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雅思听力_连字符问题

2011-12-28 3页 doc 52KB 19阅读

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雅思听力_连字符问题加连字符的 well-informed full-time part-time bag-packer high-rise2 non-drinker phone-in air-conditioner large-scale housing hard-hoofed animal drop-off water-skiing second-hand seven-screen self-defense pself-discipline Self-funded9 highly-trained self...
雅思听力_连字符问题
加连字符的 well-informed full-time part-time bag-packer high-rise2 non-drinker phone-in air-conditioner large-scale housing hard-hoofed animal drop-off water-skiing second-hand seven-screen self-defense pself-discipline Self-funded9 highly-trained self-sufficient little-known non-active double-grill re-sit blue-book final-examination open-book exam micro-biology (我不同意,本科论文时候没见外文文献这么写的) marine-biology touch-screen information service non-fiction CD-ROM semi-detached house bed-sit central air-conditioning: scuba-diving glass-bottom boat off-road driving four-wheel driving wild-life zoo hitch-hike non-open time take-away drive-in over-weight medium-built clean-shaven T-shirt take-off toll-free number Sino-Tibetan day-free centre 不加连字符的 flashlight loudspeaker Rainforest (书名) Skydome (场地名) Southwest washbasin clubhouse footbridge newsletter stopwatch` warehouse workplace workload fireplaces Microchip Microfilm postgraduates PowerPoint (分开小写就是电源插孔的意思了) setup update password website online (这个我有异议,卢俏梅的书上有两种,我也困惑中) firewall laptop armchair dishwasher cupboard sunrise/sunset(奇怪中,我怀疑这个单词的正确性) jellyfish sunglasses sandglasses(容易听混) landlady landlord sunlight sunscreen sunblock sunburnt waterfall wheelchair passport chequebook overdraft seafood eggplant pullover sunshield windscreen runaway hotline signpost handout deadline overpass underpass bookkeeping darkroom timetable upstairs headphones legroom midday sunshade footprints networking hstoreroom outline viewpoint wildlife outstanding feedback fieldwork helpdesk networkers subtopics videotape fnewspaper greenhouse milestone booklist downhill intake outcome reinforce workforce booklet ecosystem workshop showroom firewood craftsman. noticeboard. keyword healthcare eballroom bedsheet sportswear deyedrops painkiller sportsman helpline Sworthwhile housekeeping. watchdog soundproof shoplifter lookout 加连字符的 mid-morning second-hand close-up highly-trained staff part-time job seven-screen cinema North-West brother-in-law CD-ROM Library drop-off first-year student first-aid kit on-line shopping self-defense door-to-door high-energy snack self-funded four-course dinner low-risk investment note-taking non-fiction well-organized lock-up fast-food shop large-scale housing look-up point (观望点) wheelchair-access toilet mid-range mid-term double-grill tape-measure little-known 拼成一个单词 booklist seafood storehouse landlady waterfall rainfall bookshop videotape midday raincoat homework whiteboard