [A] findings of other historians [B] documents created at the present time [C] his own inferences [D] sound historical materials 34. Which of the following is the topic of Paragraph 3? [A] Some historical documents may not be real. [B] Some authors may not be honest. [C] Historians should be careful about their sources. [D] Historians may be influenced by their own background. 35. It is emphasized in the last paragraph that ________. [A] wars are accounted for differently in different countries [B] the historian needs caution and training in dealing with his sources [C] some writers may not be telling the truth [D] some writers may not be in a position or frame of mind to tell the truth PART TWO ?.Word Spelling(10 points, 1 point for two words) 将下列汉语单词译成英语并写在答题纸上。每个词的词类和第一字母已在答题纸上给出。首 字线后的每条短线上只写一个字母。 36. 修理 37. 科学 38. 温度 39. 政府 40. 制服，军服 41. 必要的 42. 字典 43. 旅行，行程 44. 有价值的 45. 丈夫 46. 警告 47. 呼吸 48. 实验室 49. 控制 50. 量，数量 51. 接受 52. 秘书 53. 金融的 94625938.doc 第 80 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 54. 化学 55. 多数 ?.Word Form(10 point, 1 point for each) 将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。 56. Much of the carbon in the earth ________(come)from things that once lived. 57. China is not what she ________(use)to be. 58. In the past two decades, research ________(expand)our knowledge about sleep and dreams. 59.If you cannot understand, ask:”Would you mind ________(rephrase)the question, please?” 60. Many preschool teachers do not like to have commercially make toy weapons ________(bring)into the classroom. 61.Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning ________(see)in other industries as well. 62. Let us consider the earth as a planet ________(revolve)round sun. 63. Television ads _________ usually ________ (repeat)over and over again. 64. The more time you waste, the ________(easy)it is to continue wasting time. 65. I would rather he ________(buy)the house next year. ?.Translation from English into Chinese(15 points) 将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。 Although students of all subjects are judged by their performance in course work and examinations, they may be given little or no advice on study, revision or examination techniques. Those who know that they are working hard, yet feel that they are not doing as well as they could either in course work or examinations, are likely to benefit most from straightforward advice-because they know that they need help. However, students who are satisfied with their progress can also be helped to do even better work, just as talented athletes(运动员)can improve their performance when well coached. It would obviously be best, therefore, in their first few weeks at college, if all students were to consider how to use their study and leisure time. Learning to work effectively(to think, understand, select, organize, and explain or remember)would help them not only at college but also in any career. 全国2000年4月高等教育自学考试“英语(二)”试题答案: I . Vocabulary and Structure l.C 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.C ?. Cloze Test 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.C ?. Reading Comprehension 94625938.doc 第 81 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 21.C 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.B 26.A 27.C 28.D 29.B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. D 34.C 35.B ?. Word Spelling 36. repair 37. science 38. temperature 39. government 40. uniform 41. necessary 42. dictionary 43. journey 44. valuable 45. husband 46. warn 47. breathe 48. laboratory 49. control 50. quantity 51.accept 52. secretary 53. financial 54. chemistry 55. majority V. Word Form 56. comes 57. used 58. has expanded 59. rephrasing 60. brought 61. to be seen 62. revolving 63. are . . . repeated 64. easier 65. bought ?. Translation form Chinese into English 66. At that time it was folk music that was popular among college students. 67. Three years ago she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in London. 68. It is well known that even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. 69. This depends on external factors rather than on a candidate's personal characteristics. 70. Will there be any difference between the mental and the manual labour in the future? ?. Translation form English into Chinese 尽管评价各学科学生是依据其课程学习和考试成绩，但在学习、复习或考试方法上他们可能 很少或没有获得指导。 知识自己在努力学习，但对课程学习或考试成绩感到不理想的学生可能从直接指导中获益最 大，因为他们懂得他们需要帮助。但对自己进步感到满意的学生也能在别人帮助下取得更好的成 绩，正如天才的运动员如果有良好的指导也能提高自己的成绩一样。 因此，如果所有学生在大学入学后头几周能想一想怎样利用好学习和休闲时间，这显然最好 不过。学会有效地工作(思考、理解、选择、组织、解释或记忆)不仅能帮助他们在校学习，对他 们今后的任何工作都有好处。 “英语(二)”词汇与结构练习题 1. He learned how to use sign language to ________ with deaf customers. A. connect B. contact C. communicate D. relate 94625938.doc 第 82 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 2. Peter may ________ with this, but I don't really care. A. disagree B. fail C. differ D. discourage 3. I told them I was perfectly ________ to help if they asked. A. kind B. interested C. willing D. favorable 4. It's a simple dish to prepare, ________ mainly of rice and vegetables. A. making up B. composing C. containing D. consisting 5. The samples ________ in quality but were generally acceptable. A. varied B. changed C. disagreed D. exchanged 6. It was dark so I didn't notice what ________ of the office for a few days while he was away. A. set B. sample C. type D. pattern 7. The boss asked her to take ________ of the office for a few days while he was away. A. task B. duty C. work D. charge 8. Don't give me so much information-you're ________ me! A. mistaking B. mixing C. misunderstanding D. confusing 9. How does she manage to keep her ________ when she eats so much? A. body B. figure C. state D. outline 10. They've already been given a 10% raise so why are they ________? A. disapproving B. dissatisfying C. complaining D. proposing 答案:1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. I'm afraid your son has been ________ in an accident. A. fallen B. involved C. succeeded D. dropped 12. The great amount of rain this autumn had ________ the harvest of cotton. A. impressed B. effected C. dismissed D. affected 13. Local train and bus times are ________ on the notice board. A. displayed B. expressed C. made up D. moted down 14. I think these traditional customs should be ________ . A. stayed B. remained C. reserved D. preserved 15. If you want to know how a word is used, ________ the word up in the dictionary. A. refer B. look C. seek D. see 94625938.doc 第 83 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 16. My opinions on this matter are similar to ________. A. theirs B. they C. them D. their 17. She's busy ________ out the wedding invitations. A. writes B. to write C. write D. writing 18. They are quarrelling about the property their father ________ when he died. A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. would left 19. She lives on a farm, so she ________ up early. A. is used to get B. used to get C. is used to getting D. used to