北京地区专升本英语辅导

第一章  动词时态 1. 一般现在时： 在时间、条件状语从句中示将来的动作用一般现在时：常用的连词有as soon as, when，till, if等。 e.g.    When he comes back, he will go and see his cousin in hospital. If it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will be put off. The porter will wait till the train arrives. 2. 一般过去时： used to do sth.    be used to doing sth. be used for e.g.    The architect used to take the dog for a walk after supper when he lived here. Now he is used to browsing the newspapers in the evening.         The pan is used for cooking. 3. 一般将来时： 表示将来的动作或状态。   a) will (shall) +原形动词： e.g.     Peter will take robotics next semester. b) 某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go ,come, start, arrive, leave等的现在进行时可表示将来。 e.g.    The police are leaving for Brasilia tomorrow. The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight by air.       Are you going to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon? c) be to +动词原形： 表示安排或计划好了的动作。   e.g.    The new road to the museum is to be open to traffic before National Day.  d) be about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。   e.g.    The lecture is about to begin. 4. 过去将来时： 表示在过去预计将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。   e.g.    The freshmen wanted to know when the sports meet would start.  5. 现在进行时： 表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作。现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。 e.g.    My nephew is having an English class in Beijing Normal University. The workers are building a museum near the stadium.  Gymnasium 6. 过去进行时： a) 表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断。 e.g.    The sailor was reading a French novel from seven to nine last night.    b) when 和while 的用法 e.g.    While John was eating, my brother-in-law walked to him and asked him to lend him $100. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building c) 表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。 e.g.    The president was leaving early the next morning.　 7. 现在完成时： a) 表示动作刚刚结束（常和just, already, yet等词连用）；或表示动作的结果（一般不用时间状语）。   e.g.    Jefferson has just turned off the light.、    　    b) 表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去（常用since引导的短语或从句，或由for 引导的短语连用）。 　  e.g.    The astronaut has been engaged in the research for 30 years.         They’ve known each other since childhood.   c) 非延续性动词的完成时和it is +时间+since…..（过去时）     英语中有些动词不能延续， 因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。 　  e.g.    It is (has been) an hour since the delegation arrived here. It is 3 years since the diver left Shanghai. d) have (has) been to 和have (has) gone to 的区别 　have (has) been to:去过某地（表示某人的一种经历），可以和once, twice, often, never, ever连用。 　have (has) gone to: e.g.    The novelist has gone to the Yellowstone National Park. The novelist has been to the Yellowstone National Park twice. 非延续性动词的用法说明： come e.g.    He came here last week. He has come here.                    be here e.g.    He has been here for ten months since last year. arrive: be here    die e.g.    The professor died last year.  The professor has died. be dead e.g.    The professor has been dead for one year.    join e.g.    Robert joined the army in 2005. Robert has joined the army. be in the army e.g.    Robert has been in the army for two years. Robert has been in the army since 2005. It’s (has been) two years since he joined the army. buy e.g.    Bob bought the dictionary in May. Bob has bought the dictionary. get, have  e.g.    Bob has had the dictionary for four months. go e.g.    The delegation has gone to Japan. The delegation has been to Japan. be there, be here e.g.    The delegation has been in Japan for three years.  8. 过去完成时 a) 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。 e.g.    By the end of last year, the chemist had worked here for five years. b) 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。 e.g.    The meeting had been on for two hours when we arrived there. c) 在含有as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。 e.g.    I called him as soon as I got ticket of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. d) 过去完成时常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely, rarely …when…，“一…就…”句型之中，句子倒装。 e.g.    Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.　 9. 将来完成时： 表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。 　    e.g.    By the time the next train arrives, the governor will have left. 　    e.g.    The scientist will have finished writing the article by the time you get back. 10. 现在完成进行时： 表示从过去某时刻一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束， 但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。   e.g.    The Rices have been waiting on the platform for ten minutes now without seeing her. 历年真： 1. No sooner had she entered the house ______ the telephone rang. A. when                B. than                C. as              D. while 2. By next year he ______ in New York for five years.            A. has worked          B. has been working      C. works            D. will have worked 3．By the time you arrive this evening, ______ for two hours.          A. I will study                            B. I will have been studied  C. I had studied                            D. I will have been studying 4. Since he left the university, he ______ in a travel agency.                A. has been working                          B. had worked       C. had been working                          D. was working 5. Mrs. White became a teacher in 1985. She ______ for twenty years by next summer. A. will teach                                B. would have taught C. has been teaching                        D. will have been teaching               6. In another year or so, you _____ all about it. A. forget                                  B. would forget      C. have forgotten                            D. will have forgotten         练习： 1. In this experiment, they were wakened several times during the night and asked to report what they ______. A. had just been dreaming                    B. have just been dreaming    C. are just dreaming                          D. had just dream 2. Not until the game had began ______ at the sports ground.    A. had he arrived                            B. would he have arrived  C. did he arrive                              D. should he have arrived 3. Until then, his family ______ from him for six months.        A. didn’t hear            B. hasn’t been hearing     C. hasn’t heard      D. hadn’t heard 4. The conference ______ a full week by the time it ends.          A. must have lasted      B. will have lasted      C. would last        D. has lasted 5. By the end of this month, we surely ______ a satisfactory solution to the problem.    A. have found        B. will be finding        C. will have found    D. are finding 6. If you smoke in a non-smoking section, people ______.    A. have objected        B. objected            C. must object        D. will object 7. Pick me up at 8 o’clock. I ______ my bath by then.    A. will have had        B. will be having          C. can have had      D. my have 8. It seems oil ______ from this pipe for some time.  We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.  A. had leaked        B. is leaking            C. leaked        D. has been leaking 9. The Browns ______ here, but not any more.    A. were used to living     B. had lived            C. used to live      D. had been living 10. Bob’s leg got hurt ______ the Purple Mountains.        A. While he is climbing up                      B. while we climbed up C. while he climbed up                        D. while we were climbing up 11. Orlando, a city in Florida, ______ for its main attraction, Magic Kingdom.    A. which is well known    B. well known            C. is well-known    D. being well known 12. We ______ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.    A. just have had        B. have just had        C. just had        D. had just had 13. They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ______ their exams. 　    A. have finished　      B. finish              C. finished      D. was finishing  14. Joe fell and hurt himself while he ______ tennis. 　    A. was playing         B. am playing         C. play             D. played 15. One of the guards ______ when the general came in, which made him very angry. 　    A. has slept             B. were sleeping         C. slept             D. was sleeping 16. He has ______ the army for ten years and is now an officer. 　    A. gone into          B. joined in          C. been in      D. come into 17.  The chemistry class ______ for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been on      B. was on          C. has been on　    D. would be on  18. No sooner had we sat down ______ we found it was time to go.   A. than              B. when              C. as          D. while  19. By the end of last month, the workers ______ 20,000 trees in the science and technology park. A. had planted          B.have planted          C. planted        D. having been plant    20. By the end of next month, the workers ______ two parking lots in this area. A. had built          B.have build          C. have built        D. will have built      21. No sooner had the boss left the company than ______.    A. it began rain                             B. it began to raining     C. it began to rain                          D. the weather began to rain 22. Hardly had he finished his speech ______ the audience started cheering.  A. than                B.when                C.while            D. then 23. No sooner had Susan entered the flat ______ the doctor knocked at the door.  A. when                B. than              C. as              D. while 24. By the time John gets home, his aunt ______. 　    A. will have          B. leaves          C. will have left 　    D. is leaving  Translation： 1. 昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。 2. 天文学家们正在北京开会。 3. 约翰过去常在河里游泳。 他现在习惯于住在巴黎的郊区。 4. 到今年年底，比尔在这个石油公司工作五年了。 5. 这个城市的三环路将在国庆节前通车。 6. 讲座马上就要开始了。 7. 我们大学的校长明天动身去纽约。 8. 外宾今晚到达济南。 9. 他说他想知道会议何时开始。 10. 除了苏珊外，我们班所有的同学都去过迪斯尼乐园了。 除了苏珊外，我们班还有许多同学去过迪斯尼乐园了。 11. 我表妹一到澳门就给我发email。 12. 外出度假的风俗习惯是最近30年形成的。 答案： 历年真题：1-5 BDDAD  6 D 练习：1-5 ACDBC  6-10 DADCD  11-15 CDBAD  16-20 CAAAD  21-24 CBBC 翻译： 1. He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night 2. The astronomers are attending a conference in Beijing. 3. John used to swim in the river. He is used to living in the suburb of Paris. 4. By the end of this year, Bill will have worked in this oil company for 5 years. 5. The Third-Ring Road of this city is to be open to traffic before the Teachers’ Day.　 6. The lecture is about to begin. 7. The president of our university is leaving for Greece tomorrow. 8. The agents are arriving in Hong Kong tonight. 9. He said he wanted to know when the conferenc would start. 10. All of our classmates have been to the Disneyland except Susan.    Many of our classmates have been to the Disneyland besides Susan. 11. My cousin emailed me as soon as she arrived at Macao.    12. The custom of going away for one's holiday has grown up during the last thirty years. 第二章  被动语态 be done  vt. e.g.    The new products are made in this factory. The new products were made in this factory. The new products have been made in this factory. The new products had been made in this factory. The new products are being made in this factory. The new products were being made in this factory. The new products will be made in this factory. The new products would be made in this factory. 特殊例句： 1. 含有直接宾语和间接宾语的句子 He gave me a book.        I was given a book. 或  A book was given to me. 2. 短语动词的被动语态 由动词+副词、动词+介词或动词+副词+介词构成的短语动词也可以构成被动结构，但要把它们看作整体，副词或介词通常不能与动词分开或省略。 e.g.     The poor child was laughed at by his classmates because he failed the exam.      The meeting has been put off.    The children are well looked after in our kindergarten. The doctor has been sent for. 3. 情态动词的被动语态   构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。 e.g.     The new products can be made in this factory.   The work must be finished before lunch.  Nothing can be seen from here. 4. 用主动表示被动 常用的及物动词有：want, need, require（此句型主语大多为物） e.g.     The door needs painting.  The door needs to be painted. 历年真题： 1. Pierre often makes himself ______ by gesturing with his hands.          A. to understand                          B. understanding  C. to be understood                            D. understood 2. He ______ when the bus came to a sudden stop.              A. was almost hurt                            B. was almost to hurt himself     C. was almost hurt himself                    D. was almost hurting himself    3. The goods ______ when we arrived at the airport.                      A. were just unloading                      B. were just been unloading       C. had just unloaded                        D. were just being unloaded 4. To succeed in a scientific experiment, ______.  A. one needs being patient person             B. patience is to need C. one needs to be patient                     D. patience is what needed        5. ______, a form must be filled in.        A. If you want to get this job                  B. In order to get this job       C. Making request for this job                D. To ask for this job 6. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered          B. has offered          C. are offered      D. have offered             练习： 1. A great deal of research ______ into the possible causes of cancer in recent years.    A. has been done         B. have been done         C. have doing     D. have done 2. Much of London ______ by fire in the seventeenth century.  A. be destroyed                              B. were destroyed        C. being destroyed                              D. was destroyed 3. Three hundred houses ______ by the end of next year. A. will have been built                        B .will be build C. will have been build                        D. will have built 4. She was told that the examination ______ on next Friday.  A. will be give                                B. would be given      C. would have been given                      D. will given 5. I’ll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ______if we leave it here.  A. will be fined          B. will fined            C. will be fine      D. will being fined 6. The goods ______ when we arrived at the airport.  A. have unloaded                            B. had just unloaded C. have been unloaded                      D. had just been unloaded 7. John will have to go to work by bus as his car ______.  A. being repaired                            B．be being repaired  C. is being repaired                            D. is repaired 8. English ______ in many countries of the world.  A. be spoken          B. is spoke             C. is being spoken    D. is spoken 9. This matter ______ seriously.  A. has never been considered                 B. has never been consider C. has never been considering                  D. having never consider 10. More experts ______ to assist in the work next week.  A. will be send          B. will sent          C.will be sent     D.will being sent 11. These assignments ______ independently.      