研究生下Unit1

nullnull Unit 1 Human Cloningnull 1.Clone ['kləun] n. An exact copy of an animal or plant created in a laboratory from the animal’s or plant’s DAN 可隆 例句： It's a biological system that you've engineered from taking cells from one organism and cloning them and developing a whole other organism. 所谓生物系统的工程化,就是从一种生物体内中取出细胞并克隆,将它们培养成为有机整体null 2 .genetically [dʒi'netikli] adv. a genetically modified substance or crop has had its genetically structure changed in order to make it more suitable for a particular purpose 转基因的，有基因决定的 null3. therapeutic [θerə'pju:tik] adj. designed to help treat an illness 治疗的治疗学的；有益于健康的 例句： 1） Another example of using this technique is to produce therapeutic proteins from cloned DNA and I'm going to describe this one. 另一个运用到此技术的例子就是,从克隆的基因中制造治疗性的蛋白质,我会具体说这个例子 2） scientists went to investigate the therapeutic effects of acupuncture. 科学家们想研究针灸的治疗效果。 3）a therapeutic treatment /drug 有疗效的治疗、药物null 4. reproductive [,ri:prə'dʌktiv] adj. producing new life or offspring 生殖的；再生的；复制的 例句： 1) Francois Venter is a senior director in the Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit at the University of Witwatersrand. 2) This is a picture of the female reproductive tract. null5. implication [,impli'keiʃən] n. ( for /of sth) a possible effect or result of an action or a decision 可能的影响( 或作用；结果） 例句： 1）The development of the site will have implication for the surrounding countryside. 这个地区开发将会影响周围的乡村。 2）They failed to consider the wide implications of their action. 他们没有考虑到他们的行动会产生更广泛的影响。null6. socio-ethical 社会道德的 7. convoluted ['kɔnvə,lu:tid] adj 1) very complicated, or more complicated that necessary错综复杂的；过分复杂的： 例句： The novel’s convoluted storyline 小说错综复杂的故事情节。 2）mainly literary a convoluted shape or surface has many twists and curves 盘绕的；回旋的卷曲的null8. kinship ['kinʃip] n. 1) a strong feeling of being connected with another person or group of people 同感；亲切感 例句： Many Russian feel a kinship with their fellow Slavs, the Serbs 许多俄罗斯人对他们的斯拉夫伙伴赛尔维亚人有同情感。 2) the fact of being related to someone 家属关系；亲属关系 null9. eliminate [i'limineit] V 1） to get rid of something that is not wanted or needed 消除；除根 例句： (1) Many infectious disease have been virtually eliminated. 事实上许多传染病已经被根除了。 (2) eliminate sth from sth He has had to eliminate dairy products from his diet. 他不得不在饮食上杜绝乳制品。 2)to decide that someone or something is not responsible for something 排除 例句： (1) We have eliminated the possibility that someone started the fire deliberately. 我们已经排除了有人故意纵火的可能性。 (2) eliminate sb from your inquires= believe they are innocent 把某人排出调查范围 例句： Police who interviewed the man are eliminating him from their inquiries. 访谈过这名男子的警察正在把他排出调查范围。null10. replicating 'replikit; 'replikeit] v.t to do or make something again in the same way as before 复制； 重做 11. staple of ['steipl] a regular and important part or feature of something 主要内容；主要产品 12. verge [və:dʒ] n. almost be in a particular state边缘 例句： 1）The test was so difficult it was verging on the ridiculous. 这次测验难倒近乎荒唐的地步。 2）Japan is on the verge of a reluctant revolution. 日本正处在一场非自愿革命的边缘。 3) But the world's biggest economy does not seem on the verge of a second recession. 但是世界最大的经济体似乎并不是处在第二次衰退的边缘上。null13. brought forth v. . 1. bring into existence 2. bring out for display 3. bring forth or yield 4. make children 例句： 1）Polluted water might bring forth a lot of diseases. 受到污染的水可能会引发多种疾病。 2) Let the earth, nourished by rain; bring forth flowers to surround us with beauty. 就让那雨水滋润著大地；并让花卉围绕著我们而添份美丽。 3) The giants of management education have laboured mightily to bring forth a molehill. 管理教育领域的巨人们竭尽全力搞出来的只是些毫无意义的东西。