getting 20. If I couldn't get a scholarship, I ________ a job instead of going to graduate school next fall. A. will get B. might get C. would have got D. might have got 答案:11. B 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. When mother heard the news she cried ________ a baby. A. just as B. the same as C. just like D. similar to 22. You speak English very well. Your English is much better ________. A. as I B. than I C. as mine D. than mine 23. I was made ________ two hours for an appointment. A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waited 24. I would like ________ another baby but my husband says no. A. having B. my having C. to have D. for me to have 25. These insects are so small ________ they are difficult to see without a microscope. A. so as B. that C. so that D. therefore 26. The city of Montreal ________ over 70 square miles. A. covers B. while covers C. covering D. is covered 27. He was reading a book ________ "The Old Man and The Sea". A. calls B. to call C. calling D. called 28. We must begin testing this machine, no matter ________ difficult it is. A. what B. whatever C. how D. however 29. I wish I ________ telephone my mother more often. A. would B. should C. could D. might 94625938.doc 第 84 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 30. "Have you heard from you brother recently?" "Yes, I got a letter yesterday, but there wasn't ________ news in it." A. some B. much C. many D. lots 答案: 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. B 1. I've lost a file ________ a lot of important documents. A. admitting B. containing C. obtaining D. consisting 2. There are a lot of school children in the long line outside, ________ to get tickets for the show. A. hurried B. excited C. eager D. worried 3. Gas-fired power stations will ________ for less efficient coal-fired equipment. A. substitute B. represent C. take place D. fill up 4. The children are ________ in a great deal of outdoor activities. A. occupied B. entered C. dealt D. engaged 5. My patience is beginning to ________ . A. run out B. run away C. run on D. run down 6. She would be very good for the job, but the same is ________ of several other candidates. A. real B. true C. good D. probable 7. We'll never finish this meeting if people don't ________ go the point. A. approach B. insist C. reach D. stick 8. The role of scientists is to ________ and describe the world, but not to try to control it. A. observe B. discover C. notice D. find out 9. I can't see you, my day is completely ________ with meeting. A. filled in B. filled out C. taken up D. taken on 10. Who'll ________ for the children when Sarah's in the hospital? A. take B. care C. look D. watch 答案: 94625938.doc 第 85 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. The garage has ________ selling petrol-it only does repairs now. A. given off B. given up C. given away D. given in 12. He ________ losing his house when his company went bankrupt. A. risked B. engaged C. threatened D. chanced 13. I tried to ________ him at his office but he wasn't in. A. touch B. contain C. contact D. contract 14. Kids should be ________ from all that violence. A. protected B. projected C. protested D. proposed 15. The answer must ________ in finding alternative sources of energy. A. happen B. lay C. prove D. lie 16. I agreed to her suggestion ________ her. A. not to upset B. mot upsetting C. in order not to upset D. so as not upsetting 17. Many of the people ________ refused to answer. A. questioning B. questioned C. to question D. to be questioned 18. My back hurts, so I ________ on the floor lately. The bed is too soft. A. have slept B. sleep C. have been sleeping D. am sleeping 19. What would you do if ________ tried to rob you in the street? A. anyone B. other one C. someone D. another one 20. It is hotter today than it was yesterday, but last Friday was ________ of all. A. hottest B. the hottest C. hotter D. the hotter 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. B 英语(二)复习系列文章之一:怎样做“词汇与结构”题 这部分题每句有一个空格，下面有四个选择项，要求从中选出一个最佳答案，目的是检查考生运 用英语基本词汇和语法结构的能力。《大纲》对哪些是词汇题，哪些是语法结构题没有严格界定， 但这不妨碍做题。我们大体上可以从下述几个方面分别讨论。对于实义词(这可从四个选择项中 看出来)，我们有时要从整句话的意思来选择答案，看它在逻辑上是不是说得通;有些是近义词， 看似差不多，实际上在不同的语境，要求用不同的词;还有一些词要求不同的介词或副词与它搭 94625938.doc 第 86 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 配。这些因素都能给我们提供解题的线索。还是看《样题》(一)中的相应部分，它的第4题是: In no way can cheating on exams be ______ in school( A( elevated B( navigated C( exaggerated D( tolerated 我们选D为答案，因为tolerate是“允许，容忍”的意思。学校不能姑息考试作弊行为，这在道理上是合情合理的。要是把其余三个词的任何一个放在里面，在意思上就说不通了。做这种题，有时不巧会遇到一些生词，我们可先从认得的词入手，把说不通的否定掉，这样可缩小选择的范围，以后即使只能*臆测选定答案，选中的概率也就大了。如果已找到了一个符合上下文意思的答案，就可以不用再往下看。再看《英语(二)自学考试样题》(以下简称《样题》(二))相应部分的第9题: Most violence,related toys jeopardize the role of play in helping children make better _________ of their own feelings and interpret the world( A( knowledge B( realization C( emotion D( sense 我们选D为答案。为什么呢,这里涉及搭配问题。make sense of是个固定词组，意思“理解，弄明白”，这类词组是不能变通的，换了别的词就不通。 有的题要我们选择介词、关联词或起搭配作用的副词等。关于介词，有些是有明白的意思的，但多数试题中，它没有独立的意思，只是别的词要求和它搭配使用。如《样题》(一)这部分的第1题: They are still not fully able to distinguish right __________ wrong. A( between B( from C( for D( against 我们选B，那是因为我们看到了distinguish这个词，这个词作及物动词用时必须和介词from一起使用方可表示“把……和……区分开来”的意思，用别的介词就不对了。做这样的题我们往往可以不看整个句子，只要注意到作为线索的那个关键词就可以了。 关联词(有时也叫结构词)是把从句和从句、分句和分句等连接起来的那些词。英语的复合句是不能把几个简单句随意地堆砌在一起就成的，要有一些特殊的词把它们连接起来，这样我们就能分清它们是名词从句、定语从句还是状语从句等等。这也要综合全句的结构来看。如《样题》(一)这部分的第2题: ________ you are conscious of it or not， you are using his influence in your own favour( A( Whether B( If C( No matter D( Though 我们选A为答案，它引出的是一个让步状语从句。那么C和D也可引出一个让步状语从句，为什么不选呢,不说别的一些原因，只说我们看到句子中还有or not这两个词，我们知道whether…or not是常在一起用的，有“无论……是否”的意思，no matter和though是没有这样用法的。那么，选B可不可以呢,有时， if是可以取代Whether的，但在这里不行。whether(作“是否”解)从句只有放在及物动词后作宾语时(也就是说作为间接引语时)，才可用if取代whether。在其他情况下都只能用whether。再看《样题》(二)相应部分的第5题: We heard the news _________ some American businessmen will visit our firm( A( what B( that C( which D( when 我们选B。这看上去很像一个定语从句，选C似乎也可以。事实上它是一个名词从句，作the news的同位语，所以只能用that来连接。 这类题中，还有一些涉及句子结构，如句型、词序、某些惯用法等。这需要我们平时多留意，94625938.doc 第 87 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 能够正确识别。可看看《样题》(一)的这部分第10题: _________ asleep when a terrible noise awakened me( A( Scarcely had I fallen B( Scarcely I had fallen C( I had fallen scarcely D( I scarcely had fallen 这是一个有关词序的题。这种句型有两种可能的词序，一是scarcely had I fallen…，另一是 I had scarcely fallen…，我们看看四个选择项，只有A符合要求。再看《样题》(二)这一部分的第3题: __________ ， the basketball match will be resumed on Thursday( A. Weather permits B. Weather permitting C. weather is permitting D. Weather permitted 我们选B，只因为weather permitting是一个惯用结构，别的几种形式都不符合要求。 英语(二)复习系列文章之二:怎样做“完形填空”题 完形填空题是一篇短文，中间留有10个空白，每个空白为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。这部分考试的目的是检查考生综合运用语言的能力。 本题考查的重点是语法结构，也有一些常用词和惯用语的用法。这些问题都在前面几章讨论过了，不同的是前面那些部分都是单句，我们只要对一个句子进行分析，从中找出解题的线索;这里是短文，解题时不能孤立地看一个句子，还要顾及上下文地关系，有些解题的线索可能要从与之相关的别的句子里去找。可以说它不仅像语法或词汇题，还和阅读理解题有相通的一面。 做完形填空题，最好是跳开空格，先将短文快速通读一遍，对短文要说的内容有个大致的了解。然后按照解语法或词汇题的方法，参照上下文选择答案。 如《样题》地完形填空部分，我们粗粗看了一遍后知道它说的是英语句子的含义和语境的关系。