A. must be finish                            B. must be finished  C. must being finished                         D. must be finishes 12. When the power station ______, thousands of people took part in the work. A. is being constructed                      B.was being constructed      C. is constructed                          D. was constructed 13. I think much attention ______ to your pronunciation.      A. must be paid         B. must paying         C. must pay      D. must paid 14. The policeman warned us that the old bridge ______ away by the floods but he said that a temporary one ______ soon.          A. had been sweept, would be built             B. has been swept, would be built C. had been swept, would be build             D.had been swept, would be built 15. If one ______ by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance. A. is overcomed          B. is overcome          C. is overcame      D. being overcome 16. My room is in a mess. It needs ______.    A. to be tidying up　    B. tidying up          C. to tidy up      D. tidied up　　 Translation： 1. 我们请人把机器修好了。 2. 人们已要求牧师请人把这棵树砍掉,但到现在他一直拒绝接受这个要求。 3. 上个月教练要求我们每天爬山。 4. 这家公司每年生产各种各样的玩具，其中大部分销往海外。 5. 货物必须九月底以前装运。 6. 电视广告通常一遍又一遍地重复播放。 7. 这位心理学家使用了一种特殊的仪器来研究短时记忆。 8. 有人建议他练习说英语。 9. 孩子们在幼儿园受到保育员很好的照顾。 10. 这个博物馆是由福特博士在1998年从哈佛大学毕业后的。 答案： 历年真题：1-5 DADCA  6 A 练习：1-5 ADABA  6-10 DCDAC  11-15 BBADB  16 B    翻译： 1. We have had the machine repaired. 2. The priest has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused to accept the requirement. 3. Last month, we were made to go climbing every day by our coach / our coach made us go climbing every day. 4. All kinds of toys are produced / made in this factory every year and many of them are sold abroad. 5. The goods must be shipped before the end of September. 6. Television ads are usually repeated over and over again. 7. A special appa’ratus was used by the psychologist to study short-term memory. 8. He was advised to practise speaking English. 9. The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten by the nurses. 10. The museum was designed by Dr. Ford after his graduation from Harward in 1998. 第三章  非谓语动词 非谓语动词分三种，即：不定式，动名词和分词。下面分三部分进行介绍。 I. 动词不定式： 在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、补足语、状语和定语。 1. 动词不定式作主语 e.g.    To talk with him is a waste of time.    It is a great pleasure to talk with him. To swim across the river is very dangerous for a young boy like him. 2. 动词不定式作表语 e.g.    Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks. My job is to raise the pigs this afternoon My job is raising pigs What we should do next is to discuss the problem. 3. 动词不定式作宾语 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有decide, fail, know, plan, promise, refuse, want,wish, e.g.    The athlete has decided to get the work done ahead of schedule. The mechanic promised not to tell anyone about it. The clerk told me that he wanted to study computer science abroad the next year. 4. 动词不定式作宾补 三个使役动词have, let,make，五个感官动词feel, hear, notice, see, watch,和help。 e.g.    Your mother won't let you play basketball after lunch.    Jack would have me wait for him at the gate of the park. The professor heard the students read the text loudly in the classroom before class and then he praised them in class. The students were heard to read the text loudly in the classroom by the professor before class and then he praised them in class. The little boy is fat and his father makes him run on the playground every morning. The little boy is made to run on the playground every morning. 5. 动词不定式作状语 e.g.    To get the ticket, the football fans got up very early and went to cinema by taxi.  The dentist hurried to the post office only to find that she had forgotten to bring the letter.  To earn more money for his family, Robert sells newspapers in his spare time.    I am pleased to receive your letter of May 21st .    Jim is too short to reach the largest apple in the tree.  6. 动词不定式作定语 e.g.    Bob has a word to say. Bob has a few clothes to wash He is always the first one to get up. The idea to have the capital moved的 inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazil. 7. 动词不定式的被动式 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的对象时（或动作的承受者时），不定式一般要用被动式。 e.g.    It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. To be asked to speak here is an honor for me. 8. 动词不定式的复合结构   如需指出不定式动作的发出者时（即逻辑主语时）要在不定式前用for加名词（或代词）表示。 e.g.    It was very difficult for me to swim across the broad river..  It is necessary for you to learn two foreign languages before graduation. 9. 动词不定式的完成式 表示不定式的动作发生在句子谓语所表示的动作之前。 e.g.    Judging from (by) his manners at the party, the barber doesn’t seem to have received much education.     He is said to have written a book about modern business English. 　 II. 动名词： 在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 1. 动名词作主语 e.g.    Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language. It is no use asking her advice. It is no good crying over spilt milk. 2. 动名词作表语 e.g.    Her job is looking after the disabled.  动名词和动词不定式都可以作主语或表语，一般来说，表示比较抽象的行为时多用动名词。表示具体动作或将来发生的动作时用动词不定式。 e.g.    Smoking is not allowed here.  To smoke so much is not good for you.  Their job is building house. Their task this month is to build another bridge across the river. 3. 动名词作及物动词的宾语 以下及物动词及短语动词常用动名词作宾语。 avoid, can’t help, consider, deny, enjoy, excuse, finish, mind, practise, suggest。 e.g.    Jefferson suggested spending another day in the mountain area. She is considering asking her employer for a rise. The singer practises singing every morning in the park. 4. 动名词作介词的宾语 e.g.    The scientists succeeded in doing the experiment last month. The old woman is always looking forward to her daughter’s coming back home. 5. 动名词作定语表示用途，分词作定语表示动作正在进行 e.g.    a swimming pool: a pool for swimming.      a sleeping car: a car for sleeping. a flying plane: a plane which is flying.         a running car: a car which is running. 6. 动名词的完成时 表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，用动名词的完成时。 e.g.    The salesgirl doesn’t remember having sold such kind of mobile phone. The pop singer regretted having said such tactless words at the cocktail party. 7. 动名词的被动式 e.g.    The president insisted on being treated as an ordinary employee. Little George didn’t mind being left alone at home. 8. 动名词的逻辑主语       动名词的逻辑主语可使用形容词性的物主代词或代词的宾格。 e.g.    The clerk is pleased with John’s paying income tax in time. III. 分词： 在句子中可以作表语、状语、补足语和定语。 1. 现在分词作表语： e.g.    The day is charming. The magic is interesting. 2. 现在分词作状语 e.g.    Walking in the street, Hill met an old friend of his father’s. Laughing and talking, a group of girls came into the meeting hall. Being a warm-hearted man, Joe is ready to help others when they need. 3. 现在分词作补足语 e.g.    The boss suddenly heard someone knocking at the door. Don’t you see him coming towards us? 4. 现在分词作定语 e.g.    My niece is reading an interesting book. The boy sitting between his father and mother is my nephew. 5. 现在分词的被动式 e.g.    Having been given a portable computer, Jim plays the computer games every day. 6. 现在分词的完成式 e.g.    Having done his homework, the freshman began to watch TV.     Not having done it right，the assistant tried again。 7. 过去分词作表语 e.g.    The door is locked. The parents are surprised at the news that his son will get married next week. 8. 过去分词作状语 e.g.    Exhausted by the trip, he soon fell asleep. Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful. John turned away disappointed. 9. 过去分词作补足语 e.g.    We found the eggs eaten by the snake.     I once heard the song sung in English. 10. 过去分词作定语 e.g.    People like to drink boiled water. The experience gained in the experiment is of great value. The stadium being built in Chaoyang District was designed by Hill. The stadium to be built next year in Chaoyang District was designed by Hill. The stadium built last year in Chaoyang District was designed by Hill. remember, forget, regret和mean接不定式和动名词的区别 　e.g.    I remember seeing you last year at the theater. Remember to return the novel to the library as soon as you come back to the college. e.g.    The worker forgets buying the toy for his niece. The dustman forgot to turn off the light when he left the room. e.g.    The guest regretted breaking the rare vase at the party. The professor regretted spending so much money on a car. I regret to tell you that I lost my portable computer. e.g.    Missing this train means waiting for another hour. I meant to give you some brandy this morning, but I forgot. 独立主格：当分词短语的主语和主句的主语不一致时要用分词的独立主格结构 e.g.    Wanting to read novels, I went to the library to borrow one. My mother wanting to read novels, I went to the library to borrow one. The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.  The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　 = If the weather permits, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　 The work done, we went home.　 The meeting gone over, everyone tried to go home earlier.　 He came into the storeroom, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. With的复合结构 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 e.g.    He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. 历年真题： 1. Classes ______, the students left for home without delay.  A. were over          B. being over          C. are over        D. over        2. John, ______ the bet, had to pay for the dinner.  A. lost              B. having lost          C. losing          D. having loss 3. With the flowers ______ everywhere, the park looks beautiful.  A. to bloom            B. blooming          C. be blooming    D. to be blooming 4. The mother didn’t know ______ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.  A. who                B. when              C. how          D. what 5. Would you mind ______ the computer game in your room?                        A. he playing          B. his playing          C. him to play      D. him play 6. Henry is often seen ______ English loudly every morning in the classroom.  A. read                B. reads                C. reading        D. to read                                7. The question ______ at the meeting tomorrow is very important.      A. to discuss          B. being discussed      C. to be discussed    D. will be discussed 8. ______, we decided to leave at once, as we didn’t want to risk missing the bus.          A. As it being pretty late                    B. It being pretty late  C. It was being pretty late                    D. Being pretty late 9. The little boy saw the plane ______ and burst into flames.    A. complete                                B. compel C. crash                                    D. clutch 10. Some cities have passed laws that allow coal and oil ______ only if their sulfur content is low.                        A. burning                                B. to burn     C. being burned                            D. to be burned 11. With the bridge ______, there was nothing for the soldier but to swim                  A. was destroyed                            B. destroying     C. being destroyed                            D. destroyed 12. Having no money but ______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.            A. not to want anyone                        B. wanted no one     C. not wanting anyone                        D. to want no one      13. Today the police can watch cars ______ on roads by radar.        A. run                                     B. to run     C. running                                D. to be run          14. I meant ______ you, but I forgot.       A. ringing              B. being ringing        C. to ringing        D. to ring    15. It is not easy ______ the answer to the difficult math problem.          A. to figure out        B. figuring out            C. figure out        D. being figured out                                    16. The teacher has his students ______ a composition every other week.          A. to write              B. written                C. writing        D. write 17. All things ______, the planned trip had to be called off.                          A. considered        B. be considered      C. considering      D. having considered 18. ______ in a company, Miss Li will become a famous pop singer.                                                                    A. It is an employee that                      B. She was an employee       C. An employee before                      D. Once an employee  19. Is there any possibility of getting the price ______ further?              A. reduced            B. reduce                C. reducing        D. be reduced  20. ______ you feel too ill to go out. I would rather not stay at home tonight.        A. Because            B. Although            C. Unless            D. If        21. Because of many mistakes, she was made ______ these letters again.                A. type                B. to typing            C. typed            D. to type          22. It is hot and dry; the flowers need ______.                                A. being watered      B. be watered          C. to water        D. to be watered    23. He began by showing us where the country was and went on ______ us about its climate. A. telling                B. to tell                C. to telling        D. to be told      24. Once ______ of the necessity of a move, he worked hard to find a new home.        A. convinced            B. be convinced        C. convincing        D. having convinced          25. So many representatives______, the conference had to be put off.       A. were absent            B. to be absent          C. being absent      D. had been absent  26. People appreciate ______ with him because he has a good sense of humor.                  A. to work              B. working            C. to have worked     D. have working 27. ______ a teacher, one must first be a pupil.                        A. Being              B. Having been        C. To be          D. To have been 28. She apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.                  A. her being not able                        B. her to be not able  C. her not to be able                          D. her not being able      29. “What makes her so unhappy?” “______ one of her favorite books.” A. Because she lost                          B. Because of her losing    C. She lost                                D. Her losing 30. You look tired. Do you ______ a rest? A. like having          B. feel like having        C. like have         D. feel like to have            31. The comments which he made ______ marketing bothered his boss greatly. A. being concerned        B. concerned            C. be concerned      D. concerning      32. The novel I bought last week is worth ______, I think. A. reading              B. being read          C. to read          D. to be read          33. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______ the film stars had left. A. to tell              B. to be told            C. telling            D. told            34. It is no ______ talking to him, because he will never change his mind. A. help              B. use              C. time            D. way               35. The way I thought of ______ the animal was of great value. A. protecting                              B. protect        C. being protected                          D. to prote              36. Did you notice the little boy ______ away? A. took the candy and run                 B. taking the candy and run C. take the candy and run                     D. who taking the candy and running    37. ______ gives people more knowledge of the society than literature. A. Anything          B. Nothing          C. Something      D. Everything 练习： 1. I remember ______ the dictionary to him, but he asked me about it this morning.  A. to return              B. returning            C. being returned     D. return                    2. ______ a wrong telephone number, I couldn’t contact my friend by phone. A. Giving            B. To be given          C. Having given      D. Having been given 3. ______ one’s work properly may be worse than not doing it at all. A. Not to do            B. Doing not            C. Doing         D. Not doing      4. He claimed ______ at the yesterday's party.                A. having been badly treated                B. to have been badly treated C. being treated badly                          D. to be treated badly 5. The chemicals in the container are acting on each other so as ______ electric current.      A. producing            B. to produce              C. for producing    D. produced 6. When a couple becomes engaged ______, it is customary for the man to buy the woman an engagement ring.    A. to marry             B. marrying            C. being married     D. to be married 7. This is the fifth case of smallpox ______ in the town this year.    A. when occurring        B. to occur            C. occurring        D. occurred 8. The enemy had no way out but ______.                      A. surrender            B. surrendering          C. to surrender     D. having to surrender 9. The heroic fighter would rather die with his head high than ______ with his knees bent. A. to live                B. live                   C. living         D. lived 10. The way he talks is simply intolerable, I object to ______ like a child.  A. treat                B. be treated              C. treating          D. being treated 11. He asked what ______ with the money?     A. doing            B. to do                  C. do              D. did 12. When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult ______.  　 A. making others understand me                  B. to make myself understand C. to make others understand me                  D. to make myself understood 13. I've decided to do what I ______.    A. like                B. like to              C. like it            D. like it so 14. She hurried to the post office only ______ that it was closed.    A. to find              B. finding            C. found          D. having found    15. The dying soldier had the message ______ straight to the commander.    A. sent                B. be sent                C. to be sent        D. being sent 16. Urban mothers had difficulty ______ their children into children care centers.  A. getting              B. get                C. to get            D. for getting 17. They were envious of Michael because of ______ the director of the board.  A. his being made        B. his making            C. he was made      D. his having made 18. One is likely to suffer from snow blindness when ______ to snow light for hours.    A. exposed              B. having exposed        C. exposing      D. to be exposed 19. ______ for so long, the New York baseball team stands a chance of winning the world series this year.                      A. Having been practiced                    B. To practice C. Having practiced                        D. Practiced 20. There is no use ______ him at this hour. He is having a conference now.    A. to call                B. called                C. call            D. calling  21. ______ the possibilities of a water shortage during the summer months, the city has asked its citizens to limit the use of water.    A. Facing with            B. Being faced with        C. Faced with        D. To face with 22. ______ any tickets, they didn’t go to the concert.    A. Having got                                B. Having not got        C. Not having got                            D. Not to have got 23. The woman was ______ to hear that her son had been caught stealing in a restaurant.    A. surprised            B. surprisingly            C. surprising         D. surprise 24. While ______ for the bus, the old man met a friend of his.  A. wait                  B.having waited        C.waited          D.waiting  25. Encouragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people ______ their best. 　    A. do              B. to do　 　            C. doing　 　        D. done　  26. The ability ______ is very important for any speaker.        A. to hear clearly                          B. to be clearly heard　 C. to hearing clearly                      D. to being clearly heard      27. Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house ______ so well. 　    A. to be decorated      B. to decorate          C. be decorated    D. decorating  28. It was very difficult ______ me to learn Spanish. 　    A. of              B. to                  C. with          D. for　 29. It is necessary ______ the papers immediately. 　    A. for you to hand in　    B. that you hand out    C. your hand in　    D. for your hand in  30. I don’t remember ______. 　    A. ever to be saying　                        B. to have ever said        C. having ever said that                      D. ever said that  31. No one avoids ______ by advertisements. 　    A. influenced          B. influencing          C. to influence　    D. being influenced  32. Susan was very unhappy for not ______ to the party. 　    A. to be invited      B. having been invited    C. inviting      D. to have been invited  33. He forgot about ______ him to attend my wife’s birthday party. 　    A. I asking          B. my asking          C. me to ask      D. mine to ask 34. I object to ______ on the office phone.  A. his making private calls                      B. his make private calls C. his to make private calls                     D. him make private calls 35. Don’t risk ______ the job which so many people want. A. losing              B. to lose              C. lost          D. your life to lose 36. I don’t think it is any use ______ this matter any further. 　    A. discussing          B. to discuss          C. to discussing　    D. to be discussed 37. You don’t object ______ you by your first name, do you? 　    A. for me to call      B. me to call          C. to my calling　    D. my calling 38. The students are looking forward to ______ their parents in winter vacation. 　    A. see              B. watch              C. seeing          D. being seen  39. Men will never stop ______ for new ways of getting new energy. 　    A. search              B. to search          C. searching      D. searched  40. You have been talking for two hours. How long do you intend to go on ______ like that? 　    A. talking              B. to talk              C. doing talking　    D. talk  41. I’ve never read any books ______ by this writer.       A. writes              B. writing              C. written            D. to write    42. The middle-aged man was seen ______ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder. 　    A. came              B. come              C. to come      D. have come  43. John suggested ______ anything about it until they found out more facts. 　    A. not to say          B. saying not          C. to say not      D. not saying Translation: 1. 我表妹一到澳门就给我写了信。 2. 两周内完成这项任务并不容易。 3. 怎样筹集到足够的资金仍然是个问题。 4. 她的愿望是嫁给一个诚实的年轻人。 5. 她没向我们告别就走了。 6. 罗伯特怕缺课太多，赶紧回到学校。 7. 吉姆表示歉意，因为他没有遵守诺言。 8. 强盗手里拿着刀闯进了屋子。 9. 我后悔做了这样的事。 10. 被释人质重返家园与家人团聚真是令人感动的场景。 11. 他们发现在下午6点前不可能完成这项工作。  12. 他花了几个星期时间才适应了大学生活。 13. 即将建成的体育场能容纳6万多观众。 答案： 历年真题：1-5 BBBAB      6-10 DCBCD  11-15 DCADA  16-20 DADAC  21-25 DDBAC  26-30 BCDDB  31-35 DABBA    36-37 CB 练习：1-5 BDDBB  6-10 DDCBD  11-15 BDAAA    16-20 AAACD  21-25 CCADB       26-30 BADAC  31-35 DBBAA  36-40 ACCCA  41-43 CCD 翻译： 1. My cousin wrote to me as soon as she arrived at Macau. 2. It is not easy to finish the task within two weeks. 3. How to get enough capital is still a question. / It is still a question how to get enough capital. 4. Her wish is to marry an honest young man. 5. She left without saying goodbye to us. 6. Robert hurried back to school for fear of missing / that he miss too many lessons. 7. Jim apologized for not having kept his promise. 8. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. 9. I regret having done such a thing. 10. The homecoming of the released hostages and their reunionwith their families was an affecting scene. 11. They found it impossible to finish the task before 6 pm. 12. It took him several weeks to adapt himself to college life. 13. The stadium to be built can hold more than 60,000 audience. 第四章  形容词和副词 形容词和副词的平行级、比较级和最高级 平行级         as +原级+as          not as (so) +原级+as e.g.    There are as many seats in this hall as in that one. We have as much snow this year as last year. The boxer doesn’t speak French so fluently as you. These engines are not as powerful as those we have made. He hasn’t made so（as） much progress as he had expected. 比较级  -er  more e.g.    It is cooler today in Madrid than it was yesterday. Linda is cleverer than any other girl in his class.    She has better memory than I. Women are more patient with children than men. This company is better organized than that one.    The horse runs little faster than the camel. The Chang’an Street is far wider and longer than any other street in Beijing. Jim runs a little (a bit) faster than his younger brother. My sister is a head shorter than I. I got to the cinema ten minutes later than John. Autumn is coming, it is getting cooler and cooler. The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get. The sooner you leave the company, the better. In fact，the busier he is， the happier he feels。 The more he thought about the thing，the angrier he grew. No more than : only Not more than: less than e.g.    There is no more than 5 yuan in my purse. There is not more than 5 yuan in my purse. 最高级  -est  most e.g.  Xiao Wang studies the hardest in our class.     Mary is cleverer than any other girl in her class. Mary is cleverest girl in her class. The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. I think that Anna is by far the most active member in our group.  Of the two lectures, the first was by far the better one, partly because the person who delivered it most: very e.g.    It is most dangerous to let children play with fire. 历年真题： 1. English is used by more people than ______ language except Chinese.    A. any                B. any other            C. other            D. all other 2. This new coat cost me ______ the last one I bought two years ago.    A. three times                              B. three times as much as C. three times as much                        D. three times much as 3. This morning Jack came to school late ______. A. than usual                                B. as usual       C. like usual                              D. like usually 4. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ______ cars in 2002 as the year before. A. as many twice                            B. as twice many C. twice many as                            D. twice as many                 练习： 1. We believe that the younger generation will prove ______ of our trust.    A. worth                B. worthless          C. worthy          D. worthwhile 2. England and America are ______ in many ways.  A. like                  B. alike                C. likely          D. likewise 3. She is ______ of the two sisters.            A. the tallest but the least beautiful              B. tall but not beautiful         C. the taller but the less beautiful                D. taller but not as beautiful 4. Staying in a hotel costs _______ staying in a student’s dormitory a week.      A. twice than                              B. twice as much as C. nearly always                            D. as twice much as 5. The old man often goes fishing with a ______.                A. bamboo long fishing pole                    B. pole long, fishing and bamboo C. long bamboo fishing pole                  D. bamboo fishing pole, long 6. Mary is taller than ______ on the football team.    A. any other girl       B. any girl             C. any other girls     D. other girls Translation： 1. 我的新衣服比旧衣服贵一倍。 2. 情况比你想象的要复杂的多。 3. 今年雨量比去年大的多。 4. 我表妹喜爱足球胜过游泳。 5. 他越生气，我就越高兴。 6. 王英教英语比他姐姐认真。 7. 上海是中国最大的工业中心。 8. 黄河是中国第二条最长的河流。 9. 这个物理题不像我最初想象的那么复杂。 10. 今年我们新建的博物馆跟去年一样多。 11. 一般来说，女孩比男孩说话的时间要早。 12. 越来越多的人们关心我们的自然环境。 答案： 历年真题：1-4 BBBD 练习：1-5 CBCBC  6 A 翻译： 1. My new dress cost me twice as much as the old one. 2. The situation was far more complicated than you could imagine. 3. We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year. 4. My cousin likes football better than swimming.  well 5. The angrier he becomes, the happier I am. 6. Wang Ying teaches Englisn more carefully than his sister. 7. Shanghai is the biggest center of industry in China. 8. The Yellow River is the second longest one in China. 9. This physics problem is not as complicated as I imaged at first. 10. We have built as many museums this year as we did last year. 11. Generally speaking，girls talk at an earlier age than boys. 12. More and more people are concerned about our natural environment. more able, more active, more advanced, more certain, more clearly, more closely, more common, more complete, more correct, more creative, more curious, more freely, more frequent, more honest， more modern, more obscure, more often, more pleasant, more quickly, more rapid, more rarely, more ready, more serious, more salty, more sharply, more sober, more suitable, more widely, more sorry，more lilely 第五章  情态动词                     must: 表示推测，有三种形式：must do; must be doing; must have done.  e.g.    Judging by his accent, Ann must be from the North America. My aunt must be at the library. My tutor must be correcting my paper. The professor must be doing preparation for tomorrow’s lesson at home now. The manager must have been very angry at the meeting because his employee said some tactless words. ---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. ---She must have gone by bus. ---Must I start out now？ ---No, you needn’t.  (No, you don’t have to.) ---Yes, you must. I must go now.  I have to go now.  We’ll have to reconsider the matter. We must tide up the room every day. 情态动词+have+过去分词 情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。 1. may (might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth　 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。   e.g.    Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.       Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 2. ought to have done sth, should have done sth   本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。   e.g.    You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.       He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）   ought to 在语气上比should 要强。 3. needn’t have done sth　 e.g.    