null14. embryo ['embriəu] N. 1. an animal or human before it is born, when it is beginning to develop and grow 胚胎 2. the beginning of something such as a plan or idea 萌芽期；初期 例句： Planning is still in its embryo stages. 仍处于萌芽期。 15. uterus ['ju:tərəs] n. a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females; contains the developing fetus 16. derived from [di‘raivd] 来源于 null17. endangered species n. 濒临绝种的动植物 a species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction 例句： Charity is for diseases and endangered species. Real estate is not on the list, at least not in New York. 慈善事业的对象是疾病和濒危物种。可不包括房地产，至少在纽约不是。 18. why bother 短语 Why Even Bother我们为何还要烦心；何必多此一举；为什么甚至不屑 Why Bother To Learn为什么要学习 Why Bother Like This何苦乃尔 Why Bother To Ask何苦去追问 Why bother her?干嘛打扰她 And Why Bother又何必去 Why Bother?为何对此费心；乡村蓝调 Why Bother Them为什么讨厌他们；为什么要打扰他们 Why Bother With Airfoils为什么理会翼型null19. breakthrough ['breikθru:] n. a discovery or achievement that comes after a lot of hard work 突破；突破性进展 例句： 1Detectives are still waiting for a breakthrough in their investigations. 侦探仍在等待调查能有所突破。 2.Scientists predict a major breakthrough within six months. 科学家预测在6个月内会有重大突破。 null短语 Breakthrough point 突破点，贯穿点 Make a breakthrough有重大发展或突破 Breakthrough technology 突破性技术 20. organ transplants. 【医学】器官移植 例句： It's the reason why you can't do organ transplants between people that aren't immunologically matched. 这也就是器官移植,无法在免疫不匹配的个体间进行的原因 null21. genetic code： the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells [遗] 遗传密码；基因序列 例句： 1）The genetic code is said to be degenerate because I can read in one direction. 遗传密码的这种性质称为简并性,我可以从一个方向去解读 2）Just like people have a genetic code, perhaps, that gives us various instructions that we begin to follow out, or certain innate psychology or what have you. 就像人类拥有基因编码,给我们传达各种各样,得以遵循的指示,或者是某种与生俱来的心理,等等。null22.Alzheimer’s disease 老年痴呆症 23. Parkinson’s disease帕金森症 帕金森病，是发生在中年以上常见的神经系统变性疾病。主要病变在黑质和纹状体通路，因多巴胺生成减少，导致静止性震颤、肌张力增高、运动迟缓。本病多发生于50－60岁以上的中老年人，但在遗传分型中也有家族性和少年性帕森病。男性稍多于女性。发病率约占全部病人的75－80％。null24. infertile [in'fə:tail, -til] adj. 1. not physically able to have children不能生殖的 2.infertile land is not very good for growing crops 贫瘠的；不肥沃的 3.producingno good or useful results 结果不好的；结果无用的 25. offspring ['ɔfspriŋ, 'ɔ:-] n. someone’s child or children 子女；子孙；后代 26. infant ['infənt] n. a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk 婴儿；幼儿；未成年人null27 .eternal [i'tə:nəl] adj 1.continuing forever or for a very long time 永久的；永恒的 2. seeming to continue for too long 无休止的； 没完没了的 例句： God and humans lock in an eternal struggle, neither prevailing, yet both forever changed by their encounter with one another. 上帝与人类陷入一场永恒的战争，谁也不占上峰，但是他们相遇时却一直会引起改变。null28. tolerate ['tɔləreit] vt. to allow someone to do something that you do not like or approve of 忍受；默许；宽恕 例句： 1）Rude behaviour will no longer be tolerated. 将不再容忍粗鲁的行为。 2）Tolerate sb doing sth He won’t tolerate anyone questioning his decisions. 他不容忍别人对他的决定提出质疑。 29. dilemma [di'lemə, ,dai-] n, state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options 困境；进退两难；两刀论法 例句： Now, in writing in these genres, Milton is, of course, confronted with a dilemma. He's a humanist scholar. 当然，弥尔顿用这种风格来写，就会面临一种窘境，他是一位人文主义学者。null30.fool-proof a fool proof method, plan, or system is so well designed that it cannot go wrong or is certain to succeed( ，计划，系统等得）万无一失，肯定成功 例句 He devised what he thought was a foolproof plan. 他设计了一个自己以为万无一失的。null30.discard [dis'kɑ:d, 'diskɑ:d] v. to get rid of something that you no longer want or need 丢弃 1.Now in these two books we've seen Milton dig up and discard just about the entire tradition of epic poetry. 现在在我们看到的两册书中弥尔顿,挖出并丢弃了所有史诗的传统。 2.He manages to discard that youthful, that uncouth, affection for chastity that had been such a part of his imagination, and he marries a young woman named Mary Powell. 