有些题的解法和前三章所说的思路一样，不再。我们看看不大一样的例子。如第4题的四个选择项是: A. moreover B. And C. Hence D. Consequently 这四个词都可以来承接前后两个句子的意思。我们看它的前一句说:“它的后面有个问号。”接下来说:“有时„How are you??是一个问句。”这两个句子如果孤立地看没有联系，不成文章。要是我们在后一句前加了Hence(因此)，那就表示出因果关系，上下文在逻辑上语气就连贯了。事实上C就是最佳答案。 再如第9题的四个选择项是: A. so B. such C. this D. thus 选什么为答案同样要看前一句话:“但是多数时候我们说这些话时，不要求别人回答。”根据它，我们选A为答案。为什么呢,因为so这个词可以代替前文的词语或意思，具体到这一句，它实际代表了in such a way 。其余三个词是起不了这个作用的。 英语(二)复习系列文章之三:怎样做“阅读理解”题 阅读理解试题有三段文章构成，每段文章下有若干个问题或不完整的句子，要求从题后的四个选择项中选择一个最符合文章意思的答案。它的目的是检查考生通过阅读获取信息的能力。具体地说，它的题目可能涉及的方面主要有: 一、词或短语的意思。要求确定对了解所读材料的主旨大意、关键事实和对细节有影响的词语的意思; 二、句和句内容之间的联系。要求考生既能理解个别句子的意思，又能理解上下文的逻辑关系; 94625938.doc 第 88 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 三、文章的主题思想和大意。要求确定文章的中心思想、段落大意或设想文章的标题; 四、句子和文章内在的涵义及推理。要求既能理解字面意思，又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论; 五、文章作者的态度。要求根据文章叙事的口气，判断作者的态度和倾向。 阅读理解题在整个考题中篇幅是最大的，因此它不仅要求考生能读懂，还要求有一定的阅读速度。既然它的目的是检查考生通过阅读获取信息的能力，我们就只要求采取浏览的方式把握文章传递的主要信息，不能像精度课一样逐字逐句地分析钻研，以免耗费过多的时间。 根据英语叙事文和议论文的特点，我们在阅读一篇材料时，要特别注意文章的第一段，尤其是它开头的一、两句话。因为这些话往往交待了这篇文章要讨论的问题，它的主题也就清楚了。以后的文字只不过是针对主题进行铺叙或举证说明。如《样题》(一)相应部分的第一篇文章，它的第一句话 Whenever art has function, the function influences and often determines the form. 就提出了“功能决定形式”这个思想，下面的所有文字都是围绕这个思想展开的。它的第一题也是以这句话为基础设计的。 就以后的每一段文字来说，最要注意的也是它的前一、两句话。还以这篇文字为例，它的第二段第一句说 Door keys offer another interesting example. 我们说它是这段文字的“主题句”，它告诉我们下面要说的都是关于“钥匙”的事。而提起钥匙，也是为了要证明“功能决定形式”这一大的主题的。 有的文章摘引得比较完全，这时我们还要注意它最后的几句话。它们可能是作者所下的结论，这也往往成为命题的目标。 至此，我们可以说已了解了这篇材料的大意，可以准备答题了。答题时，我们可能从题目本身或所提供的四个供选择的答案中得到一些启示，帮助我们回头从文章中找到一些相关的句子，仔细看一看，总结出正确的答案。由于问题有限，与问题有关的重要句子也是有限的。对那些与问题无关的句子，我们常常可以把它们忽略，不必细究。 在阅读中遇到了我们不熟悉的生词怎么办,要是这个生词不在答题需要的句子中，完全可以忽略不顾。如果是在那些关键的句子中，我们可以根据上下文得意思猜一猜，常常可以收到效果。事实上，只要对句子的大意有了眉目，即使对其中某个生词的理解不很有把握，也不一定有很大影响。 最后，要是遇到某个题实在做不出来，不要停留在那儿不动。要果断地跳过那道题，等到把会做的题做完了，这时你对整篇文章的意思可能有了更深的理解，再回过头来试试这道题，也许就可猜中它的答案了。 英语(二)复习系列文章之四:怎样做“汉译英”题 汉译英的目的是检查考生用英语表达思想的能力。汉译英题都是单句，结构不会太复杂，要求的词汇也多为常用词，但译出的句子不仅意思要准确，还要符合英语的表达习惯。 做汉译英题也和做英译汉题一样，不要忙着立即从第一个词开始寻找相应的英语词汇，一个94625938.doc 第 89 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 词一个词地顺着译下去。我们同样要以英语的五个基本句型为标准，仔细分析汉语原文，看哪些是主要成分，哪些是附加的修饰成分。先把英语译文的主要构架确定下来，然后寻找适当的英语词汇，将句子的主要意思翻译出来。这样译成的英语句子，至少在结构上不致有大问题，接着再看次要成分(也就是定语、状语等修饰语)，译成英语后依照英语的习惯安放在适当的位置，这样，一个句子就译成了。 我们看看这一题: “我们应该对自己的健康承担起责任。” 分析了这个句子，我们可看出:“我们——应该承担起——责任”是句子的主体，参照英语基本句型可译成 We should take the responsibility. 。接着看剩下的部分:“对自己的健康”。根据我们学到的英语知识，知道它可译成一个介词短语 for our own health，是作状语修饰“承担起”的。按英语习惯，修饰动词的介词短语不能放在动词的前后，只能放在句后较合适。于是最后的译文就是: We should take the responsibility for our health. 我们不妨再来看一个例子: “那是去年在纽约我第一次见到这位作家。” 我们一看这句话的语气，就知道它应是一个强调句。要是不加以强调，它的主要成分译成英语该是 I met the author;“去年在纽约”是两个状语 last year 和 in New York，按英语习惯，这两个状语亦放在句前或句后;剩下的“第一次”(first)也是状语，这类状语按习惯要放在动词前。那么译成英语便是: Last year in New York I first net the author.现在要把它转换成强调句型，英语强调句型的构成是“It + be +被强调的部分 + that + 余下的部分”，那么最后译成的句子就是:It was last year in New York that I first net the author. 最后要说的是，翻译时我们最好采用最简单的结构、最常用的词语，这样可以减少误译。另外，汉译英题通常有目的地要求考生使用已学过的某个重要句型或常用词语，如上面分析的两个句子，第一个希望用上 take the responsibility 这个短语，第二个要求用强调句型。因此考生在选用词语和句型时，要尽可能利用在课文中学过的东西。 英语(二)复习系列文章之五:怎样做“英翻汉”题 英译汉题是一小段英语原文，要求译成正确、通顺的汉语。这项试题的目的是检查考生对英语书面材料的确切理解能力，这样就跟阅读理解题的要求很不一样:后者只要求考生通过浏览把握全文的意思，对某些无关宏旨的词语可以只有粗略的理解甚至忽略不顾;前者则要求考生对原文的理解及准确有完整，翻译时不能有错漏。 本题的要求是正确、通顺，但最基本的影视“正确”，切不可只根据自己熟悉的几个词*臆想拼凑意思，这样做是很不可*的。 怎样着手翻译句子呢,不要拿到题目就从第一个词译起。须知英语的句式(尤其是长句)往往同汉语很不一样，逐字翻译有可能谁也看不懂。正确的做法是先弄清句子的结构，然后结合上下文重新安排汉语的表达顺序。前面已说过，英语有五个基本句型，它们是构成英语句子的基础，再长再复杂的句子也是由这五个基本句型(或它们的变体)按一定的规则构建而成的。还要明白，这些基本句型的公式只表示了句子的主要成分，而实际的句子大都还带有一些修饰语，如定语和状语等。这些修饰可以是单词、短语或句子(如果是句子，又离不开基本句型)。 有了这样的认识，我们可以开始理解句子的意思了。对于较长、结构较复杂的句子，我们先要把它分割成一个个的意群(可以是不定式短语、分词短语、动名词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、名词短语或各种从句等)，然后确定意群和意群间的联系，这样句子的意思就可以明白了。这里我94625938.doc 第 90 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 们还应记住两点:的意，英语的每个成分，直至每个词，在句中都有它应有的位置，没有游离于 句子之外，找不到它的用途的;其次，某个单词如果属于某个意群，不能随意把它移到别的意群 里去翻译。 我们可以从《样题》(一)的英译汉部分找一个句子为例，看具体应该怎样做。该题原文第二句 是: Farm experts know that it has taken hundreds of years of breeding different varieties of corn to get the kinds we have today. 理解之初，我们可以从头看起。首先是Farm experts know，这是一个主谓结构，看起来是句子的 主句;that it has taken hundreds of years,从连词that来看，它是名词从句;是主句中谓语动词know 的宾语;of breeding different varieties of corn为介词短语，是hundreds of years的定语;to get the kinds是不定式短语，从前面的that it has taken……来看，这个不定式短语才是该句子的真正主语，it只 是形式主语;最后的we have today又是一个句子，它只能是定语从句，用来修饰the kinds。到这 里，全句的意思就清楚了，剩下的便是如何将它整理成文字了。 理解和翻译并不是一回事，几个人的理解相同，翻译成的文字风格可以不同的。作为考试解题， 建议可以直译的就直译，只要把词序调整一下，保证通顺，不致引起误解就好。如果不能直译， 可凭借各种翻译技巧，在不偏离原文意思的前提下，对句子的结构作一些变动。 大纲重点词汇复习 北京航空航天大学 胥国红 第一讲a-c, 第二讲d-h, 第三讲i-o, 第四讲p-s, 第五讲t-z 词汇复习第一讲a-c 1. 识记词汇 1. Some of the old traditions have been ____ as time goes by. [A] abandoned [B] abolished [C] absorbed [D] abused 2. You cant gain ____ to the library unless you are a member of the club. [A] acquaintance [B] acknowledgement [C] account [D] access 3. ____ by his best friend, he went to have his first job interview. [A] accumulated [B] accompanied [C] activated [D] adjusted 4. He is sure to win with ____ preparation. [A] abundant [B] accurate [C] absolute [D] adequate 5. It is ____ that the scientists have found new ways to cure the disease. [A] altered [B] admitted [C] alleged [D] allocated 6. The group leader is ____ todays tasks to everyone. [A] assessing [B] assuring [C] assigning [D] assembling 7. I really ____ your valuable advice. [A] appreciate [B] approach [C] appoint [D] approve 8. Usually new problems ____ when old ones are solved. [A] rise [B] arise [C] raise [D] arouse 94625938.doc 第 91 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 9. He failed in his ____ to stop the accident from happening. [A] association [B] attribute [C] attempt [D] awareness 10. Id like to vote on ____ of my family. [A] benefit [B] behalf [C] boast [D] border 11. We shouldnt ____ him for all the mistakes. [A] accuse [B] blame [C] charge [D] scold 12. He is brave enough to ____ any authority. [A] celebrate [B] capture [C] challenge [D] claim 13. The research group ____ of five scientists. [A] consists [B] composes [C] comprises [D] constitutes 14. But for your ____, I could not have finished this long, hard journey. [A] campaign [B] capacity [C] concern [D] company 15. He was ____ to accept this unfair condition. [A] concealed [B] complained [C] compelled [D] coincided 16. He seems ____ when reading this letter. [A] confused [B] conscious [C] considerate [D] content 17. His later actions are not ____ with the first impression he left on us. [A] consistent [B] constant [C] convenient [D] convincing 18. We found it necessary to ____ the team spirit in our students. [A] contest [B] cooperate [C] comment [D] cultivate 19. We have nothing in ____ with our neighbors. [A] common [B] comfort [C] column [D] command 20. The players are quite ____ in themselves. [A] critical [B] concerned [C] confident [D] conservative 2. 