The film actor brought a lot of clothes when he went to the seaside.     But actually he needn't have done so, because it was hot there. 4. had better表示最好 had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。   had better do sth   had better not do sth e.g.    It is pretty cold. You'd better put on your overcoat. She’d better not play with the dog. 历年真题： 1. Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it ______ last night.      A. must rain                                B. was raining        C. must have rained                          D. may rain 2. She ______ be ill because I saw her playing tennis just now.            A. can’t                B. couldn’t            C. mustn’t        D. may not    3. Sorry, officer. I ______ at 80 miles but I didn’t see any sign in the area telling people how fast they can drive.                    A. should not drive                            B. shouldn’t have driven    C. mustn’t drive                          D. can’t drive                  4. I ______ my wallet when I was shopping in the store.                      A. must have dropped                        B. should have dropped C. could drop                              D. ought to have dropped 5. He abandoned a career that ______ to his becoming one of the most influential people in the world.                                A. could have led        B. would lead          C. should have led     D. must lead 6. With all this work on hand, she ______ to the dance party last night.    A. oughtn’t to go                            B. hadn’t gone      C. shouldn’t have gone          D. mustn’t have gone  7. You ______ not have seen her yesterdays for she was abroad. A. must              B. should                C. could          D. would                       练习： 1. Mr. Green ______ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now. A. must have received                        B. must have failed to receive  C. must receive                          D. must fail to receive    2. I believe he ______ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time. A. would have had　                        B. could have had　        C. should have had                      D. must have had  　 3. They have done things they ought ______. A. not to do          B. not to be done      C. not to have done    D. not having done    4. I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I ______ him earlier. A. had a telephone                          B. have phoned      C. should have phoned                      D. should be phoned  Translation: 1. 史密斯先生一定住得离这儿很近。 2. 你本来不必抄写整篇课文。 3. 布朗先生见到红灯本来应该停车。 4. 这一定是你在校园里丢失的手机。 5. 这位建筑师可能今天太忙不能去工地了。 6. 简一定在今天早上把钥匙落在图书馆了。 7. 请你把盐递給女主人好吗？ 8. 请你告诉我湖南的天气怎么样? 9. 咱们快点吧，凯特一定在自然博物馆门口等着我们呢。 10. 劳驾，请问去首都机场怎么走？ 答案： 历年真题：1-5 CABAA  6-7 CC 练习：1-4 BDCC 翻译： 1. Mr. Smith must live quite near here. 2. You needn’t have copied the whole text. 3. Mr. Brown should have stopped his car at the red light. 4. This must be the mobile phone that you lost on campus. 5. The architect may be too busy to go to the construction site today. 6. Jane must have left her key behind in the library this morning. 7. Will you please pass the salt to the hostess? 8. Would you please tell me what the weather is like in Hunan? 9. Let’s hurry up，Kate must be waiting for us at the gate of the Natural Museum. 10. Excuse me, could you tell me how I can get to the Capital Airport? Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the Capital Airport? 第六章  名词性从句 名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。一般由that引起，也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how引起。 e.g.    What you need is more practice. The question is whether it is worth doing. We must find out who did all this. The visitor expressed his hope that he would come to China again. 1. 主语从句 很多情况下主语从句都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语。 e.g.    It isn’t likely that the businessman should accept such an offer as that.  It is still unknown when we shall go to the concert. 2. 宾语从句 it作形式宾语 e.g.    I think it best that you should stay here. She took it for granted that he would receive it with shame. 由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句 e.g.    He will do whatever the teacher asks him to do. I’ll take whoever wants to go with me to the theatre. Take whichever you like best. whether和if 的区别：它们都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同。当主语从句直接位于句首时，应用whether，而不用if。Whether 后能接or not，但if 不能。 e.g.    Whether the boss will come or not is not known. 3. 同位语从句 跟在fact, idea, news, promise等名词的后面，通常用连词that引导。that无词义，只起连接作用。如果同位语从句所修饰的先行词是suggestion, proposal等名词的时候，谓语动词用should+原形动词。should可以省略。 e.g.    My suggestion that we do the experiment again is accepted by them.     His proposal that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition is praised by the teacher. He made the suggestion that we go by train. The suggestion that you made at the meeting is popular with the young people. 4. 表语从句 在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because. e.g.    The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning. 历年真题： 1. Isn’t that ______ they call peace and friendship?  A. which            B. this                  C. what          D. where 2. I must tell you how ______ a letter from you.    A. pleased I was to receive                  B. pleased I was to receiving C. was I pleased to receive                  D. pleased I was receiving 3. ______ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.    A. What              B. That                C. Which          D. As 4. Thinking that you know ______ in fact you don’t is not a good idea.              A. what                B. that                 C. when            D. which  5. Give the books to ______ needs them for the English class and the writing class.        A. whomever            B. whom                C. who            D. whoever 6. A solid is different from a liquid ______ the solid has its definite shape.          A. in that                B. in which            C. in what        D. because of which 7. ______ he says or does won’t make me change my mind at all.    A. Whatever              B. However              C. Which            D. How 8. ______ purpose did you say their team would beat ours ?    A. For which            B. What                C. For what        D. Which 9. The news quickly spread through the village ______ the war had ended.  A. which                B. what              C. that            D. where 10. There is no doubt ______ you will pass the exam this time. You have worked so hard in the past months. A. whether              B. that                C. if                D. what        11. No matter ______ he is able to come to the party or not, we will invite him. A. when              B. whether              C. how          D. why              12. They decided to chase the cow away ______ it did more damage. A. unless              B. until              C. before          D. although 13. After the fire, ______ would otherwise be a cultural center is now reduced to a pile of ashes.       A. that              B. it                  C. which          D. what            练习： 1. ______ was unimportant. A. Whether he enjoyed our concert or not      B. No matter how he enjoyed our dinner 　    C. If he enjoyed our dinner                  D. What he enjoyed our dinner  　 2. ______ I saw was two men crossing the street. A. What              B. Whom              C. Who          D. That  3. ______ was not the way the event happened. A. Which the press reported                  B. That the press reported  C. what did the press report                  D. What the press reported.                        4. It’s urgent that a meeting ______ before the final decision is made. A. will be arranged　    B. must be arranged    C. be arranged        D. would be arranged    5. It is highly desirable that a new president ______ for this university. A. is appointed      B. will be appointed    C. be appointed　    D. has been appointed  6. The general’s command was that the soldiers ______ their fort and carry out more important tasks. A. would leave      B. leave              C. left          D. have left  7. No one doubts ______ it is true. A. whether          B. if                  C. that          D. what 8. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware ______ she had gone. A. where that          B. of where          C. of the place　    D. the place 9. He was a man of fine character in all points ______ he was rather timid. A. in that              B. except that          C. for that      D. except for  10. His mother insisted that he ______ the coat when going out. A. put on              B. puts on          C. to put          D. putting on  11. The doctor advised that Mr. Malan ______ an operation right away so as to save his life. A. had              B. would have          C. have          D. was going to have  12. Would the news ______ he failed to pass the exam bother you? A. which              B. that              C. of which      D. on which       13. He raised the question of ______ we could find the necessary money. A. if                B. whether            C. that          D. which    14. Whether you go to the bookstore ______ no difference.    A. makes              B. make              C. making          D. is made  15. A warm thought suddenly came to me ______ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother.      A. if                  B. when              C. that          D. which Translation： 1. 他没有告诉我是走还是留下。 2. 我不知道我能否赶上末班车。 3. 你所需要的是更多的练习。 4. 还没有决定由谁来主持明天的会议。 5. 他提议他们和别的组挑战进行一场友谊竞赛。 6. 我不知道你会在这里。 7. 我不记得在什么地方见过这辆车。 8. 毫无疑问，有许多人得益于心脏外科手术。 9.月球环绕地球转动，这是我们大家熟知的。 10. 问题是我们到明天上午能否得到足够的资金。 11. 足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。 答案： 历年真题：1-5 CAAAD  6-10 AACCB  11-13 BCD 练习：1-5 AADCC  6-10 BCBBA  11-15 CBBAC 翻译： 1. He didn’t tell me whether to go or stay. 2. I wonder whether I’ll catch the last bus or not.    3. What you need is more practice. 4. It is not decided who will hold the meeting tomorrow. 5. His proposal is that they (should) challenge the other groups to a friendly competition. 6. I had no idea that you were here. 7. I can’t remember where I have seen this car. 8. There is no doubt that a large number of people benefit from heart surgery. 9. That the moon moves round the earth is well known to all of us. 10. The question is whether we can get enough fund by tomorrow morning.　 11. Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. 第七章  定语从句 1. 关系代词和关系副词： that, which, whose, who, whom, where, when, why e.g.    I know the professor who /that will give us a talk at the meeting-room this afternoon.  The mobile phone that /which my father-in-law bought me cost him 2,000 Yuan.  The bottle that /which is on the shelf is broken. The girl whose parents are doctors is going to study computer science abroad next year. The young man that/who has a pack on the back is my nephew. The person who/ whom /that Robert shook hands with just now is an astronaut. This is the house where Lu Xun used to live. This is the house which/ that Lu Xun used to live in. This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.     The farmer will never forget the day when he visited the Great Wall. Tell the teacher the reason why Tom was absent from class yesterday. Tom was absent yesterday. The reason was that he was ill yesterday. 2. 非限制性定语从句 e.g.    The letter, which I received yesterday, was from my cousin. China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Lu Xun.      My cousin bought a used house, the price of which was very reasonable. 3. 只用that的情况 A. anything, something, nothing, everything, few, all, much, any, no作先行词 e.g.    Is there anything that I can do for you?  I have read all the books that were borrowed from the library. Everything we saw in the exhibition was made in China. There was nothing that interested Lily at the car show. Much that has been said tonight will soon be forgotten. B. 先行词被最高级所修饰 e.g.    This is the most exciting film that the artist has ever seen in Hong Kong . C. 先行词被序数词所修饰 e.g.    That is the first English novel that Tim has bought. It is the last book that the great man wrote before his death.  D. 当先行词既有人又有物时 e.g.    Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?  They are talking about the teachers and schools that they had visited. The speaker talked of some writers and books that are unknown to us. E. 当疑问词是who或which 时 e.g.    Who is the man that is speaking to the novelist?  Which is the bike that you lost？ 4. 只用which A. 在非限制性定语从句，充当主语或宾语 先行词指物 e.g.    They have three houses, which are built of stone. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, which used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. B. 当关系代词前有介词时 e.g.    This is the factory in which we once worked. We study in the classroom of which the doors face south. C. 当先行词本身是that时 e.g.    What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?    5. 只用who不用that A. 先行词是one, ones或anyone时 e.g.    One who does not work hard will never succeed. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. B. 先行词为those 或被those修饰，指人时 e.g.    Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. C. 在非限制性定语从句中指人 e.g.    I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America. She is one of the students who have been to the USA.      She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA.                    6. 介词提前 e.g.    Is this the worker to whom you spoke this morning? I know the person with whom you shook hands just now. Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other. 7. as, which的比较 A. 在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用。 e.g.    They failed in the exam, as/which is natural. Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before. B. 如从句在主句之前，用as。 e.g.    As we all know, his parents were killed in this war. As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun. 历年真题： 1. The writer has published many books, ______ are well received by the readers.    A. none of whom          B. all of which          C. neither of who    D. one of which 2. This is the dictionary ______ I depend a lot whenever I have problems with new words.  A. with which        B. in which            C. on which      D. for which 3. Do not trust such men ______ often like to praise you to your face.  A. who              B. that              C. as              D. they 4. ______ is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun.  A. Because            B. For                C. So            D. As 5. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, ______, of course, made the others jealous.    A. who                B. what                C. that            D. which              6. Evidence came up ______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.                            A. where                B. that              C. which            D. what              7. ______ is well known, the key to success lies in hard work.    A. As                B. That                C. Which            D. What 8. The tsunami ______ over 160,000 people were killed was a terrible disaster for human beings.                                      