他抛弃了那个年少无知，粗鄙的，对于纯洁的热爱，这曾是他想象的一部分，并且他和一个名为玛丽鲍威尔的女人结婚了。null31. defective [di'fektiv] adj. not made correctly or not working correctly 有缺点的；有毛病的 例句： 1.The ancients, he believes, operated with a defective understanding of human freedom. 他认为古人对,何为人的自由的理解是不完整的。 2.One way is to replace a gene that's defective in a disease. 其中之一是置换,导致某种疾病的缺陷基因null32. abnormality [,æbnɔ:'mæliti] n. 异常；畸形，变态 1. an abnormal condition 2. retardation sufficient to fall outside the normal range of intelligence 3. marked strangeness as a consequence of being abnormal 4. behavior that breaches the rule or etiquette or custom or morality 例句： Now there are two types of diabetes, as you may know, there's Type I Diabetes which is a genetic abnormality that usually shows up in childhood or adolescents where people are dependent on insulin. 你们可能知道,糖尿病有两种类型,Ⅰ型糖尿病是由基因异常引起的,在儿童和青少年中较为多见,患这种病需要长期依赖胰岛素null33. euthanize ['ju:θənaiz] vt 使安乐死；对…施无痛致死术 The practice of killing a very old or very ill person without causing them pain. When someone in this condition asks to be killed ,the practice is called voluntary euthanasia. 例句： 1.Obama is a Kenyan-born Nazi Muslim planning to euthanize seniors while putting them in concentration camps. 奥巴马是肯尼亚出生的纳粹穆斯林，他想把老人们都送进集中营，并对他们处以安乐死。 2.Zoo officials decided to euthanize Jenny on Thursday night because of an inoperable tumor in her stomach. 由于詹妮胃部肿瘤无法实行手术治疗，动物园的官员决定于周四晚对詹妮进行安乐死。null34. handicap['hændikæp] n. A physical or mental injury or illness that is severe and permanent.( disability)缺陷 例句： 1.Such struggles will also handicap Mr Ahmadinejad in economic and foreign policy. 这些争斗也会给内贾德的经济和外交政策添加障碍。 2.To overcome this handicap, AMD would have to price its processors below cost, and perhaps even pay its customers. 为了克服这种障碍，AMD不得不将它的处理器低于成本定价，并可能甚至付款给它的客户。null35. conceive [kən'si:v] v ( often passive) to think of something such as a few idea, plan , or design构思，设想 例句： 1.The natural desire for fame seated in the breast of every true scholar usually pushes him to make haste by the readiest way of publishing and divulging conceived merits. 每个真正的学者本质上都极度渴望成名,这使得他们匆匆发那些,还未成形的文章。 2.The facilities had been conceived with families in mind.在构思设计这些设施时已把家庭考虑在内了。 3.The exhibition was originally conceived as a tribute to Scott’s family. 这个展览会最初是为了纪念斯科特家族而设计的。null 36 clamor ['klæmə] n An urgent request for something by a lot of people 强烈要求，大声疾呼 例句： There is a growing clamor fro a ban on genetically modified foods. 要求禁止卖基因食品的呼声越来越高。null37. pro-life ['prəu'laif] adj. advocating full legal protection of embryos and fetuses (especially opposing the legalization of induced abortions) 反堕胎的；反对人工流产合法化的；主张保护胎儿权利的 例句： 1）You pro-life of a woman is a man of his quality, and laid the concept daughter lives of men. 父亲是一个女人生命中的第一个男人，他的素质如何，奠定了女儿一生的男人观。 2）Some pro-life Democrats, such as Bart Stupak of Michigan, bridle because they think the Senate bill would use public funds to pay for abortions. 一些反堕胎的民主党人，比如密歇根州的巴特·斯图帕克，因为担心参议院的议案会使用公共资金支付堕胎费用而犹豫不决。 3）Though it will take tact and sensitivity to persuade pro-life Democrats to back his health bill, pious progressives will praise him to the heavens if he manages it. 尽管劝说反堕胎的民主党人支持他的医疗法案需要机智和悟性，但要是他做到了，虔诚的进步人士会把他捧上天的。null 38. acquaint [ə'kweint] v To give someone information about something 介绍，了解 例句： We aim to acquaint policy makers with some of these issues 我们旨在让政策制定者们认识到这些问题中的一部分。null39.theological [,θi:ə'lɔdʒikəl] adj relating to the study of God and religion 神学的， 宗教的 例句： Some said that his words were commonplace others complained of his want of theological doctrine. 有的人说，他的话都是老生常谈，可还有的人抱怨他没有神学上的主义。