重要词组 21. He didn’t get the message; ____, he missed the meeting. [A] as a result [B] as a rule [C] as a whole [D] as usual 22. please make yourself ____ while you stay here with us. [A] at a loss [B] at ease [C] at hand [D] at random 23. You can’t succeed in your career at the ____ of your health. [A] rate [B] cost [C] sight [D] mercy 24. ____, he is by far the best football player in the world. [A] At any rate [B] At times [C] By and by [D] Beyond doubt 25. It is said that the couple has ____ for some time. [A] broken away [B] broken off [C] broken down [D] broken up 26. The political reform will ____ great changes in the government. [A] bring about [B] bring out [C] bring over [D] bring up 94625938.doc 第 92 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 27. Sorry, I took your schoolbag ____. [A] by accident [B] by mistake [C] by nature [D] by hand 28. Hearing the news, I could not help but ____. [A] cry [B] cried [C] crying [D] to cry 29. If you hurry up, you can still ____ other students. [A] catch up with [B] cope with [C] come up with [D] come to terms with 30. ____ our expectation, all the top students in our class failed the exam. [A] In addition to [B] By means of [C] Contrary to [D] As for 3(单词拼写 31(好奇心 n. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 广播，播音 v. b_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 有益的，有好处的a. b_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 预计，期望 v. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35供选择的东西，取舍n. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 抽象的 a. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 大量的，丰盛的 a. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 祝福，赐福 v. b_ _ _ _ 39 偶然的，随便的 a. c_ _ _ _ _ 40 门类，种类，范畴 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 倒塌，崩溃 v. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 比较的，相当的 a. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43. 集中，聚集 v. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44. 考虑周到的，体谅的 a. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 相符合，一致，通信 v. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 标准，准则 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47. 顾客，主顾 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 光辉灿烂的，杰出的 a. b_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 预算 n. b_ _ _ _ _ 50 自动的，无意识的 a. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ KEY: 1-20 ADBDC CABCB BCADC AADAC 21-30 ABBDD ABAAC 31 curiosity 32 broadcast 33 beneficial 34 anticipate 35 alternative 36 abstract 37 abundant 38 bless 39 casual 40 category 41 collapse 42 comparative 43 concentrate 44 considerate 45 correspond 46 criterion 47 customer 48 brilliant 49 budget 50 automatic 词汇复习第二讲d-h 1( 识记词汇 1. There is a heated ____ on the role of education throughout the country. [A] debate [B] decade [C] decay [D] decline 2. She ____ his invitation with a smile. [A] refused [B] rejected [C] declined [D] turned down 3. It needs skills to handle such a ____ relationship. 94625938.doc 第 93 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 [A] delicious [B] definite [C] desperate [D] delicate 4. Deprived ____ everything he used to had, he lived in despair. [A] with [B] of [C] in [D] over 5. He is ____ to catch up with his classmates. [B] determined [C] depressed [D] delivered [A] devoted 6. If you don’t ____ your children, they will be spoiled. [A] discipline [B] discard [C] distract [D] distribute 7. The radioactive wastes from the nuclear power plant must be ____ of. [B] thrown [C] abandoned [D] disposed [A] discarded 8. It is afraid that someday in the future computers will ____ the whole world. [A] dominate [B] donate [C] disrupt [D] discount 9. It is really ____ to encounter one’s former lover at a party. [A] earnest [B] elementary [C] embarrassing[D] efficient 10. Greater ____ has been put on the development of the west. [A] emphasis [B] excess [C] existence [D] extinction 11. Too much ____ to violence on TV will exert some bad influence on children. [A] excuse [B] exit [C] exposure [D] expense 12. Every resident can have access to the sports ____ of the community. [A] equipment [B] facilities [C] instrument [D] devices 13. The critics all speak ____ of the new play. [A] favorably [B] feasibly [C] flexibly [D] favorite 14. With the discovery of gold in the nearby mountains, this town began to ____. [A] fluctuate [B] flourish [C] foster [D] forbid 15. He blamed his failure on bad ____. [A] formation [B] foundation [C] frustration [D] fortune 16. The fans have waited out of the hotel for hours just to catch a ____ of the film star. [A] glance [B] glimpse [C] sight [D] vision 17. I’m ____ for what you have done for my family. [A] guilty [B] genuine [C] generous [D] grateful 18. Man should develop in ____with nature. [A] harmony [B] hostility [C] hazard [D] horizon 19. He never ____ to help those in trouble. [A] handle [B] hurry [C] hesitate [D] hinder 2o. people who have a healthy ____ in life tend to be happier than those who don’t. [A] habit [B] hobby [C] honesty [D] humor 21. The writer likes to ____ his own experience when writing a story. [A] draw in [B] draw on [C] draw up [D] draw out 94625938.doc 第 94 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 22. He has to learn to ____ parents’ care when he lives alone. [A] do away with [B] do with [C] do without [D] deal with 23. In winter, I don’t ____ having cold drinks. [A] feel like [B] figure out [C] drop by [D] drop out 24. You should study hard ____yourself and your family. [A] due to [B] except for [C] for the sake of [D] in favor of 25. You can keep the cup ____, but you can’t keep it for good. [A] for ever [B] for short [C] for the time being [D] for nothing 26. The language barrier may ____ to misunderstanding between different nations. [A] get hold of [B] give the better of [C] give full play to [D] give rise to 27. He can’t ____ his tears on hearing the good news. [B] get over [C] hold out [D] get through [A] hold back 28. I could have arrived on time, but I was ____ in traffic. [A] handed in [B] handed over [C] held on [D] held up 2( 单词拼写 1(谦虚的，谦卑的 a. h _ _ _ _ _ 2. 提高，加强v. h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3(和谐，融洽 n. h _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. 认真的，诚恳的a. e _ _ _ _ _ _ 5. 戏剧性的 a. d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6. 多样性 n. d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7. 差异，不一致 n. d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8. 可行的，可能的a. f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9(灵活的，柔顺的 a. f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10. 预报，预测n./v. f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11(幸运地，幸亏 adv. f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12. 供应，布置家具v. f _ _ _ _ _ _ 13(赌博 n./ v. g _ _ _ _ _ 14. 手势，姿势 n. g _ _ _ _ _ _ 15. 贪婪的a. g _ _ _ _ _ 16. 担保，保证v. g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17(危险，公害 n. h_ _ _ _ _ 18. 夸大，夸张v. e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19(展览，展览会 n. e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20. 广阔的，广泛的a. e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3( 汉译英 1( 他决心充分发挥自己的潜力已取得最理想的成绩。 