A. of that                B. among which      C. during that        D. in which 9. He was very rude to the customs officer, ______ of course made things even worse.    A. who                B. whom                C. what          D. which      10. We live in a time ______, more than ever before in history, people are moving    A. what              B. when              C. which            D. where                                            11. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands. A. where              B. when                C. that          D. what          12. ______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which              B. When              C. What          D. As              练习： 1. We should learn from those ______ are always ready to help others.          A. who                B. whom                C. they            D. that 2. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China now.        A. works            B. is working            C. are working     D. has been working 3. Tom is the only one of the students who ______ to Shanghai.          A. have gone          B. have been            C. has been        D. had gone 4. I, ______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.            A. who is              B. who am              C. that is          D. which am 5. The old man has two sons, ______ are lawyers.       A. both of them         B. both of who          C. both of whom     D. both of they 6. He is a man of great knowledge, ______ much can be learned.          A. in whom            B. about whom          C. from whom      D. of whom 7. Do you know the man ______ just now?            A. to who I nodded                         B. I nodded to          C. whom I nodded                            D. Whom I nodded to him. 8. Please pass me the dictionary ______ cover is black.            A. which              B. its                  C. whose        D. which of 9. All the apples______ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.  A. which            B. /                  C. that            D. they 10. This is the biggest lab ______ we have ever built in our university.        A. which            B. what                C. that          D. where 11. Is oxygen the only gas ______ helps fire burn?          A. that                B. /                  C. which          D. what 12. Air, ______ we breathe every day, is around us all the time.          A. that                B. /                    C. which            D. it    13. This is the museum ______ we saw an exhibition the other day.          A. that                B. which                C. where          D. in that 14. This museum is ______ you visited the other day.       A. that                B. which              C. where          D. the one 15. Is that the lab ______ we did physics experiments in during our middle school days.       A. what              B. where                C. which            D. the one 16. We often think of the days ______ we spent together on the island.       A. when              B. which              C. in which        D. during which 17. Have you ever been to Shanghai, ______ I left ten years ago?       A. where            B. which                C. that          D. when 18. He has left Beijing, ______ a meeting is to be held.       A. when                B. where              C. as              D. which 19. This is the very place ______ I’m wishing to live in.        A. where              B. which              C. that            D. in which 20. Is it in that factory ______ “Red Flag” cars are made?        A. in which            B. where                C. that            D. which 21. I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing.        A. as                  B. that                C. which          D. than 22. Can you solve such problems ______ raised by the audience?       A. what were            B. as were              C. that were      D. which were 23. The reason ______ he didn’t come was ______ he was injured.       A. that, because        B. why, that            C. why, because     D. that, that 24. He must be from Africa, ______ can be seen from his skin.       A. that              B. as                  C. it            D. what 25. ______ is natural, he married Mary.       A. It                B. What              C. Which        D. As 26. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.        A. that              B. who                  C. from whom      D. to whom 27. This is one of the means ______ the electric energy is conducted from one place to another.        A. by which          B. by that                C. through which     D. through that 28. The last river ______ they crossed is two miles wide.  A. where              B. which              C. that            D. in which 29. The Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks ______ built in the Qing Dynasty. A. where were        B. where was            C. that were        D. which was  30. Robert is good at language, ______ we all know  　       A. because            B. for                  C. as              D. since    31. Matter is anything ______.       A. that take up space and have weight            B. which take up space and have weight C. that takes up space and has weight          D. those take up space and have weight 32. My tutor showed me the dictionary ______ she paid a lot of money.        A. by which          B. to which              C. for which        D. on which 33. Abraham Lincoln was a man ______ I have the greatest respect.       A. who              B. to whom            C. whom        D. for whom  34. Finally, the thief handed everything ______ he had stolen to the police.       A. which            B. what                C. whatever        D. that  　 35. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.   　       A. of whom            B. whom                C. of whose        D. whose 36. Mayor will make an inspection of our school on Monday, ______ you can tell him how hard the situation we are in.         A. where                B. which                C. when          D. that Translation： 1. 在工厂里有许多废料，所有的废料都可以在一定的条件下变废为宝。 2. 我们上周看望了那位患者，他热情地欢迎了我们。 3. 钢铁有很多有用的性能，它在机械制造业中得到了广泛的应用。 4. 我们在展览会上看到的所有产品都是中国制造的。 5. 校长在中强调的几点确实很重要。 6. 这就是学生们不赞成你的计划的原因。 7. 光在一秒钟运行的距离为30万公里。 8. 明天想去颐和园的人在这里签名。 9. 这位生物学家刚从美国回来，他下个学期要教我们会计学。 10. 鲍勃计划明年到香港度假，他在那儿有些亲戚。 答案： 历年真题：1-5 BCCDD  6-10 BADDB  11-12 AD 练习：1-5 ACCBC  6-10 CBCCC  11-15 ACCDC  16-20 BBBCC  21-25 ABBBD       26-30 DACCC  31-35 CCDDD  36 C 翻译： 1. In factories, there are many waste materials, all of which can he turned into useful things under certain condition. 2. We went to see the patient last week, who gave us a hearty welcome. 3. Steel，which has many useful properties，is widely used in the machine-building industry. 4. All the products we saw at the exhibition are made in China. 5. The few points that the president stressed in his report are very important indeed. 6. That is the reason why the students are not in favor of your plan. 7. The distance that light travels in one second is 300 thousand kilometers. 8. Those who want to go to the Summer Palace tomorrow sign their names here. 9. The biologist, who has just come back from the United States, will teach us accounting next term. 10. Bob is going to spend the holidays in Hong Kong next year, where he has some relatives. 第八章  状语从句 状语从句：修饰主句中的动词，形容词和副词，通常有从属连词引导，按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较等。 1. 时间状语从句： e.g.    Don’t refer to the dictionary each/every time you come upon a new word. Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong. John will send you email as soon as he reaches New York. Once you taste the noodles, you’ll never forget their delicious flavour. Not until I received the letter, did I know he had gone to America. When I got to the airport, I suddenly remembered that I had left the ticket behind. I was about to leave, when something occurred that attracted my attention. Whenever we have difficulty, he’ll come to help us. 连词：no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely, barely)…when: e.g.    No sooner had I opened the door than the telephone rang. 连词：immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time etc. e.g.    As soon as he appears on the stage every time, the audience begin to cheer. I’ll tell you about it the moment you come. I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter. 2. 地点状语从句： 一般用where or wherever 引导 e.g.    I will stand where I can see the parade clearly. Wherever they went, they were warmly welcome. 3. 条件状语从句： 真实条件从句：if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that etc. e.g.    Suppose/Supposing (that) you fail again this time, what will you do? If it rains tomorrow，Helen will stay at home.  In case anything important happens, please call me up. I will not go to her party if my sister-in-law doesn’t invite me. I will not go to her party unless she invites me. 4. 原因状语从句： 从属连词有because, as, since, now that, in that, seeing that, considering that。 e.g.    As the school regulations are written quite clearly, there is nothing more to be explained. Considering that the sweater was hard made, it was not expensive. Seeing that they are inexperienced, they are doing quite a good job. Now that the guests have arrived, let’s begin our dinner party. I criticized him, not because I hate him but because I love him. 5. 让步状语从句： 1) although, though, even if, even though, while, no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, etc. e.g.    He will not give up smoking even though the doctor advises him to. Whatever the consequence may be, I will be on your side. However hard the new comer tried to explain, nobody trusted her. Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.　 2) 由as 引起的让步从句, 语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首. e.g.    Simple as the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature. in fact Cold as it is, the children play outdoors. Much as I respect him, I can’t agree with him. Object as you may, I will go on with my plan. Child as he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 6. 结果状语从句： so that, so…that, such…that e.g.    He is so humorous that we’ll never forget him. My roommate is such a nice girl that everybody likes to make friends with her. Lucy hurried to the office only to find that she had forgotten to bring the key to the door. 7. 目的状语从句： so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case e.g.    I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes. Telephone us in advance in order that we might make the necessary arrangements. 8. 方式状语从句： as, just as, as if: 如同…一样 e.g.    We should do the exercise as our teacher tells us. You talked as if you had really been there. It looks as if it is going to rain. Nails protect the ends of human fingers and toes as claw protect the toes of most animals. The young man operates the machine as the old worker has taught him. 9. 比较状语从句： 1) as…as, not so/as…as e.g.    The film was not so exciting as we expected. The history of nursing is as long as the history of man. She likes them almost as much as Paul does. 2) 比较级+than, so much/a lot more than e.g.    Lucy looks much younger than she is. The universe is a lot more complicated than you think. 3) no more…than, not more…than, less…than e.g.    Jack is no more frightened than Mike is. Jack is not more frightened than Mike is. 4) the more…the more e.g.    The more work the gardener does, the happier he feels. 历年真题： 1. The doctor will not perform the operation ______ it is absolutely necessary.          A. so                B. if                    C. for            D. unless    2. ______ you feel too ill to go out. I would rather not stay at home tonight.        A. Because            B. Although            C. Unless            D. If        3. We hurried to the station ______ find ourselves three hours earlier for the train.   A. only to                B. in order to          C. so as to        D. such as to  4. Rubber differs from plastics ______ it is produced naturally and not in the lab.        A. at that                B. in that                C. for that        D. with that              练习： 1. No sooner had they got the goods covered up ______ it started raining hard. A. when              B. than              C. then          D. after            2. She has wanted to become a nurse ______ since she was a young girl.     A. long              B. often              C. always          D. ever 3. ______ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.   A. Until              B. Unless              C. If              D. Provided  4. Young ______ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.   A. that              B. as              C. although      D. however 5. He talks as if he ______ everything in the world.   A. knows              B. knew              C. had known      D. would have known 6. I wrote it down ______ I should forget it.   A. in case              B. in case of          C. in order that　    D. for fear of    7. They are ______ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.   A. so diligent                              B. such diligent      C. so much diligent                          D. such very diligent  8. ---What was the party like?   ---Wonderful. It's years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.      A. after              B. before              C. when            D. since    9. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ______ Father was away in France.      A. as                B. that                C. during            D. if 10. Why do you want a new job ______ you got such a good one already?       A. that              B. where                C. which          D. when 11. After the war, a new teaching building was put up ______ there had once been a theatre.       A. that                B. where                C. which            D. when 12. ______, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.            A. However late is he                        B. However he is late       C. However is he late                        D. However late he is 13. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ______ great it is.       A. what              B. how              C. however      D. whatever 14. We won't give up ______ we should fail ten times.       A. even if              B. since              C. whether         D. until 15. ______ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.     A. Now that          B. After                 C. Although      D. As soon as 16. You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them again.     A. When             B. where             C. then             D. there  17. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ______ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.   A. that             B. while     　    C. which   　    D. when 18. John may phone tonight. I don't want to go out ______ he phones.   A. as long as 　         B. in order that 　        C. in case   　    D. so that 19. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ______.     A. will arrive          B. arrives              C. is arriving      D. is going to arrive  20. The volleyball match will be put off if it ______.     