null40 irrespective [,iri'spektiv] adv. in spite of everything; without regard to drawbacks 无关的；不考虑的；不顾的 例句： Of two pleasures, if there be one to which all or almost all who have experience of both give a decided preference, irrespective of any feeling of moral obligation to prefer it -- in other words, no outside, no independent standard -- then, that is the more desirable pleasure." 这两种快乐中，如果所有或几乎所有,两种都体验过的人，都更偏好其中一种，而且并不是出于任何道德责任-,换句话说，没有外界的，独立的标准影响-,那么该快乐就是更令人满意的。null41. pros and cons 正反两方面；赞成者和反对者 42 extinction [ik'stiŋkʃən] n. The situation when an animal, plant, or language no longer exists ( 动。植物 或语言的)灭绝 绝种 消失 例句： And, in fact, once you teach an animal something, if you stop doing the teaching the response goes away and this is known as extinctionnull43. advocate ['ædvəkeit, 'ædvəkət] n.. a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea 拥护者 例句： I thought the meeting was to discuss the school's new online honor codes. Yes, well , I'm crashing it to advocate for my daughter. 我以为开这会,是要讨论校园网的新荣誉准则呢。没错，为了拥护我女儿，我要让它垮台。 44. put forth提出；发表；null45 .resort [ri'zɔ:t] v To do something extreme or unpleasant in order to solve a problem 求助于 例句： I think we can solve this problem without resorting to legal action.我认为我们可以不用诉诸法律就能解决这个问题。 46. tissue ['tiʃju:; -sju:] The substance that animal and plant cells are made of ( 动植物细胞的) 组织 例句： Why has it been so hard and why does it continue to be difficult to identify these pluripotent cells within tissues? [pluə'ripətənt] 多能性的 为什么会那么难呢,为什么在组织中识别多能干细胞,始终困难重重呢null47. trait [trei; treit] n. A particular quality in someone’s character 个性， 特征 例句： So basically, at the time he was just going on size and then traits, but what we actually know today is that we can also order things in the periodic table by electron configuration. 基本上，在当时他只能通过大小,和特性来进行，但是现在我们已经知道了,我们还可以通过电子排布来对它们进行排序.null48. interfering [,intə'fiəriŋ] adj Deliberately involving yourself in other people’s lives and trying to influence the way they behave , although you have no right to do this 好干涉，爱管闲事的 例句： Many of us would find that was, as I say, a burden-- something hanging constantly over us interfering with our ability to enjoy life. 我们许多人都会发现那是，像我说的那样，一种负担-,它一直笼罩着我们,影响着我们享受生活的能力。 49.procreation [,prəukri'eiʃən] n. To produce babies or young animals 生育，繁殖 例句： Creation is always the result of procreation in some way, male and female principles combining. 从某些方面来说，创造常常是生殖的结果，是男性和女性的结合。null50. ponder ['pɔndə] v. To think carefully about something for a long time before reaching a decision 仔细，考虑， 斟酌 例句： Hope you both enjoy the show. And if not, you can ponder why You thought coming here together was a good idea. 但愿你们能好好享受这个秀。如果没有，那你就该思考,当初为什么要一起来这里吧。 51.supreme [sju'pri:m, sə-] adj. Most important or powerful 最高的， 最强有力的， 至高的 例句： The biblical god in this story, which I hope you have read, is presented as being supreme and unlimited. 《圣经》中的上帝，但愿你们都曾读过，他是至高无上，无量无边的。null52. entity ['entəti] n. that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving) . 实体；存在；本质 例句： Israel's past and present and future generations form a collective entity, Israel, that collectively assents to the covenant. 犹太人的过去，现在，未来形成了一个共同的存在，全体犹太人都赞成这个契约。 I'm asking is that the very same extended-through-time entity as the extended-through-time entity that I used to own. I wonder. 我问的是,现在的这个贯穿时间的物体,是不是当年我拥有的,贯穿时间的物体。null53． mammal ['mæməl] n. any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk [脊椎] 哺乳动物 例句：You could do the same thing in mammals and here's one quick example of that, using a different kind of a vector, but inserting a gene into the fertilized egg of a mammal, in this case, a sheep.你也能在哺乳动物上做到同样的效果,这里有另一个简短的例子,用了另一种载体,把一段基因注入哺乳动物的受精卵中,在这里我们用了绵羊。