将来进行时

Unit 7 , Unit 9 I. Grammer 一、将来进行时 1. 构成: will ，be，V..ing shall Ishall not ,shan't shall/will (not) ，be，V.ing Wewill not,won'tYou, ,They,, Hewill (not) ，be，V.ing, ,She , ,It, 复习:现在分词的构成 ?. 在一般的动词后加ing study,studying ?. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加ing take,taking ?. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写 辅音字母再加 ing. stop,stopping cut,cutting I Shall，be，V.ing ...? we you, ,they,, will，be，V.ing ...?he , ,she , ,it, 2. 用法: 将来进行时用来表示在将来的某一个时间正在进行的动作和按计划、安排、决定预料将要发生的事。 将来进行时还可以用来表示有礼貌的询问、请求等。 e.g. 下个星期的这时候，我们将在那个工厂劳动。 This time next week we shall be working in that factory. 明天下午三点，我们将正在开会。 We’ll be having a meeting at three o’clock tomorrow afternoon. 你将什么时候见怀特先生 ,,语气较委婉客气，下属对上司, When will you be seeing Mr. White? 今天晚上七点，学生们将正在看电视。 The students will be watching TV at seven this evening. 二、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别。 1. 构成上的区别: willwill ，be，V.ing ，V. shallshall2. 用法上的区别: 将来进行时通常表示的是对将来事实的简单陈述。 而will+V. (一般将来时)除表示时间概念外，还带有感情色彩。 e.g. 汤姆明天将正在割草。 Tom will be cutting grass tomorrow. 汤姆明天愿意割草。 Tom will cut the grass tomorrow. 三、将来完成时: 1. 构成 will ，have，p.p.(过去分词) shall I shall/will (not) ，have，p.p. We You They will (not) ，have，p.p.He She It 在疑问句时只需将第一个助动词放在句首即可。 2. 用法: 将来完成时主要表示在将来的某一时刻之前已经完成的动作，这一动作也可能继续进行。 常与by+时间名词连用，也常与表示完成意义的动词,build, complete, finish等,连用。 e.g. 到上床睡觉的时间，小明会做完他的工作。 Before bedtime Xiao Ming will have completed his work. 到明年二月这个外国专家在这做这项工作就满五年了。 By February next year this foreign expert will have been here on this job for five years. 四. 过去进行时: 1. 构成, be,was/were was/were + V.ing (现在分词) I, ,He, was ，V.ing was not,wasn't, She, ,It, We Youwere ，V.ing were not,weren't They 疑问句把was/were放在名首即可。 e.g. 昨天下午他们正在踢足球。 They were playing football yesterday afternoon. They weren’t playing football yesterday afternoon. Were they playing football yesterday afternoon? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t. 2. 用法, a. 过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正 在进行的动作，过去进行时常与一般过去时配合使用，过去 进行时表示过去时的时间背景，也可以互为时间背景。 e.g. 一年前，他们住在上海，他的母亲因病去世。 A year ago they were living in Shanghai, his mother fell ill and passed away. 我们吃饭的时候，灯灭了。 While we were having supper, all the lights went out. b. 过去进行时常与always, continually, frequently等词 连用，表示过去经常发生的行为。 e.g. 这位老人常忘记把钥匙放在什么地方了。 The old man was always mislaying his keys. 过去兄弟俩常吵架。 The two brothers were frequently quarreling. 五. 过去将来时: 1. 构成: should/would+V.(动词原形) Ishould not,shouldn't should/would，V Wewould not,wouldn't You, ,They,, Hewould，V., ,She , ,It, 2. 用法: 过去将来时表示就过去某个时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 e.g. 他说他要去上海渡假。 He said that he would go to Shanghai for the holiday. 我跟他说，我会到车站去给他送行。 I told him that I would see him off at the station. 3. 过去将来时常用的其他五种方式, a. was/were going to +V.(动词原形) 打算,准备,做某事 e.g. 他们曾经打算开个会。 They were going to have a meeting. b.was/were about to +v. 刚要做某事 eg.我刚要出去，来了一个朋友。 I was about to go out when a friend dropped in. c. was/were to + V. 打算做某事 e.g. 我们打算三天内完成任务。 We were to finish the work in three days. d. was/were due to do sth. 打算做做事,与时刻表，计划有 关, e.g. 船定于第二天早晨很早就起航。 The ship was due to sail early the following morning. e. 用过去进行时表示过去将来, come, go, leave, start, meet etc e.g. 他说他晚上来。 He said that he was coming that night. 六. 过去完成时: 1. 