2( 他宁愿不靠车生活也不愿从他的朋友那借一辆。 3( 那些能说一门外语的人比其他申请人有优势。 4( 一个人在业余时间喜欢做什么也许和他的工作无关。 5( 即使他很忙，他仍时不时地来顺便拜访一下。 Key: 1. ACDBB ADACA CBABD BDACB BCACC DAD 2.1. humble 2. heighten 3. harmony 4. earnest 5. dramatic 6. diversify 7. discrepancy 8. feasible 9. flexible 10. forecast 94625938.doc 第 95 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 11. fortunately 12. furnish 13. gamble 14. gesture 15. greedy 16. guarantee 17. hazard 18. exaggerate 19. exhibition 20.extensive 1.He is determined to give full play to his potential so as to get the ideal performance. 2. He had rather do without a car than rent one from his friend. 3. Those with the ability to speak a foreign language will have an advantage over other applicants. 4. What one does in his leisure time may have nothing to do with his job. 5. He drops by from time to time even if he is very busy. 词汇练习第三讲 i-o I. 识记词汇 1. Can we ___ your silence with approval? [A] clarify [B] justify [C] identify [D] modify 2. It is ___ that the message be delivered to everybody. [B] imperative [C] impressive [D] innocent [A] identical 3. It takes strong determination to ___ this ambitious plan. [A] impose [B] improvise [C] imply [D] implement 4. He is so absorbed in his own thoughts that he seems ___ to the outside world. [A] indifferent [B] invariable [C] initial [D] innocent 5. This book will have a great ___ on our daily life. [A] implication [B] inference [C] incident [D] impact 6. please ___ me of your recent progress. [A] impose [B] inform [C] insure [D] impress 7. Nature is an ___ system which can break down when losing one chain. [A] insistent [B] irrelevant [C] integrated [D]isolated 8. Don’t get ___ in this dangerous situations. [A] involved [B] inspired [C] inspected [D] inserted 9. The director should be ___ for what the company has done. [A] learned [B] liable [C] likely [D] literal 10. Can I take the ___ of driving you home? [A] layout [B] leisure [C] luxury [D] liberty 11. It takes me much money to ___ the old house. [A] maintain [B] master [C] mention [D] magnify 12. She is easily attracted by ___ men. [A] mutual [B] massive [C] mature [D] moderate 13. only a ___ of people are in favor of the reform so it is rejected. [A] majority [B] minority [C] maximum [D] minimum 94625938.doc 第 96 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 14. parents should ___ what programs their children are watching. [A] modify [B] monopolize [C] monitor [D] mount 15. Being a highly ___ language learner, he takes every opportunity to improve his English. [A] motivate [B] motivating [C] motivated [D] is motivated 16. The sun and the stars can all be used for ___. [A] necessity [B] neglect [C] negotiation [D] navigation 17. Hard as it was, he managed to stay ___ in the dispute. [A] negative [B] neutral [C] obscure [D] optimal 18. paying taxes is one of the ___ of every citizen. [A] obstacles [B] objectives [C] occasions [D] obligations 19. Standing ___ to the river is an old oak tree. [A] optional [B] original [C] opposite [D] outstanding 20. The book is about how the empire was ___. [A] outgrew [B] overlooked [C] overtaken [D] overturned 21. The project was done mysteriously; ___, few knew the truth of it. [A] in addition [B] in consequence [C] in contrast [D] in effect 22. The reform was carried out ___ the established policy of the party. [A] in spite of [B] in charge of [C] in light of [D] in proportion to 23. He declined the nomination ___ he didn’t feel liking becoming a public figure. [A] in that [B] now that [C] not that [D] but that 24. He has never been abroad, ___ stay in America for one year. [A] in particular [B] let alone [C] needless to say [D] on the contrary 25. You can’t find any book in his room ___ science fictions. [A] other than [B] instead of [C] in terms of [D] on account of 26. His mother becomes disappointed whenever he fails to ___ her expectation. [A] make use of [B] let go of [C] live up to [D] keep up with 27. I really ___ meeting you at the conference. [A] look forward to [B] look down on [C] make up for [D] make way for 28. ___ had I taken my seat than the film began. [A] No sooner [B] No matter [C] No longer [D] Not only 29. He is not so much clever ___ diligent. [A] as [B] than [C] that [D] except 30. We’ve been ___ since we graduated from high school. [A] out of date [B] out of power [C] out of sight [D] out of touch II. 单词拼写 1. 同一的，相等的 a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.无知的，愚昧的 a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3. 移民的，侨民的 a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. 最初的，词首的 a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ 94625938.doc 第 97 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 5. 使结合，使成一体 v. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6. 打断，中止 v. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7. 不变地 adv. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8. 旅行，行程 n. j_ _ _ _ _ _ 9. 发射，发动 v. l_ _ _ _ _ 10. 立法 v. l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11. 奢侈 n. l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12. 壮丽的，宏伟的 a. m_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13. 手的，体力的 a. m_ _ _ _ _ 14. 机构，机制 n. m_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15. 奇迹 n. m_ _ _ _ _ _ 16. 多样的，复合的 a. m_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17. 中立的，中性的 a. n_ _ _ _ _ _ 18. 子女;后代 n o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19. 压倒之势的 a. o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20. 装饰，点缀 v. o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. 汉译英 1) 在某种意义上，你的成就和你的努力成正比。 2) 从长远来看，这些教育节目对儿童的成长具有积极的意义。 3) 无论她失败多少次，她绝不轻易放弃。 4) 务必确保这些设施得到充分的利用。 5) 他的成功一部分是因为他的努力，一部分是因为运气好。 Key: CBDAD BCABD ACBCC DBDCD BCABA CAAAD 1. identical 2.ignorant 3. immigrant 4.initial 5. integrate 6. interrupt 7. invariably 8. journey 9.launch 10. legislate 11.luxury 12. magnificent 13. manual 14. mechanism 15. miracle 16. multiple 17. neutral 18. offspring 19. overwhelming 20. ornament 1. Your achievements are, in a sense, in proportion to your efforts. 2. In the long run, these educational programs are of positive significance to children’s growth. 3. No matter how many times she has failed, she will never give up. 4. Make sure these facilities are made full use of. 5. His success is, in part, due to his hard work, and in part, due to his good luck. 词汇复习第四讲p-s 1. 