null54.intricate ['intrikət] adj. having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate 复杂的；错综的，缠结的 例句： 1）Instead he develops a highly intricate theory of how he's going to use slavery to saveblack people. 但他发明了一套非常复杂的理论,是关于如果通过奴隶制解放黑奴的 2） There are myriad weapons, vehicles and strategies to master, not to mention an extremely intricate backstory. oh cool. Whose head did I just blow off? 要学习无数种武器，交通工具，和战略战术，更别提复杂的故事背景了。好酷，我把谁的头打爆了？null55. evaluation [i,vælju'eiʃən] n. . 评价；[审计] 评估；估价；求值 1. act of ascertaining or fixing the value or worth of 2. an appraisal of the value of something 例句： 1）This is where evaluation comes in. The success or failure of a poem depends on the realization of meaning. 这时就需要评估介入了，一首诗好与坏,取决于它 含义表达是否清晰。 2）It's a transition, an evaluation of marriage that is not at all an easy one, however. There are debates. 这是一种转变，对婚姻的评价,那并不是一个简单的转变，当时也有争论。nullExercises . Vocabulary Still pending, for example, is the issue of joint exploitation of gas reserves in disputed waters, resolution of which would mark a big . She has shown no in intelligence or in disposition. So this week is a good time to whether America is becoming less exceptional.breakthroughabnormalitypondernull4. Zoo officials decided to Jenny on Thursday night because of an inoperable tumor in her stomach. This web of interactions is vital to the maintenance of our soil, air, and water quality. Manufacturers are also wrestling with a ______about where to cut production. Many things restrain India's economy, from a government that depends on Communist support to the system, power cuts and rigid labour laws. euthanizeintricatedilemmacastenull 8. Most red shirts swear blind that they stick to peaceful methods, even if they have to _____to disruptive sit-ins. Boil any items a toddler or baby might put in his mouth. stuffed toys, water-logged toys and non-cleanable toys. 10. Nevertheless, this journalism created a public for more missiles and was used by defence industry executives to press for purchases.resortDiscardclamornullCloze Test. Though the clones look alike, there are (1) as to whether the right cistron (gene) would be expressed at the right time. It is important to (2) _ that while a cloning process is carried out, the (3) that is being transferred has to be reprogrammed in such a way so as to make an impression that it (4) to an early cell. As compared to a naturally created embryo, the nucleus which has been transferred behaves (5) ___programmed by the scientiist oncerned. (6) , in an embryo that has been naturally created, there are (7) programs for each differentiated cell (8)uncertaintiesnotebelongsnucleusasWhereasdistinct according null to which the DNA expresses the gene. (9) the programming of the transferred nucleus exclusively (10) in the hands of the scientist and it is up to him to make the (11) nucleus behave like a natural one. The life (12) of the cloned animals is found to be comparatively (13) ___ as compared to their counterparts, in most cases. Also, it has been reported that cloned animals often have large (14) during their birth. This condition where the (15) animals Henceliestransferredspanlessorgansclonednull are bigger than their (16) is referred to as the "Large Offspring Syndrome" by scientists. Clones with such a syndrome not only have large organs but also those organs are quite (17) . This can effectively (18) the metabolic activities in the clone that could possibly give rise to various other problems including suffocation. There are also clones which do not have this LOS, yet, they develop (19) in the brain and in the kidney which could pose a greater threat in the later (20) . counterpartsabnormalinterru