构成,had+p.p. ,过去分词, I, ,We, ,You , Theyhad，p.p., ,He 过去分词的构成,略, , She, ,It, had not=hadn’t 2. 用法: 过去完成时表示在过去某个时间以前就已经完成的动作。这是最基本的用法。 过去完成时还可以表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间止，或者继续延续下去。 过去完成时常用在间接引语中。 e.g. 到昨天晚上，他已经写完那封信了。 By yesterday evening, he had written that letter. 我认为我从前见过她。 I thought that I had met her before. II. Language points: Unit 7: 1. no longer “不再是” = not any longer. e.g. 他已不在这里住了。 He no longer lives here. He does not live here any longer. 2. across prep./adv. 横过，穿过，从一端到另一端 e.g. 这条河有十英尺宽。 The river is ten feet across. 注意,与through从一端到另一端的区别 through 指事物的内部经过，从一端边进去，从另一端出 来。 e.g. 水流过这根管子。 Water flows through this pipe. 3. timetable 时刻表，计划表或课程表。 schedule 时刻表，程序表，进度表。 工厂生产进度表 a factory production schedule 4. Translate the four sentences on page 117 into Chinese: 1. I’ll be waiting for you at the cinema at three o’clock tomorrow afternoon.. 2. By the end of this year we’ll have saved 50,000 yuan. You must share the spending with Wang Tong. 3. What? Leave you here? Not on your life. 4. We can’t live here any longer.。 5. III. Language points: Unit 8: 1. straight away ,straight off 立刻，马上 ,at once ,right away =immediately e.g. 我马上把车停下来。 I stopped my lorry straight away. 2. stare v. 常与at 连用。 表示在惊奇，恐惧或深思时，凝视，盯着看，眼睛一动也 不动。 e.g. 他坐在一边凝视着天花板思考。 He sat staring at the floor, thinking. stare, gaze, glare的区别 glare v. 发出强烈的光 瞪着眼看， 那两个男孩站在那里怒目相视。 That two boys stood there glaring at each other. ※gaze V. 目不转睛地看,强调目光的专注, e.g. 他们注视到我，不知道我是谁。 They gazed at me, wondering who I was. 3. crash v. 猛坠，猛撞，突发巨响，突发意外 e.g. 电光闪烁，雷声轰鸣。 The lighting flashed and the thunder crashed. 汽车撞在了墙上。 The car crashed into the wall. 4. cross v. 越过，穿过，交叉 n. 十字架或形似十字架的东西。 e.g. 她在纸上画了十字架。 She made the sign of the cross on paper. 桥在河面最窄处横跨河流。 The bridge crosses the river at its narrowest point. 1. They were sleeping when I entered the room. 2. He was listening to the radio while he was having lunch. 3. I was wondering, Li Ming, if you could buy a newspaper for me when you are out. 4. He was walking so fast that he didn’t even notice his wife. 5. At that time, I was on the corner and saw the accident. Three people were badly injured.They were screaming in pain. IV. Language points: Unit 9: 1. in order to = so as to 为了，以便 e.g. 我为了赶上火车才来这么早。 I come so early in order to catch the train. 她为了不让别人看见把门关上了。 She closed the door so as not to be seen. in order that=so that (从句中往往用may) e.g. 为了让学生们都能听清，王老师讲话的声音很大。 Mr. Wang spoke very loudly in order that the students might all hear him. 2. due adj. 用法如下, a. “欠的，就给的”表示欠某人的情或债，后常接to. e.g. 我应该衷心感谢我的朋友。 My grateful thanks are due to her. b. (按时间)应到达的，预期的或应该干某事，后一种用法与 to连接。 e.g. 公共汽车应该三点钟到。 The bus is due here at 3 o’clock. 约翰很快就该离开了。 John is due to leave very soon. due作为介词意为,“因为，由于……而起，这种用法的 常用结构为, 主语，be，due to e.g. 我们的成功归功于我们的一贯努力。 Our success is due to our ever-lasting hard work. 3. intend v. 计划，有意干某事，原打算干某事。 e.g. 虽然不是有意，但我还是犯了错。 I’ve made a mistake though I did not intend to. 4. propose v. 建设，提议 =suggest e.g. 我建议休息十分钟 I propose that we have a ten-minute break. 1. I’ve been waiting for her for an hour. I don’t think he’ ll turn up. 2. I was just about to fall asleep when there was a knock at the door. 3. When Zhang Hui got to the station, the train had already left. 4. He must have a happy family. 5. He was made Minister of Health in 1975.