flashlight bathroom lifestyle workshop workplace hardworking textbook warehouse sunlight fieldwork downhill stopwatch viewpoint landmark eyesight wheelchair legroom clubhouse sunglass sunshield guidebook bedsheet housekeeping maidservant rainforest overdraft laptop handwriting playground 一般来说 就是如果是形容词(或表修饰的单词)与名词连起来就加连字符 如果是单纯的名词加上名词就不需要连字符 英语复合词(compound words)是由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成,表达单一的语义概念,如:birth-control(生育),rainfall(降雨量),waterfall(瀑布),fireproof(防火的), sea green(象海一样绿的),等等。复合词在写法上一般有三种形式:粘写式,松散式和连字符式,很多复合词的书写形式可以是以上三种中的任何一种,如:oilfield,oil field,oil-field(油田)。一般地说,对于这三种书写形式的选择没有特别的规律可寻。为了更好体现复合词的语义单一性,越来越多的人选择粘写式,以便于从感官上使得复合词更像一个单词;松散式的写法很容易使人混淆复合词和词组的区别;那么何种情况更需要连字符书写式呢? 一、复合形容词作定语  1.句式复合形容词作定语,如:The do-what-you-can-and-take-what-you-need policy(各尽所能,按需分配的政策),a never-to-be-forgotten day(永远不会忘记的日子),the still-to-be-discovered elements(有待发现的元素),a damned-if-they-do-and-damned-if-they-don’t choice(做也见鬼,不做也见鬼的选择), a wrapping-up-and-throwing-away gesture(一个包起来扔掉的手势),等等,以上复合词如果缺少连字符是很难理解的。  2.一般性的复合形容词作定语最好要使用连字符,如:out-of-town guests(外地的宾客),a broad-minded judge(气量大的法官),a narrow-minded man(气量小的人),an ill-treated child(遭受虐待的孩子),a com- mon-sense argument(常识性的争论),an open-air restaurant(露天餐馆),an out-of-date aircraft(过了时的飞机),an in-depth interview(深度采访),等等。  3.由名词加形容词构成的复合形容词最好要使用连字符,如:maintenance-free(无需维修的),toll-free(不交费的),interest-free(无息的),nuclear-weapon-free(无核武器的), life-long(终生的),grass-green(草绿色的), home-sick(想家的),poverty-stricken(贫困不堪的),familiar-sounding(听起来熟悉的)  4.由动名词加形容词构成的复合形容词也最好要使用连字符,如:steaming-hot,smoking-hot(滚烫的,热气腾腾的)soaking-wet, wringing-wet(湿淋淋的)biting-cold,freezing-cold(冷得刺骨的,冰冷的)。  5.由形容词加形容词构成的复合形容词一般要使用连字符,如:wet-cold(湿冷的),bitter-sweet(又苦又甜的),light-blue(浅蓝的), deaf-mute(又聋又哑的)。  二、重叠词  重叠词最好要使用连字符,如:tick-tock(时钟的滴答声),flip-flop(脚趾夹着的拖鞋),higgledy-piggledy(混乱无序),wishy-washy(虚弱),shilly-shally(犹豫不决),teeny-weeny(very small指小孩),walkie-talkie(对讲机),等等。 三、由名词接后置修饰语构成的复合词要使用连字符,如:son-in-law(女婿),daughter-in-law(儿媳),comrade-in-arms(战友),等等。  四、从复合名词或形容词逆生而成的复合动词要使用连字符,如:to speed-read(快速阅读,由speed-reading逆生而成),to soft-land(软着陆,由soft landing逆生而成),to vacu- um-clean(用真空吸尘器除尘,由vacu- um-cleaner逆生而成),to mass-produce(成批生产,由mass production逆生而成),to sight-see(观光,由sight-seeing逆生而成),to proof-read(校对,由proof-reading逆生而成), to tape-record(用磁带为……录音,由tape- recorder逆生而成),to baby-sit(担任临时保姆,由baby-sitter逆生而成),还有sleep-walk(梦游),day-dream(做白日梦),等等。  五、如果构成复合词或派生词的后面的词素或词干首字母必须大写,那么两个构成部分之间就要使用连字符,如:Pro-American(亲美的),a trans-Canadian Highway(横跨加拿大公路),Sino-British joint venture(中英合资 企业 ),等等。  六、如果构成复合词或派生词的前一部分结尾的字母刚好与后一部分开头的字母相同,最好要使用连字符,如:anti-intellectual(反知识分子的),co-occupy(共同占领), co-operation(合作),semi-independent(半独立的),co-ordinate(协调),micro-organism(微生物),de-emphasize(不再强调),de-escalate(下降),cross-stitch(十字绣,十字针脚),shell-like(似壳的),bell-like(钟形的),hull-less(无壳的),等等。 
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