A. will rain              B. rains              C. rained          D. is raining  21. ---Can I join your club, Dad?   ---You can when you ______ a bit older. A. get                 B. will get             C. are getting         D. will have get 22. Remeber to send me a photo of your son next time you ______ to me. A. write                 B. will write             C. are writing     D. would write 23. If it ______ for the snow, we ______ the mountain yesterday.  A. were not; could have climbed                 B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed             D. had not been; could climb 24. We’ll have to finish the job, ______. A. long it takes however                        B. it takes however long C. long however it takes.                     D. however long it takes  25. It was not ______ she took off her glasses ______ I realized she was a famous star.       A. when; that             B. until; that             C. until; when     D. when; then 26. It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.     A. while              B. which              C. that          D. since 27. You must speak louder in order that ______ by all.  A. you can be heard     B. can you be heard     C. you can heard     D. you can be hear Translation： 1. 我把我的电话号码告诉你，以便你到达这里后可以给我打电话。 2. 他因为腿受伤了所以不能上学。 3. 人人都喜欢你，因为你既和气又诚实。 4. 他们已开过几次会议来起草明年的生产计划。 5. 当约翰回到家才发现把存折忘在办公室了。 6. 这个大厅太小了容纳不了这么多人。 7. 虽然天气很冷，这位市民还是跳到河里救起了那位落水者。 8. 飞机飞得那么高，以至于我们几乎看不到它。 9. 不管你走到哪里，你都会看到那座城市发生的巨大变化。 10. 只要我们不丧失信心，就一定能把外语学好。 答案： 历年真题：1-3 DCA 练习：1-5 BDBBB  6-10 ABDAD  11-15 BDCAA  16-20 BDCBB  21-25 AACDB       26-27 CA 翻译： 1. I’ll give you my phone number so that you can call me when you arrive here. 2. He cannot go to school because he is hurt in the leg. 3. Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest. 4. They have held several meetings to draw up next year's production plans. 5. John didn’t find that his bank account had been lost in the office until he got home. 6. The hall is too small to contain so many people.    to hold 7. Cold as it was，the American citizen jumped into the river and saved the drowning man. a drowning dog  8. The plane flies at such a high altitude that we could hardly see it. 9. Wherever you go, you will see great changes that have taken place in that city. 10. As long as we don’t lose confidence, we are sure to learn English well. 第九章  虚拟语气 1. if A. 与现在事实相反 e.g.    If I were a millionaire, I might lend some money to you. If her niece had 100 Yuan on him, she would get the toy car. B. 与过去事实相反 e.g.    If the novelist had invited him, Tom would have gone to the party. If he had known your email address last night, the surgeon could have sent you the information. Mary could have checked the examination paper again if she had had more time, C. 与将来事实相反 e.g.    If it rained tomorrow, the photographer would stay at home. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. e.g.    If she had taken your advice, everything would be all right. If she had taken the medicine yesterday, she would be all right today. Without air, there would be no wind. e.g.    If I were a bird, I could fly out of the window. If he had come to the office yesterday, the agent would have got the film tickets. 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 2. as if e.g.    Peter speaks to me angrily as if he were my boss. She speaks English very fluently as if she had studied it in England before. 3. wish e.g.    I wish my husband were an astronaut. My brother-in-law wishes he had not lost his pony.    4. It is time… e.g.    It is time that he went to the Yellowstone National Park. It is time that we sang the song 123. 5. would rather e.g.    I would rather that my fiancé fiancee bought me a birthday gift . The professor would sooner that the students gathered in the gymnasium tomorrow morning.  6. It is/was … that e.g.    It is necessary that the doctor be sent to the countryside at once . It was arranged that he start the following week. 7. 宾语从句 以ask, advise, command, decide, demand, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。 e.g.    They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult. The manager suggested that the shipment be made within ten days.  The reporter insisted that Tom chair the meeting.  8. for fear/ in case/ lest e.g.    Take the umbrella with you for fear that (in case, lest) it rain.  历年真题： 1. ______ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. A. If he took          B. If he should take      C. Were he to take     D. Had he taken 2. But for my classmates’ help, I ______ the work in time.  A. did not finish                            B. could not finish    C. will not finish                            D. would not have finished 3. The doctor advised her that she ______ enough rest before going back to work..    A. to get                B. get                  C. gets            D. got 4. Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I ______ it to you.”  A. will return            B. must return          C. could return      D. would have returned 5. It’s vital that enough money ______ collected to get the project started.        A. is                    B. be                  C. must be          D. can be 6. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth ______ well.            A. would not grow      B. will not grow      C. had not grown    D. would not be grown 7. I would have joined him in a picnic, but I ______ his company.      A. will not like          B. don’t like            C. had not liked      D. might not like 8. Let’s finish our homework in a few seconds; it’s time we ______.  A. played football      B. will play football      C. play football     D. are playing football 9. The doctor’s advice was that the patient ______ at once.        A. to be operated        B. being operated        C. be operated        D. operated 10. I don’t think it advisable that Tom ______ to the job since he has no experience.          A. be assigned                              B. is assigned          C. will be assigned                            D. has been assigned 11. She says she’d rather he ______ tomorrow instead of today. A. leaves              B. left                C. leave          D. would leave 练习： 1. ______ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of          B. But for              C. Because of      D. As for 2. If the boy had ______ the dog alone it wouldn't have bitten him.       A. set                B. left                C. had            D. put 3. ---If he ______, he ______ that food. ---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take                  B. had been warned; would not have taken     C. would be warned; had not taken             D. would have been warned; had not taken 4. You didn't let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired. A. drove; didn't get                            B. drove; would get    C. were driving; wouldn't get                  D. had driven; wouldn't have got 5. I would ask George to lend us the portable computer if I ______ him. A. had known      B. have known      C. knew          D. know 6. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ______ the same language? A. spoke          B. speak              C. had spoken　    D. will speak 7. If Bob ______ with us, he would have had a good time. A. would come      B. would have come　    C. had come      D. came 8. ______ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized                          B. Had I realized　 　    C. Did I have realized that　 　                D. As I realized 9.______, I should ask them some questions.   A. Should they come to us                  B. If they come to us  C. Were they come to us　 　                D. Had they come to us 10. Without your help, we ______ so much.   A. didn’t achieve                          B. would not have achieved  C. will not achieve                      D. don’t achieve 11. But for the rain, we ______ a nice holiday.   A. should have      B. would have had　    C. would have　    D. will have had    12. Peter wishes that he ______ law instead of literature when he was in college.   A. could study      B. studied          C. had studied　    D. would study    13. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ______ there.   A. were              B. would be          C. had been      D. will be　 14. I’d ______ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind.   A. rather          B. better              C. happier      D. further 15. I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ______ next month for a dinner.   A. come              B. would come      C. came          D. have come  16. It’s desired that she ______ to teach us at least twice a week.   A. comes          B. will come          C. come          D. may come  17. It’s urgent that a meeting ______ before the final decision is made.   A. will be arranged        B. must be arranged　     C. be arranged　    D. would be arranged  18. It’s high time we ______ something to stop traffic accident.   A. do              B. will do          C. did          D. must do  19. Don’t you think it is time you ______ smoking?   A. give up          B. gave up          C. would give up    D. should give up  20. John’s suit was old and it’s high time he ______ a new one.                  A. buys                B. is buying          C. bought          D. buy  Translation： 1. 我宁愿你于明天来而不是今天来。 2. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。 3. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。 4. 教授建议我们大学的校长乘飞机经由香港去澳大利亚。 5. 你这个故事讲得很生动，好像你看过那本小说似的。（表示想象中的过去的动作） 6. 如果你那时没有及时离开，我无法想象会发生什么情况。  7. 要不是你的帮助，我们是不会及时完成我们的任务。 8. 如果不辞职的话，他现在会过得好得多。 9. 如果有机会，约翰也许就已经成为一位杰出的钢琴家了。 10. 我父母该到湖边散步去了。 答案： 历年真题：1-5 DDBDB  6-10 ABACA  11 B 练习：1-5 BBBDC  6-10 ACBAB  11-15 BCCAC  16-20 CCCBC 翻译： 1. I'd rather you came tomorrow than today. 2. They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 3. He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning. 4. The professor suggested that the president of our university (should) take airplane to go to Australia via Hong Kong. 5. You told the story vividly as if you had read the novel. 6. If you hadn’t left in time then, I couldn’t image what would have happened. 7. But for/without /If it had not been for your help we could not have finished our task in time.    8. If he had not resigned, he would have a much better life. 9. Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding pianist. 10. It’s time that my parents went for a walk along the lake.  第十章  倒装句 1. 否定词放置句首的倒装 否定词放置句首时，助动词或be动词要放在主语的前面进行倒装。常用的否定词有：no, not, never, scarcely, barely, seldom, not until, little, in/under no circumstance, by no means, no sooner…than等。　 e.g.    Never have I seen such a performance.       Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.       Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 　    当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。   e.g.    I have never seen such a performance.       The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than 　     e.g.    Not only did the team leader refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 　         Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 　         No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 　     e.g.    Not only you but also I am fond of music. 2. only放置句首的倒装 e.g.    Only this morning did I hear the sad news.  Only in this way, can you learn English well. 　         Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 　     如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。 　     e.g.    Only when he is seriously ill, does he stay in bed. 3. nor, neither, so的倒装     nor, neither, so用于句首时, 句子要倒装。 so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。 e.g.    So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.          It is hot, my sister-in-law feels like going swimming.    So she does. 4. 虚拟语气中的倒装 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 　     e.g.    Were I you, I would try it again. as引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。 注意：   　 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 e.g.    Child as he is, he can speak three languages fluently.   　 2) 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义          动词一起放在主语之前。       e.g.    Try hard as he can, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.  历年真题：                                  1. ______ at Harvard, he began to write his essay.        A. Busy was as he                          B. Busy as was he        C. Busy as he was                          D. As was he busy 2. Only recently ______ to deal with the environmental problems.        A. something has done                        B. has something done  C. has something been done                    D. something has been done    3. By no means ______ our mistakes.                                  A. we ought ignore                            B. we ought to ignore C. ought we ignore                            D. ought we to ignore 4. ______, he felt tired out after the long journey for eight hours.            A. Strong as he is                            B. The stronger he is      C. Strong man that he is                    D. For he is strong 5. In no case ______ the students from exploring new ideas.            A. we should prevent                      B. we could prevent      C. should we prevent                          D. shouldn’t prevent 6. ______ the first to use nuclear weapons. A. At no time China will be                B. Never China will be C. Will China never be                    D. At no time will China be        练习： 1. Not until the game had began ______ at the sports ground.  A. had he arrived                            B. would he have arrived  C. did he arrive                              D. should he have arrived 2. Not until all the fish died in the river ______ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize                    B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize                      D. didn't the villagers realize 3. ---Why can’t I smoke here? 　---At no time ______ in the meeting-room. A. is smoking permitted                      B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted　                    D. does smoking permit 4. Not until the early years of the 19th century ______ what heat is. A. man did know　                         B. man know　         C. didn't man know　                         D. did man know 5. Not until I reminded him for the third time ______ working and looked up. A. that he stopped      B. does he stopped　    C. did he stop        D. that he stopped 6. ______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving. A. Little they realize                        B. They little do realize  C. Little realize do they                      D. Little do they realize　 7. So little ______ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.  A. did I know          B. I had known      C. I knew          D. was I know  8. I didn’t finish reading that French book, neither ______.   A. did he              B. didn’t he          C. he did          D. he could  9. ______ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.   