识记词汇 1. It is a ___ to say that the rich man is very poor. [A] passion [B] paradox [C] pledge [D] proposal 2. The sound is so powerful that it can ___ the thick wall. [A] penetrate [B] pardon [C] perceive [D] persuade 3. owing to the bad weather, the tennis match was ___. [A] participated [B] polished [C] portrayed [D] postponed 4. There has been no ___ in this law case. [A] precedent [B] preference [C] priority [D] proceeding 5. This theory began to ___ since 1960s. 94625938.doc 第 98 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 [A] prevail [B] proceed [C] prohibit [D] promote 6. The new reform plan has aroused severe ___ from the workers. [A] proportion [B] prospect [C] proposal [D] protest 7. He can’t make a ___ decision when he is angry. [B] random [C] rational [D] principal [A] punctual 8. It is highly recommended that a new team ___ immediately to finish the task. [A] should be formed [B] must be formed [C] is formed [D] formed 9. He felt ___ when knowing that his son was sound and safe. [A] relaxed [B] relieved [C] reluctant [D] remedied 10. She ___ her mother so much that she is often mistaken for her mother. [A] rescues [B] represents [C] resembles [D] resists 11. They cancelled the meeting for the sake of ___. [A] security [B] sacrifice [C] schedule [D] sensitivity 12. If you often fail in a ___ test, how can you expect to win in a real test? [A] satisfied [B] salient [C] significant [D] simulated 13. They mentioned their plan to get married this summer, but they didn’t ___ the time. [A] speculate [B] specify [C] sponsor [D] squeeze 14. The second design is obviously ___ to the first one. [A] superficial [B] subtle [C] subjective [D] superior 15. He has been ___ from one job to another in the past three years. [A] switching [B] suspecting [C] sustaining [D] surviving 16. Chinese sailors are said to have visited America ___ Columbus. [A] prior to [B] provided that [C] rather than [D] regardless of 17. please ___ it that everything is well arranged while I am away. [A] see to [B] set about [C] set aside [D] stick to 18. You have promised to ___ the plan as it is, so you shouldn’t change it. [A] stand for [B] stand out [C] stick to [D] sum up 2. 单词拼写 1(自发的，本能的 a. s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. 掩蔽，保护处 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ 3. 增援，加强v. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. 关联，中肯 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5. 不情愿的 a. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6. 登记，注册v. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7. 熟练，精通n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8. 保护v. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9. 初步的a. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10. 思索，投机v. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11. 名声，名誉n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12. 各自地adv. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13. 肤浅的，表面的a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14. 总结，归纳v. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15. 症状n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ 16. 同情n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94625938.doc 第 99 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 17. 例行的事务n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ 18. 辫子，队n. q_ _ _ _ 19. 辨认，认出v. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20. 随意的a(r_ _ _ _ _ ,(汉译英 ,( 他在促进两国友谊方面起着重要的作用( ,( 就我所知，这位女士是第一位区分这两种现象的人( ,( 任何人，无论她的种族和肤色，都有权收到良好的教育( 诸如心理学家这样的科学家需要精通理论( ,( ,( 这个小学生对这本书如此的着迷以至于忘记了吃饭( Key: BADAA DCABC ADBDA AAC 1(spontaneous 2. shelter 3. reinforce 4. relevance 5. reluctant 6. register 7. proficiency 8. preserve 9. preliminary 10. speculate 11. reputation 12. respectively 13. superficial 14. summarize 15. symptom 16. sympathy 17. routine 18. queue 19. recognize 20. random 1. He plays an important role/ part in promoting friendship between the two countries. 2. So/ As far as I know, this lady is the first one to distinguish between the two phenomena. 3. Anybody, regardless of his or her race or skin color, is entitled to a good education. 4. Such scientists as psychologists need to have a theoretical proficiency. 5. The pupil was so absorbed in the book as to forget the dinner. 词汇练习第五讲 t-z I. 识记词汇 1. Such ___ things as trees, books, and tables are easier for children to learn than those abstract concepts. [A] tangible [B] temporary [C] tentative [D] toxic 2. His self-esteem was under the ___ of being destroyed when he failed again and again. [A] transaction [B] thrust [C] threat [D] territory 3. He has learned to ___ his wife’s weak points. [A] transmit [B] transform [C] transfer [D] tolerate 4. It is demanded that the government policy should be made more ___. [A] transparent [B] tough [C] tropical [D] tricky 5. There has always been a ____ for new comers to feel difficult in this career. [A] twist [B] trend [C] trial [D] trade-off 6.He promised to ___ what was given him under any circumstances. [A] underlie [B] undergo [C] undermine [D] undertake 94625938.doc 第 100 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 7. His failure resulted from his ___ confidence in his own ability. [A] universal [B] ultimate [C] undue [D] uniform 8. It is urgent that the message ___ to everybody concerned. [A] is sent [B] be sent [C] sent [D] must be sent 9. The document won’t be ___ until the president signed it. [A] valid [B] vacant [C] vague [D] variable 10. The news report has not been ___ by the government official. [A] clarified [B] specified [C] justified [D] verified 11. Women and children tend to be ___ to such attacks. [A] voluntary [B] vulnerable [C] vertical [D] virtual 12. This project is considered by experts as not ___ of money and time. [A] worth [B] worthwhile [C] worthy [D] worthless 13. The little boy ___ watching his mother preparing dinner. [A] take advantage of [B] take care of [C] take delight in [D] take charge of 14. She didn’t want to ___ to explain her behavior to her husband. [A] take into account [B] take to [C] take up [D] take the trouble to 15. Exercises done ___ may be harmful to your health. [A] to excess [B] to no avail [C] to advantage [D] to the fore 16. ___he didn’t get our message? [A] What if [B] What about [C] What [D] Whether II. 单词拼写 1. 撤回,收回 v. w_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. 枯萎，凋谢 v. w _ _ _ _ _ 3. 冒险，大胆v. v _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. 受害者n. v_ _ _ _ _ 5. 未被占用的 a. v_ _ _ _ _ 6. 不幸的，倒霉的a. u_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7. 颤抖，摇晃v. t_ _ _ _ _ _ 8. 威胁，恐吓v. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9. 脾气，情绪n. t_ _ _ _ _ 10. 暂时的a. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ III. 汉译英 1. 他理所当然认为他的生意很重要。 2. 他一拆开表他就后悔了。 3. 技师熟练到不用看就能做他的工作。 4. 家庭妇女宁肯用手也不愿用洗衣机洗衣服。 5. 他们所追求的最后被证明是幻梦一场。 KEY: ACDAB DCBAD BCCAA 94625938.doc 第 101 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 1.withdraw 2. wither 3. venture 4. victim 5. vacant 6. unfortunate 7. tremble 8. threaten 9. temper 10. temporary 1(He took for granted that his business was of great importance. 2(The moment/instant he took apart the watch, he regretted. 3(The technician is familiar with the job to the degree that he can do it with his eyes closed. 4(The housewife would rather wash the clothes by hand than use the washing machine. 5(What they are pursuing turned out to be an illusion. 重点语法讲义及练习 主讲人:胥国红 北京航空航天大学 1. 