纵膈及其断层解剖.lei

nullnullThe Mediastinum Thoracic sections Lei, De-Liang dllei@xysm.netDepartment of Anatomy and neurobiology Xiangya School of Medicine, CSU 2011.4.*nullThe main points Introduction II. Superior mediastinum III. The anterior mediastinum IV. The middle mediastinum V. The posterior mediastinumThe Mediastinum *nulli. Definition I. Introductioniii. Positionii. The boundary anterior posterior lateral inferior superior*nulliv. Subdivisions The Inferior MediastinumThe Superior MediastinumAnterior M. Middle M. Posterior M.pericardium四分法三分法*nullv. Anterior viewThe triangle of thymusThe triangle of pericardium*nullvi. Left Side View of MediastinumContents: Thoracic ductus Esophagus EsophagusContents: Arterial lig. Recurrent laryngeal n.*nullvii. Right Side View of Mediastinum*nullAnterior layerII.The Superior Mediastinum(I)iii.The brachiocephalic V.Functions ii. The superior vena V.Clinical notes ①A megalothymus or thymoma ②Tumescence of thymus*nullII. The Superior Mediastinum(II)Middle layer*i. Aortic arch ii.The triangle of arterial ductus The positionThe relationshipsiii.The arterial ligament The positionClinical notes*nullII. The Superior Mediastinum(III)Posterior layerii. The principal bronchusPosition RelationshipClinical notes: 异物停留i. The thoracic part of trachea*null上纵隔器官层次胸腺 静脉 动脉 气管 食管前后*nullIII. The Anterior Mediastinum*nullIV. The Middle Mediastinum*The pericardiumThe fibrous pericardium The serous pericardiumParietal layer Visceral layer*Bare areaThe pericardium cavityThe transverse sinus The oblique sinusThe sinus of pericardiumThe anteriorinferior sinus*nullThe relationships of pericardiumAnterior Posterior Lateral Superior Inferior *nullPosition Organs: i. Thoracic part of esophagus②SubdivisionV. The posterior mediastinum③Relationship④Constrictions①Position左前方⑤ Nerves*nullThoracic sections I. 胸骨柄上部平面*null经胸骨柄平面横断层*nullCT (computed tomography)横扫描*nullMRI (magnetic resonance imaging) T1 横扫描*MRI原理MRI原理人体中含有丰富的氢质子 氢质子具有核磁性 磁化的氢质子有一定的进动频率 同频率的射频脉冲使质子共振获得能量 质子弛豫释放能量，由接收线圈接受变为电信号，计算机处理成像 MRI 平扫、增强、MRA、FMRI nullII. 主动脉弓平面*null经主动脉弓横断层*null经主动脉弓CT横扫描*null经主动脉弓 MRI T1横扫描*nullIII. 气管杈平面*null经气管杈（奇静脉弓）横断层*T4nullIV. 肺动脉杈平面*null经肺动脉叉横断层*null经肺动脉叉CT横扫描*null经肺动脉叉MRI T1 横扫描*nullV. 上肺静脉平面*null经上肺静脉（肺A 窦）横断层*null经上肺静脉（肺A 窦） CT 横扫描*nullVI.冠状 窦平面*null经冠状 窦横断层*null经冠状 窦MRI T 1横扫描*nullThe end*