A. If I realized                           B. Had I realized  C. Did I have realized that                  D. As I realized    10. ______, I should ask them some questions. A. Should they come to us                   B. If they come to us  C. Were they come to us                      D. Had they come to us  11. ______ had he opened the door ______ a dog came up to him suddenly. A. Scarcely … than                          B. Scarce … when  C. no sooner … when                          D. Scarcely … when … 12. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.　 A. didn't I realize      B. did I realize          C. I didn't realize    D. I realize 13. ---Do you know Tom bought a new car? 　 ---I don't know, ______. 　    A. nor don't I care　                         B. nor do I care　         C. I don't care neither　                        D. I don't care also 14. In no case ______ to difficulties. A. we should give up                          B. should we give up C. should give up we                          D. give up should we 15. Little ______ that the police are about to arrest him.       A. he knows                                B. he doesn’t know       C. does he know                          D. doesn’t he know      Translation： 1. 只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。 2. 他买不起新车，我也买不起。 3. 去年我几乎没有想到能为贵公司工作。 4. 铜是良导体，许多其它金属也是。 5. 我要是早点动身就能赶上火车了。 6. 这位友人从未见过这么宽的河。 7. 只有在森林深处我们才可能找到这么罕见的植物。 8. 直到比赛开始苏珊才来到运动场。 9. 昨天晚上，琳达刚躺下电话铃就响了。 10. 艾利斯不仅抱怨食物，而且还拒绝付款。 答案： 历年真题：1-5 CCDAC  6 D 练习：1-5 CAADC  6-10 DAABA  11-15 DBBBC 翻译： 1. Only under such a condition will he make steady progress.　 2. He can't afford a new car.  Neither can I. 3. Little did I think a year ago that I could work for your company. 4. Copper is a good conductor. So are many other metals. 5. Had I left a little earier, I would have caught the train. 6. Never has the foreign friend seen so wide a river. 7. Only in the deep forest can we find such rare plants. 8. Not until the race began did Susan come to the playground. 9. Hardly had Linda lain down when the telephone rang. 10. Not only did Alice complain about the food but also she refused to pay for it.第十一章  强调句 强调句型的基本形式：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who… e.g.    George bought a mobile phone at Wang Fujing Department Store last month. It was ……. 历年真题： 1. It is from my grandparents ______ I learned a lot.    A. who                  B. whom              C. that              D. which 2. It was not until it got dark ______ working.                    A. that they stopped    B. when they stopped    C. did they stop    D. that they didn’t stop            3. It is because he is kind and modest ______ he wins the respect of others.    A. what                B. which                C. why              D. that 4. It was not until dawn ______ their way out of the forest.      A. when they found      B. that they found      C. did they find     D. that they didn’t find 5. It was while she was sleeping in her bedroom ______ a thief broke into the house.    A. which                B. that                C. where          D. than 6. Was it in 1969 ______ the American astronaut succeeded ______ landing on the moon? A. when; on          B. that; on            C. which; in          D. that; in                 练习： 1. It was in that small room ______ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come. A. where              B. in which          C. which          D. that 2. It is because she is very devoted to her students ______ she is respected by them. A. that              B. which              C. what          D. who 3. It was not until she arrived in class ______ realized she had forgotten her book. A. and she          B. when              C. she          D. that she  4. It was through experimentation ______ people found out the behavior of electricity.  A. that                B. which                C. /              D. the    Translation： 1. 那天下午正是他的邻居将他送到附近的医院。 2. 上周科学家们发射的是第三颗人造卫星。 3. 我希望你给我的是一份更加详细的报告。 答案： 历年真题：1-5 CADBB  6 D 练习：1-4 DADA 翻译： 1. It was her neighbour who/that sent him to the nearby hospital that afternoon. 2. It was their third man-made satellite that the scientists launched last week. 3. It is a more detailed report that I hope you to give me. 第十二章  附加疑问句 附加疑问句的基本用法 附加疑问句由两部分构成：陈述句+附加问句。一般的规则是：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。 e.g.    Bob has three brothers and three sisters, hasn’t he / doesn’t he? 当have 和它后面的名词构成固定搭配，have作“有”以外解释时，附加疑问句要用助动词（do/does/did）。 e.g.    You had a swim yesterday, didn’t you? You used to sleep with the window open, usedn’t you / didn’t you? I don’t think that it is the correct answer, is it? They said they would be present at the meeting, didn’t they? ● Your mother told me that you overslept this morning, _____ ? ● didn’t you　 祈使句 e.g.    Let each man decide for himself, will you?  Let us have a get-together on the weekend, will you? Please don’t go across the road at random, will you？ Let’s stop and have our lunch here, shall we?     历年真题： 1. Don’t forget to write to me, ______?            A. will you              B. didn’t you          C. are you          D. don’t you          2. We had to wait a long time to get our passports, ______?    A. won’t we          B. don’t we            C. didn’t we      D. shouldn’t you 3. I suppose you are not serious, ______?                  A. do I                B. don’t I                C. are you        D. aren’t you 4. Your mother told me that you overslept this morning, ______?              A. didn’t she            B. didn’t you            C. did she        D. did you 5. Let’s start working on the project, ______?                      A. shall we          B. will we            C. don’t we        D. aren’t we 6. I don't think Mary understood what you said, ______? A. do I                B. didn't she            C. did you          D. did she               练习： 1. He had to finish the work yesterday, ______? A. hadn’t he          B. had he              C. didn’t he　        D. did he 2. There won’t be any concert this Saturday evening ______? A. will there not      B. will there          C. is there      D. will it be 3. She scarcely cares for anything ______? A. doesn’t          B. does she          C. is she          D. isn't she  4. You never told me you have seen the film, ______? A. had you          B. didn’t you          C. did you      D. weren’t you  5. Please let us have more time, ______? A. shall we          B. will you          C. won’t you      D. don't you 6. Don't forget to write to me, ______? A. do you              B. won’t you          C. are          D. will you  7. I don’t suppose you’re serious, ______? A. don’t I              B. do I              C. are you      D. aren’t you 8. I don’t imagine you’ve heard of him before, ______? A. don’t I              B. do I              C. have you      D. haven’t you  9. Please let us have more time, ______? A. shall we          B. will you          C. won’t you      D. don't you 10. Don't forget to write to me, ______? A. do you              B. won’t you          C. are          D. will you  11. Let’s have a get-together on the weekend, ______?            A. shall we            B. will we            C. shan’t we        D. won’t we Translation： 1. 他们决定亲自去今天早上事故发生的现场，是吗？ 2. 谁都不想去非洲，是吗？  3. 书架上的任何东西都可以扔掉，对吧？ 4. 让我们出发吧，好吗？ 5. 不要随意过马路，对吗？ 6. 我认为你们足球队不会获胜，对吗？   答案： 历年真题：1-5 ACCBA  6 D 练习：1-5 CBBCB  6-10 DCCBD  11 A 翻译： 1. They have decided to go to the place themselves where the accident happened this morning, haven’t they? 2. Nobody wants to go to Africa, does he? 3. Anything on the bookshelf can be thrown away, can’t it？ 4. Let’s start out, shall we? 5. Don’t go across the road at random, will you? 6. I don’t think that your football team will win the game, will it? 第十三章  主谓一致 1. 不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时谓语动词用单数。 e.g.    To go climbing this lonely mountain without anyone accompanying you is very dangerous.     Making friends is one of the most important things in life. Whether he enjoyed our concert or not was unimportant. 2. 钱、距离、时间作主语时谓语动词用单数。 e.g.    Ten dollars is all I have left. Fifteen years is a long period of his life. One hundred miles is too far to travel on foot. Two thirds of the area is under water.  The rest of money is in the envelop. The rest of the mobile phones are on the shelf. 3. 当用and连接的名词前有each, every等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。当主语是each…and…，every…and every…, many a…and…结构时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g.    Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Many a portable computer has been sold out in our supermarket. 4. 当主语由as well as, together with, along with, together with, including, accompanied by等词修饰时的主谓一致。当句中的主语后接等短语+名词（代词）时，主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响，主语是单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。 e.g.    John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party.  Gold, as well as silver, has recently risen in price. John, as well as his wife, goes fishing every week in the suburb of Beijing. No one but Jane and Tom was there then.  The number of errors made by the secretary was surprising. 5. 名词physics, maths, mathematics, news, means, works等一般被认为是复数形式，意思是单数的名词，它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式。 e.g.    Every means has been tried. 6. neither ... nor 和either ... or e.g.    Neither you nor I, nor anybody else knows the answer. Either my father or my brothers are coming.    Not only you but also I am to blame.  历年真题： 1. Mr. Smith, together with his wife and children, ______ going to the party this weekend. A. am                B. is                  C. are            D. will        2. The teacher, as well as all his students, ______ by the dancer’s performance.    A. was impressed        B. had impressed        C. impressed        D. were impressed 练习： 1. Ten thousand pounds ______ a large sum of money.    A. is                B. are                C. being          D. be 2. Jim, along with his ten friends, ______ visiting an oil company.　  A. is                  B. are                  C. being            D. are being 3. No one but Mary and Jack in our class ______ going skating.　 A. liked              B. liking            C. like              D. likes      4. When and where the new hospital will be built ______ a mystery.   A. to remain          B. remains          C. remain          D. is remaining  5. A number of cars ______ in front of my house.   A. was parked          B. were parking      C. is parking      D. are parked  6. Since he was a boy, one of his ______ has been stamp-collecting.    A. hobby                B. hobbies              C. adventure      D. adventures 7. Airline personnel ______ allowed to buy flight tickets at reduced price.    A.is                    B. are                C. have          D. has 8. Being able to face the difficulties in your work ______ an essential quality.    A. be                  B. are                C. is                D. to be 9. He is the only one of the students who ______ finished the task in time.  　 A. have              B. has                C. is              D. are 10. No one, except his two best friends, ______ where he is.  A. know              B. knows              C. to know        D. knowing 11. Many a boy ______ playing basketball.  A. likes              B. like                C. to like          D. have liked 12. ______ I saw was two men crossing the street. A. What              B. Whom              C. Who          D. That  13. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water.          A. are                B. is                    C. were            D. be        14. Eight hundred yuan a month ______ enough to live on.                A. is                  B. are                  C. is being        D. has been 15. Three students ______ in this university come from the South.          A. of ten              B. out of in ten        C. out of ten        D. in tens Translation： 1. 许多记者和外国友人要参加我们的记者招待会。 2. 谁泄露了秘密仍旧无人知道。 3. 彼得何时出发还不清楚。 4. 他和我都没有淋湿。 5. 作演员是她们的愿望。 6. 美国是一个科学技术发达的国家。 7. 学校的书记兼校长出席了会议。 8. 汤姆在上个学期期末数学考试中出现的错误令人吃惊。 答案： 历年真题：1-2 BA 练习：1-5 AADBD  6-10 BBCBB  11-15 AABAC 翻译： 1.Many a reporter and foreign friend is to attend our press conference.　 2. Who let out the secrecy remains unknown.  It remains unknown who let out the secrecy. 3. When Peter will start is not clear.  It is not clear when we’ll start. 4. Neither he nor I am wet.  Neither I nor he is wet. 5. To become actresses is their desire. 6. The United States is a country advanced in science and technology. 7. The secretary and headmaster of the school was present at the meeting. 8. The number of errors in his final math exam last semester was surprising. 第十四章  代词 1. or与nor连接两个单数名词时，代词用单数。 e.g.    Either anne or Jim will bring his video camera. Neither Tom nor Bess has her keys with her.  2. one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it与所指名词为同一个。 　    e.g.    I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.　 　        The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.　 　        I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.  3. 不定代词 anybody, everybody, nobody, anyone, someone, everyone, no one及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。   e.g.    Nobody came, did he?　 If anyone comes, please ask him to wait. Give the cat some food. She is hungry.　 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.　 Please help yourself to some fish.　 4. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词的指示代词this, that, these, those that代替前面提到的事物，必须是这一名词在第二次出现时有后置修饰语；如果前面提到的是复数名词，则用those来代替。 e.g.    The sweater he wears today is different from that / the one he wore yesterday. (当指代的是谈话双方都确知的事物，而且该名词是有后置修饰语的单数可数名词时，that = the one) e.g.    Mary’s handwriting is far better than that of Peter. (指代不可数名词) e.g.    The bikes they made this year are better than those / the ones they made last year. (当指代的是谈话双方都确知的事物，而且该名词是有后置修饰语的复数可数名词时，those = the ones) e.g.    The waste, according to the people there, has already found its way into the drinking water. 5. 当each,many a修饰两个用and连接的单数名词时，物主代词用his。 e.g.    Each man and woman must sign his full name before entering the examination room. Many a book and novel has its real meaning. 历年真题： 1. The weather in China is different from ______.                  A. America          B. in America            C. that in America    D. one in America 2. “Which do you want, the red one or the black one?” “______. How about showing me another?” A. Either              B. Both                C. Neither          D. None 3. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, ______ of them answered it. A. either                B. none                C. neither          D. nobody           4. We wanted a new table for dinner, so my father bought ______ from a furniture store yesterday. A. itself                B. one                C. himself          D. another        5. You may depend on ______he will not repeat his mistakes. A. it that              B. that              C. him that      D. which  that 练习： 1. We learn the food of the plants is different from ______ of animals.    