动词的时态和语态 1(1 动词的时态和语态一览表 时态语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 主动被动 doare done didwere done will dowill be done 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 主动被动 are doingare being done were doingwere being done will be doing 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 主动 被动 have donehave been done had donehad been done will have donewill have been done 现在完成进行时 主动 被动 have been doing 1.2 动词主要时态的意义及运用 1) 现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时 英语提示语:up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995 汉语提示语:已经，早已，了 e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year. By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task. 2) 现在完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。 汉语提示语:一直 e.g. The water has been running the whole night. 3) 过去完成时 a) said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。 94625938.doc 第 102 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. b) hardly„when, no sooner„ than e.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call. c) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中 e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 历年考题中的动词时态和语态 1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived. 2. In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream. 3. Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed. 4. ___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat. 5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302. 6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should. 7. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years. 8. The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there. 9. The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. 10. All the worries they might have felt for him ___ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face. Key: 1. comes 一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数 2. has expanded 现在完成时 3. has been 现在完成时 4. Standing 过去进行时的倒装形式 5. began 一般过去时 6. makes 一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语用单数 7. has been living 现在完成进行时 8. had been sent 过去完成时的被动形式 9. witnessed 一般过去时 10. were driven 一般过去时的被动 2. 非谓语动词 2.1 动词主要时态和语态一览表 非谓语动词 形式 意义 94625938.doc 第 103 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 现在分词 一 般 式 Doing 主动, 正在进行 被 动 式 being done 被动, 正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动, 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动, 已经完成 过去分词 Done 被动, 已经完成 动词不定式 一 般 式 To do 主动,将要进行 动 式 To be done 被动, 将要进行 被 完成主动式 To have done 主动, 已经完成 进行主动式 To be doing 主动, 正在进行 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语 •动词不定式:1)目的状语;2)结果状语 e.g. I came here to meet you. (目的) He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. (结果) •分词:1) 伴随状语;2)原因状语;3)条件状语 4)让步状语;5)时间状语 e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend. (时间) Being very tired, my father didn’t go out with us. (原因) Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive. (原因) Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (条件) 2.3 非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构 1) Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分词作状语) 2) After having done their homework, the children began to play. (连词+分词) 3) After they had done their homework, the children began to play. (状语从句) 4) With homework done, the children began to play. (独立结构) 2.4 非谓语动词作定语 1) If there is no choice, there is no decision ___ (make). (to be made) 2) Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing) 3) The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed) 4) The bridge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built) 2.5 动名词和动词不定式 • 作主语和表语 动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况;动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。 e.g Rising early is good for health. To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me. 94625938.doc 第 104 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow. My biggest wish is to go abroad. Seeing is believing. • 作宾语 接动名词作宾语的动词: admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, finish, include, involve, mind, put off, postpone, suggest, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be accustomed to, etc. 接动词不定式作宾语的动词: want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to, seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin 接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词: 1) forget, remember, regret 2) stop, continue 3) need/ want 4) allow doing/ allow sb to do (1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time? Sorry, I forgot to lock the door. (2) I can’t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand? (3) The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut. (4) We don’t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here. 历年考题中的非谓语动词 1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance. 2. Anyone ___(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. 3. It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes ___ (control) his direction. 4. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals ___ (use) in experiments may decrease. 5. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things ___ (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms. 6. This poem, if ___ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense. 7. They may have their passports _____ (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. 8. Her body, with hands and feet ____ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the 94625938.doc 第 105 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 morning. 9. I couldn’t help but ___ (feel) this is a very strange life. 10. Let us consider the earth as a planet ____ (revolve) round the sun. Key: 1. doing 动名词做enjoy的宾语 2. wanting 现在分词作定语 动词不定式作目的状语 3. to control 4. used 过去分词作定语 5. being 现在分词用在独立结构中 6. translated 连词加过去分词作状语 7. removed 过去分词作宾补 8. bound 过去分词用在独立结构中 9. feel couldn’t help but 后接动词原形 10. revolving 现在分词作定语 3. 虚拟语气 第一大类:非真实条件下的虚拟语气 时间 从句 主句 与现在事实相反 did/ were should/could/would + do 与过去事实相反 had done should/could/would + have done 与将来事实相反 were to doshould do should/could/would + do e.g. If I were you, I would be happy to do it. If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier. If the job were to succeed, you should work harder. 第二大类:从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气 1) would rather + 从句 2) wish + 从句 3) if only + 从句 4) as if/ as though + 从句 5) It’s time + 从句 e.g. I would rather you didn’t tell me the story now. I would rather you had told me the story yesterday. 第三大类:从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。 1) suggest, propose, advise, move(动议), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等动词后接的宾语从句; 2) suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference 94625938.doc 第 106 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 等名词后的同位语从句; 3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形 容词用在it is „ that„句型中; 4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引导的从句中。 e.g. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off. It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off. He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting. 