A. that                B. which              C. this            D. what      2. The climate here is often said to be similar to ______.    A. Japan              B. one of Japan        C. that of Japan     D. in Japan 3. ______ in the class has been asked to have his lunch in the dinning-hall.              A. Every of the students                      B. Each of the students C. The each student                          D. The every student 4. The family never agree about ______ shares of the property.        A. her                B. its                  C. their          D. his 5. When Jonathan went to Spain with his sister, he bought a leather coat for her and another for ______.                        A. him                B. himself              C. he            D. his 6. My desk is ______.                  A. between his          B. between his one        C. beside his one     D. beside his 7. ______ of the buildings were ruined.                  A. Three fourth          B. Three four          C. Three-fourths     D. Three-four Translation： 1. 一个人也可以自己庆祝自己的胜利。 2. 我听说她自学英语。 3. 艾丽斯想在窥镜中看到自己。 4. 昨天那个罪犯在北京郊区自杀了。 5. 上海的人口比北京的人口多。 6. 我们当中在该化工厂工作的人应做肺部X光。 7. 如果有人来了，请他等着。 答案： 历年真题：1-5 CCCBA 练习：1-5 ACBCB  6-7 DC 翻译： 1. One can congratulate oneself on one's victories. 2. I heard that she taught herself English. 3. Alice wanted to see herself in the looking glass. 4. The criminal killed himself in the suburb of Beijing yesterday. 5. The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 6. Those of us who work in that chemical plant should have our lungs X-rayed. 7. If anyone comes, please ask him to wait.  第十五章  挑错 历年真题： 一．平行结构 1. Arriving for the lecture early is better than to take the chance of being late.          A                  B        C              D 2. In Hawaii, people are friendly and always warmly welcomed visitors.     A                  B              C      D  3. At school Li Ming ran into many problems, such as choosing classes and to handle his time. A                B                        C                D 4. We were young men when we first met in London, poor, struggle, full of hope and ideas.                     A        B                  C      D 5. He finds it easier to do the cooking himself than teaching his wife to cook.           A                B                  C              D 二．主动式 被动式  6. These part-time students expect to offer some jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation.                        A            B          C        D      7. Comparing with the weather of last winter, it is much milder and more pleasant this winter.       A                  B              C                          D 8. Mara Dona will face a possible prison term if finding guilty on the shooting charges.                 A                    B    C        D 9. Once giving a set of instructions, a computer can gather a wide range of information for A  B                                    C different purposes. D                  10. If you try to learn too many things at a time you may get confusing. A        B              C                D 11. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help persuading into buying A                                B          C something they don’t really need. D   三．固定搭配 12. He was so excited after hearing the news and he could not fall asleep immediately.       A                          B    C                D (2004-4-50) 13. You will not able to pass the examination unless you work harder than you do now.         A                          B            C          D (2004-4-51)  14. Little children will listen what people say and try to imitate what they hear.                    A      B                C        D (2006-4-50) 四．倒装  15. Only when it started to rain he noticed that he had left his raincoat somewhere.               A            B            C                D (2004-4-52)  16. “Never I have heard such a thing in my life!” said the old man.                  A      B          C              D                    (2006-4-50) 17. The waste, according to the people there, has already found their way into the drinking water. A                          B        C          D (2004-4-53)  18. Factory workers had to work very hard before, so had farmers.     A          B            C      D (2008-4-51)            五．疑问代词+不定式 19. Advertising gives useful information about which products to buying         A                              B    C        D    (2004-11-46) 六．介词    20. You can see the whole city for miles from here in a clear day.                  A                  B      C    D      (2006-4-50) 21. Between you and I, we have had an eye on him for some time, and he might be a runaway.             A          B          C                      D    (2004-11-53)  22. As soon as we’ve finished supper, we’ll all go to downtown to see the Sound of Music.        A        B                C    D (2005-11-47)    23. Her name sounds familiar with me but I can’t tell who she is at the moment.                    A          B          C      D                  (2005-11-50) 24. We should start at once and not waste too much time to argue about the procedure.                   A                B            C      D (2006-4-51)      25. We saw a big dog that was fierce and felt frightened in our way home.  A                            B      C  D          (2006-4-50) 26. He is a true friend of mine, whom I can always depend whenever I get into trouble.           A          B                      C              D (2006-11-50)                七．主谓一致 27. According to our estimate, only one out of three company managers have been trained in the         A                        B                        C field of management.                      D (2005-4-47) 28. People complain that the cost of setting up a company are so great                              A      B              C that only the rich can afford to run a company in the country.                           D            (2004-11-52)    29. The director and manager of the department are very strict with the employees.                A            B                  C          D        (2005-11-52)  30. This is such a beautiful day that everyone around us feel like going out for a walk. A                            B      C      D (2006-11-53) 31. What does Mr. Johnson like? He’s a friendly sort of man. I like to       A                          B          C      D work with him. (2008-4-55)                                    八．非谓语动词 32. Being felt that she had done something wonderful, she sat down to rest. A feeling active form.       A          B          C                    D (2005-4-52)              33. Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years.     A                      B      C                      D (2005-4-50)                34. How could you make such a little child to help you carry the big box?            A            B            C        D          (2005-11-46) 35. I really appreciate you recommended me to that company in time.                    A          B              C          D (2005-11-48)  36. Looking from another angle, the painting would show something different.  A                B                C        D (2005-11-54)  37. I am looking forward to receive your letter!” she said happily.         A          B  C                      D (2004-11-50) 38. He refused joining us last Saturday night. Don't you think it strange? A      B                        C            D (2007-11-50)            39. If you had been there, I'm sure you would have enjoyed to see the Chinese Team win. A                        B          C                  D (2007-11-52)                  40. There will be more than three hundreds students taking part in the sports meet. A                B                C                D (2008-4-48)      41. The boy did not have to leave the next day because he got his visa extending.                       A          B                  C          D (2008-4-54)        九．虚拟语气 42. He wished he didn’t tell her the truth that brought her so much pain.          A        B              C              D      (2006-11-48) 43. He will not do it had he known how serious the outcome would be.                    A            B          C                D          (2005-11-49) 44. “Shall I give you a cheque for $10?” “I’d rather you give me $10 in notes.”        A                    B                C          D (2006-4-52)  45. It is very important that the students’ voice is heard by the authorities of all our schools.     A                                B          C          D (2006-11-52)      46. We are all for your proposal that the discussion is to be put off. A    B              C                    D (2008-4-50)            十．词性 47. Rice has been a basically food for millions of people for hundreds of years.              A      B                C              D              (2005-11-51) 十一．定语从句 48. The room, which window faces the south, is the nicest one of all on this floor.                A          B              C            D    (2006-11-49) 49. Research shows that employees whose obtain satisfaction from their jobs are more productive .       A                      B          C                            D (2005-11-53)  50. The old man will never forget the event, that has changed his life ever since.                  A                  B    C                D      (2006-4-49) 51. He didn’t dare to leave the house for fear someone would recognize him soon.            A      B              C                    D (2006-11-46) 52. Teenagers always long for the time which they are able to be  independent. A            B          C          D (2007-11-47)            十二．代词 53. This morning I heard on the radio which the steel industry has decided to give its employees a                       A        B                          C    10% raise in pay.                                        D                                      (2006-4-46) 54. Not knowing the language and having no friends in the country, he found impossible to get a A                      B                            C          D job. (2006-4-47)  55. The girl her father is a famous pianist learned to play the piano when she was a small child.           A      B                C        D (2006-4-55)        56. After she got married, Lily went to see her mother each other week. A        B            C                  D (2008-4-47)            十三．时态 57. After his graduation from the university, he has worked in a famous computer company. A        B      C                    D (2004-4-55)  58. After driving twenty miles, he suddenly realized that he has been driving in a wrong direction.           A                          B              C      D (2006-4-53)              十四．反意疑问句 59. Let’s go and watch that new movie at eight tonight, won’t we?     A          B                        C      D  (2006-11-51) 60. Let's hurry up and try to get to the railway station in time, can we? A                  B                  C      D (2007-11-49)              十五．形容词、副词的级 61. Of the two lectures, the first was by far the best one, partly because the person who delivered it                       A                B                                    C had such a pleasant voice.                          D                      (2005-4-46) 62. Today we have made great achievements, but tomorrow we shall win still great victories.               A          B                          C          D (2005-4-48)        十六．强调句 63. It is in his spare time when Robert teaches himself English and Japanese.    A  B            C                D (2004-11-51) 64. It was in this school where he had studied for four years.          A      B      C                  D                (2005-4-51) 十七．连词 65. We will have to put off our departure in the case it rains.            A        B              C        D    (2006-4-54) 66. You will feel inconvenient in Japan if you can either speak Japanese nor English.       A                      B        C    D          (2006-11-55) 练习： 1. At no time and under no circumstances China will be the first to use nuclear weapons. A                                  B        C    D 2. Neither John and his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.               A                    B        C      D 3. The development of industry has also brought about large numbers of problems which                               A          B                          C have to solve. D 4. As time went on, he suffered such heavy losses that he was forced giving up his business. A        B                C                          D 5. Mary found it difficult to talk calmly about which she had experienced at the station.                 A          B          C            D 6. Some people find swimming more enjoyable than to sit at home reading.                               A            B  C        D 7. The law I am referring to requires that everyone who owns a car has accident insurance.               A                          B  C      D 8. The responsibility of the manager in such a large international enterprise is far greater                         A          B                          C than his typist.   D 9. The course would have been offered this term, but it cancelled because too few students                   A                      B had registered before registration closed.  C                      D 10. In the days when coal was so widely used, no one realized how soon and how complete                       A        B                            C oil would replace it.             D 11. It is driving on the left what causes visitors to Britain the most trouble.       A    B      C                          D    12. Many of the society’s wealth is controlled by large corporations and government agencies.   A                          B              C                      D 13. The simplest kind of plant, alike the simplest kind of animal, consists of only one cell.       A                  B                            C      D 14. Despite they are small , the horses are strong and have great energy.       A          B                C      D 15. A student is allowed to enter into this room only if a teacher has given permission.               A      B              C          D 16. He jumped over the fence, ran across the field, and disappearing into the woods.         A    B              C                D 17. Find answers to these question is something like a detective story.         A    B            C          D 18. A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition which they saw many  A                      B                          C        D new products. 19. The news coming from different parts of the world are often extremely discouraging these               A          B                C              D days. 答案： 历年真题：1-5 CDBCC  6-10 AACAD  11-15 BBAAB  16-20 BCDDD  21-25 ACBCC           26-30 CCCCC  31-35 AABCB  36-40 ABBCB  41-45 DBACB           46-50 DBABB  51-55 CBBCA  56-60 DACDD  61-65 BDCCC  66 C 练习：1-5 BADDC  6-10 BDDBC  11-15 CABAB  16-19 DACC