历年考题中的虚拟语气 1. If it hadn’t been for your help, we ___ (be) in real trouble. He would have given you more help, if he ___ (not be) so busy. 3. It is high time that we ___ (take) firm measures to protect our environment. 4. It was imperative that students ___ (finish) their papers before July 1st. 5. They demanded that the right to vote ___ (give) to every adult person.There was a mistake on my paycheck. I _____(receive) $10 more.I would rather he ____ ( buy) the house next year. The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we ___ (meet) them before. 9. Should she come tomorrow, I ___ take her to the museum. [A] can [B] will [C] would [D] must 10. If we ___ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow. [A] hadn’t got [B] didn’t get [C] wouldn’t have got [D] wouldn’t get Key: 1. would have been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句 2. had not been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句 3. took It is high time +过去式的虚拟形式 4. should finish/finish It was imperative that+动词原形的虚拟形式 5. be given demand所接宾语从句用动词原形的虚拟形式 6. should have received 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句，表示“本应该收到”而实际上没 有。 7. bought would rather后接宾语从句，从句用过去式表示虚拟语气。 8. had met as if 所引导的从句用过去完成式表示虚拟语气。 9. C 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的主句。 10. A 从句与现在事实相反，但本身已经是现在完成时(从by now可以看出)，所以变为过去完 成时。 94625938.doc 第 107 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 4. 定语从句和名词性从句 4.1 定语从句:限制性和非限制性定语从句 引导定语从句 1)关系代词(在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语):which, that, who, whom, whose 2)关系副词(在定语从句中作状语):when, where, why, how 名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 引导名词性从句: 1)主从连词(不在从句中作任何成分):that, whether, if 2) 连接代词(在从句中作主语、宾语、表语):what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever„ 3)连接副词(在从句中作状语):when, where, why, how 4.2 定语从句和同位语从句的区别 定语从句对名词进行修饰限制，而同位语从句阐述的是名词的具体内容。从语法上看，that, which 在定语从句中做主语或宾语，而同位语的引导词that不在从句中担任任何成分。 e.g. 1) The story (that) he told me may not be true. 定语从句 2) The story that he has made a fortune may not be true. 同位语从句 4.3 什么时候用介词，which 的形式? 如果定语从句缺主语或宾语，用that/ which 形式。如果定语从句缺状语，用介词+which形式。 e.g. 1) The place which I visited last week is very beautiful. 2) The place in which I used to live is very beautiful. 4.4 which 和 as 引导非限制性定语从句 which 和 as 都能引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个一句话。As有“正如”的意思，而which没 有。 1) He is easy to get angry, which is well known. 他很容易生气，这一点大家都知道。 2) He is easy to get angry, as everybody knows. 正如大家都知道的那样，他很容易生气。 历年考题中的定语从句和名词性从句 1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression. [A] that [B] which [C] in which [D] in that 2. It is a well-known fact ___ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction. [A] that [B] if [C] when [D] whether 3. on the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order ____ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity 94625938.doc 第 108 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 prices. [A] which [B] what [C] that [D] in that 4. It is not yet known ____ computers will one day have vision as good as human vision. [A] whether [B] if [C] that [D] how 5. Such attitudes amount to a belief ___ leisure can and should be put to good use. [A] which [B] if [C] whether [D] that 6. The reason for making a decision is ___ a problem exists, goals are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. [B] because [C] where [D] that [A] why 7. ___ developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression. [A] What [B] Whether [C] That [D] Which 8. Very few people understood this contract, ___ was very obscure. [A] the language [B] the language of which [C] all it said [D] which it had said 9. often music was played out of doors, ___ nature provided the environment. [A] which [B] that [C] in which [D] where 10. Many of us visited the industrial exhibition, ____, to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech products. [A] where [B] which [C] as [D] that Key: 1. A that 引导宾语从句 2. A that 引导同位语从句 3. C that 引导同位语从句 4. A it为形式主语，whether引导真正的主语从句 5. D that 引导同位语从句 6. D that 引导表语从句 7. A what 引导主语从句，并在主语从句中做主语 8. B the language of which引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中做主语 9. D where引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语 10. A where引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语 结束语: 掌握语法题的要诀在于1)牢记上述表格;2)分清楚题目属于哪种具体情况;3)熟练套用正确 形式;4)最后再检查一下是否应作必要的改动:如是否被动，三人称动词后加s，动词的不规则 变化等。在理解上述表格的适用条件后，再通过大量作题来巩固，及时纠正出现的错误，我们一 定能攻克语法难题，在语法部分得到一个理想的分数～ 94625938.doc 第 109 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 ____„., „.. leave me _worrying__ (worry) Leave the book _damaged__ (damage) Enable me to solve the problem . Enable the problem to be solved I would rather not go with you. I would rather I didn’t go with you. It’s time it _was done_ (do) immediately. It’s time to do it immediately. He acted as if the book had been written (write) by him. Command, demand The order which/that is given by my boss is hard to carry out. The order that the task should be finished (finish) today is hard to carry out. 1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression. A. that B. which C. in which D. in that 2. ____ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why don’t you take a bus to town? A. In spite of B. Rather than C. In place of D. other than He hasn’t read one book _other than__ novels. He has read no book other than novels. 3. In his composition there were no other errors ___ a few misspelled words. A. except B. besides C. than D. beside 4. In deciding ___ a course of action, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters. A. how to pursue B. whether to pursue C. how pursuing D. whether pursuing 5. The kids are ___ be hungry when they get home—they always are. A. obliged to B. bound to C. desired to D. motivated to 6. It is said the conference is ____ (hold) in this hall next month. Is to be held 7. Little did they realize that they had made_ (make) an important discovery in science. 8. A life lived (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed. 9. They proposed that the chance (that is available to them) be explained____ (explain) in detail. 10. (They are afraid that) everything well prepared (prepare), they may still lose the 94625938.doc 第 110 页 共 111 页 英 语 ,二， 复 习 资 料 game. 11. While compelled (compel) to make the decision in a hurry, he made the right choice. 12. He is said/known/reported to have made (make) a lot of money before he was thirty years old. He is said to take the job next week. He is said to have taken the job last week. I find him to have made a lot of money„ He is found to have made„ He said he had made 13. He would like to buy a used_ (use) car instead of a new one. 14. Having been deprived of all his money, he had to find a job to support himself. 15. How can you explain the phenomenon that occurs (occur) again and again in our daily life? 94625938.doc 第 111 页 共 111 页